August Gottlieb Spangenberg ( July 15 is the 196th day (197th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 169 days remaining. ...July 15, Events Building of the Students Monument in Aiud, Romania. ...1704 _ September 18 is the 261st day of the year (262nd in leap years). ...September 18, 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...1792), Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf, Count of Zinzendorf and Pottendorf, (May 26, 1700 _ May 9, 1760), German religious and social reformer, was born at Dresden. ...Count Zinzendorf's successor, and bishop of the A Moravian is a Protestant belonging to a religious movement that originated in Moravia, Czech Republic. ...Moravian Brethren, was born at Klettenberg, on the south of the The Harz is a mountain range in northern Germany. ...Harz Mountains, where his father, Georg Spