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Encyclopedia > Atthakatha

Theravada Theravada (Pāli: theravāda; Sanskrit: स्थविरवाद sthaviravāda; literally, the Way of the Elders) is the oldest surviving Buddhist school, and for many centuries has been the predominant religion of Sri Lanka (about 70% of the population[1]) and most of continental Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand). ...

   

Countries

  Sri Lanka
Cambodia • Laos
Myanmar • Thailand
 

Texts Standard edition of the Thai Pali Canon The Pali Canon is one the earliest existing scripture collections of the Buddhist tradition. ...

 

Vinaya • Suttas
Abidhamma
Commentaries Pali or Sanskrit word meaning discipline. The Vinaya is the textual framework for the Buddhist monastic community, or sangha. ... The Sutta Pitaka (suttapiṭaka; or Suttanta Pitaka; Sanskrit सूत्र पिटक Sutra Pitaka) is the second of the three divisions of the Tipitaka or Pali Canon, the great Pali collection of Buddhist writings, the scriptures of Theravada Buddhism. ... Abhidharma (Sanskrit) or Abhidhamma (Pāli) is a category of Buddhist scriptures that attempts to use Buddhist teachings to create a systematic, abstract description of all worldly phenomena. ...

 

History

 

Pre-sectarian Buddhism
Early schools • Sthavira
Asoka • Third Council
Mahinda • Sanghamitta
Dipavamsa • Mahavamsa
Buddhaghosa The term pre-sectarian Buddhism is used to refer to the Buddhism that existed before the various subsects of Buddhism came into being. ... Divisions among the early Buddhist schools came about due to doctrinal or practical differences in the views of the Buddhist Sangha following the death of the Buddha. ... Sthaviravāda (Sanskrit. ... Allegiance: Maurya Empire (Magadha Empire) Rank: Emperor Succeeded by: Dasaratha Maurya Reign: 273 BC-232 BC Place of birth: Pataliputra, Magadha, India Battles/Wars Kalinga War Emperor Ashoka the Great (DevanāgarÄ«: अशोक(:); IAST transliteration: , pronunciation: ) (Imperial title: Devanampiya Piyadassi, Prakrit for He who is the beloved of the Gods and... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Mahinda was the son of Emperor Ashoka. ... Sanghamitta was the daughter of Emperor Ashoka and sister of Venerable Mahinda. ... The Dipavamsa (Island Chronicle in Pali) is the oldest historical record of Sri Lanka, believed to be compiled in the 4th century. ... The Mahavansha, also Mahawansha, (Pāli: great chronicle) is a historical record, often thought to be the oldest written record oh history, written in the Pāli language, of the Buddhist kings as well as Dravidian kings of Sri Lanka. ... Bhadantācariya Buddhaghosa was a 5th century Indian Theravadin Buddhist commentator and scholar. ...

 

Doctrine

 

Middle Way
Noble Eightfold Path
Four Noble Truths
Enlightenment Stages
Buddhist Precepts
Nibbāṇa - Three Jewels The Middle Way or Middle Path (Sanskrit Madhyama Marga, Pali Majjhima Magga) is the Buddhist philosophy expounded by Gautama Buddha. ... The Dharma wheel, often used to represent the Noble Eightfold Path The Noble Eightfold Path (Pāli: Ariyo aá¹­á¹­haá¹…giko maggo; Sanskrit: Ä€rya ṣṭāṅga mārgaḥ; Chinese: 八正道, Bāzhèngdào; Japanese: 八正道, Hasshōdō, Thai: อริยมรรคแปด, Ariya Mugg Paad) is, in the teachings of the Buddha, declared to be the... The Four Noble Truths (Pali: Cattāri ariyasaccāni, Sanskrit: Catvāri āryasatyāni, Chinese: Sìshèngdì) are one of the most fundamental Buddhist teachings. ... The four stages of enlightenment in Buddhism are the four degrees of approach to full enlightenment as an Arahant which a person can attain in this life. ... Śīla (Sanskrit) or sÄ«la (Pāli) is usually rendered into English as behavioral discipline, morality, or ethics. ... Buddhist concept. ... The Three Jewels, also rendered as Three Treasures, Three Refuges or Triple Gem are the three things that Buddhists give themselves to, and in return look toward for guidance, in the process known as taking refuge. ...

 
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Atthakatha (Pali for explanation, commentary)[1] refers to Pali-language Theravadin Buddhist commentaries to the canonical Theravadin Tipitaka. Pali may refer to: Pāli, a Middle Indo-Aryan language Pali, Rajasthan, a town and district in Rajasthan, western India Pali, a Hawaiian word, meaning cliffs Nuuanu Pali, a region on the Hawaiian island of Oahu Ballaleshwar Pali, the Ganapati temple of pali and place in Maharastra This is... Theravada (Pāli: theravāda; Sanskrit: स्थविरवाद sthaviravāda; literally, the Way of the Elders) is the oldest surviving Buddhist school, and for many centuries has been the predominant religion of Sri Lanka (about 70% of the population[1]) and most of continental Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand). ... The Tripitaka (Sanskrit, lit. ...


The Theravadin commentaries, generally compiled in the fifth and sixth centuries CE, include:

Contents

Bhadantācariya Buddhaghosa was a 5th century Indian Theravadin Buddhist commentator and scholar. ... Pali or Sanskrit word meaning discipline. The Vinaya is the textual framework for the Buddhist monastic community, or sangha. ... The Digha Nikaya (Collection of Long Discourses) is the first part of the Sutta Pitaka- one of the three baskets that compose the Pali Tipitaka. ... The Majjhima Nikaya, or Middle-length Discourses of the Buddha, is the second of the five nikayas, or collections, in the Sutta Pitaka of the Tipitaka. ... The Samyutta Nikaya, the third Nikaya (division) of the Sutta Pitaka of the Tipitaka, contains 2,889 suttas grouped into five sections (vaggas). ... The Anguttara Nikaya (Gradual Collection) is the fourth of the five nikayas, or collections, in the Sutta Pitaka, which is one of the three baskets that compose the Pali Tipitaka. ... The Khuddaka Nikaya, or Minor Collection, is the last of the five nikayas, or collections, in the Sutta Pitaka of the Tipitaka. ... The abhidhamma is the name of one of the three pitakas, or baskets of tradition, into which the Tipitaka (Pali; Sanskrit: Tripitaka), the canon of early Buddhism, is divided. ... Dhammapala was a great Theravada Buddhist commentator who lived in the latter half of the 5th century CE at the Badara Tittha Vihgra, near the east coast of India, just a little south of where Chennai now stands. ... The Visuddhimagga (The path to purity) is a Theravada Buddhist commentary written by Buddhaghosa approximately in 430 CE in Sri Lanka. ...

Buddhaghosa

Below is a listing of fifth-century CE commentator Buddhaghosa's fourteen commentaries (Pāli: atthakatha) on the Pāli Tipitaka:[2]

Pali Tipitaka Commentary
from the
Vinaya Pitaka
Vinaya (general) Samantapasadika
Patimokkha Kankhavitarani
from the
Sutta Pitaka
Digha Nikaya Sumangalavilasini
Majjhima Nikaya Papañcasudani
Samyutta Nikaya Saratthappakasini
Anguttara Nikaya Manorathapurani
from the
Khuddaka
Nikaya
Khuddakapatha Paramatthajotika (I)
Dhammapada Dhammapada-atthakatha
Sutta Nipata Paramatthajotika (II),
Suttanipata-atthakatha
Jataka Jatakatthavannana,
Jataka-atthakatha
from the
Abhidhamma
Pitaka
Dhammasangani Atthasalini
Vibhanga Sammohavinodani
Katthavatthu Pañcappakaranatthakatha
Puggalapaññatti
Dhatukatha
Yamaka
Patthana

Pali or Sanskrit word meaning discipline. The Vinaya is the textual framework for the Buddhist monastic community, or sangha. ... Samantapasadika refers to a collection of Pali commentaries on Theravada Tipitaka Vinaya. ... In Buddhism, the Patimokkha is the basic Theravada code of monastic discipline, consisting of 227 rules for fully ordained monks (bhikkhus) and 311 for nuns (bhikkhunis). ... The Sutta Pitaka (suttapiṭaka; or Suttanta Pitaka; Sanskrit सूत्र पिटक Sutra Pitaka) is the second of the three divisions of the Tipitaka or Pali Canon, the great Pali collection of Buddhist writings, the scriptures of Theravada Buddhism. ... The Digha Nikaya (Collection of Long Discourses) is the first part of the Sutta Pitaka- one of the three baskets that compose the Pali Tipitaka. ... The Majjhima Nikaya, or Middle-length Discourses of the Buddha, is the second of the five nikayas, or collections, in the Sutta Pitaka of the Tipitaka. ... The Samyutta Nikaya, the third Nikaya (division) of the Sutta Pitaka of the Tipitaka, contains 2,889 suttas grouped into five sections (vaggas). ... The Anguttara Nikaya (Gradual Collection) is the fourth of the five nikayas, or collections, in the Sutta Pitaka, which is one of the three baskets that compose the Pali Tipitaka. ... The Khuddaka Nikaya, or Minor Collection, is the last of the five nikayas, or collections, in the Sutta Pitaka of the Tipitaka. ... The Khuddakapatha (Pali for short passages; abbreviated as Khp) is the first collection of suttas in the Khuddaka Nikaya of the Pali canon. ... The Dhammapada (Pali, translates as Path of the Dharma. ... The Sutta Nipata is a sutta collection in the Khuddaka Nikaya, part of the Tripitaka Buddhist canon. ... The Jataka stories are a significant body of works about the previous lives of Gautama Buddha. ... The abhidhamma is the name of one of the three pitakas, or baskets of tradition, into which the Tipitaka (Pali; Sanskrit: Tripitaka), the canon of early Buddhism, is divided. ...

Dhammapala

Sixth-century CE commentator Dhammapala's eight Khuddaka Nikaya commentaries are:[3]

  • Paramatthadipani regarding the Udana, Itivuttaka, Vimanavatthu, Petavatthu, Theragatha, Therigatha and Cariyapitaka.
  • Udana-atthakatha regarding the Udana.
  • Itivuttaka-atthakatha regarding the Itivuttaka.
  • Vimanavatthu-atthakatha regarding the Vimanavatthu.
  • Petavatthu-atthakatha regarding the Petavatthu.
  • Theragatha-atthakatha regarding the Theragatha.
  • Therigatha-atthakatha regarding the Therigatha.
  • Cariyapitaka-atthakatha regarding the Cariyapitaka.

The Udana (udāna) is a Buddhist scripture, part of the Pali Canon of Theravada Buddhism. ... The Itivuttaka is a Buddhist scripture, part of the Pali Canon of Theravada Buddhism. ... The Vimanavatthu is a Buddhist text; it is the sixth book of the Khuddaka Nikaya. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The Theragatha, often translated as Verses of the Elder Monks (Pāli: thera elder (masculine) + gatha verse), is a collection of short poems supposedly recited by early members of the Buddhist sangha. ... The Therigatha, often translated as Verses of the Elder Nuns (Pāli: thera elder (feminine) + gatha verse), is a collection of short poems supposedly recited by early members of the Buddhist sangha. ... The Cariyapitaka (cariyāpiṭaka) is a Buddhist scripture, part of the Pali Canon of Theravada Buddhism. ...

Other Khuddaka Nikaya commentaries

Other Khuddaka Nikaya commentaries include:[4]

  • Sadhammapajotika by Upasena (5th c.) regarding the Niddesa.
  • Sadhammappakasini by Mahanama (6th c.) regarding the Patisambhidamagga.
  • Visuddhajanavilasini by an unknown author regarding the Apadana.
  • Madhuratthavilasini by Buddhadatta (5th c.) regarding the Buddhavamsa.

Three books of the Burmese edition of the Khuddaka Nikaya (Nettipakarana, Petakopadesa and Milindapañha) do not have commentaries.[5] The Niddesa is a Buddhist scripture, part of the Pali Canon of Theravada Buddhism. ... Mahanama College is one of the leading boys schools in Sri Lanka. ... The Patisambhidamagga (paá¹­isambhidā-; sometimes called just Patisambhida for short) is a Buddhist scripture, part of the Pali Canon of Theravada Buddhism. ... The Apadāna (from Sanskrit ava-dāna, a great or glorious act) is a collection of biographical stories found in the Khuddaka Nikaya of the Pāli Canon. ... The Buddhavamsa (-vaṃsa) is a Buddhist scripture, part of the Pali Canon of Theravada Buddhism. ... The Milinda Pañha (Pali. ...


See also

Bhadantācariya Buddhaghosa was a 5th century Indian Theravadin Buddhist commentator and scholar. ... Dhammapala was a great Theravada Buddhist commentator who lived in the latter half of the 5th century CE at the Badara Tittha Vihgra, near the east coast of India, just a little south of where Chennai now stands. ... Standard edition of the Thai Pali Canon The Pali Canon is one the earliest existing scripture collections of the Buddhist tradition. ...

Notes

  1. ^ Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), pp. 24-25, entry for Attha defines aṭṭhakathā as "exposition of the sense, explanation, commentary...."
  2. ^ Table based on Bullitt (2002). Bullitt further notes that only six of Buddhaghosa's commentaries have complete English translations: the Dhammapada-atthakatha, the Jatakatthavannana, the Jataka-atthakatha, the Atthasalini, the Sammohavinodani and the Pañcappakaranatthakatha. These English translations are available through the Pali Text Society. (See Bullitt, 2002, for more information about these translations.) Soma (2003) contains a translation of Buddhaghosa's Papañcasudani pertinent to the Satipatthana Sutta.
  3. ^ Bullitt (2002). According to Bullitt, none of Dhammapala's commentaries has been translated into English.
  4. ^ Bullitt (2002). According to Bullitt, only Buddhadatta's Sadhammappakasini has been translated into English through the Pali Text Society.
  5. ^ Bullitt (2002). These three books exist in the Burmese edition of the Khuddaka Nikaya but not in the Thai or Sinhala editions.

The Pali Text Society was founded in 1881 by T.W. Rhys Davids to foster and promote the study of Pali texts. Pali is the language in which the texts of the Theravada school of Buddhism is preserved. ... The Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta and the Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta are two of the most popular works in the Pali canon, embraced by both Theravada and Mahayana practitioners (see, e. ... The Pali Text Society was founded in 1881 by T.W. Rhys Davids to foster and promote the study of Pali texts. Pali is the language in which the texts of the Theravada school of Buddhism is preserved. ...

Sources

  • Bullitt, John T. (2002). Beyond the Tipitaka: A Field Guide to Post-canonical Pali Literature. Available on-line at: http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/bullitt/fieldguide.html. Accessed 2007-05-09.
  • Rhys Davids, T.W. & William Stede (eds.) (1921-5). The Pali Text Society’s Pali–English Dictionary. Chipstead: Pali Text Society. A general on-line search engine for the PED is available at http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/pali/. Accessed 2007-05-09.
  • Soma Thera (trans.) (2003). The Way of Mindfulness. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society. ISBN 955-24-0256-5. Also available on-line in a 1998 version at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/soma/wayof.html. Accessed 2007-05-09.


 

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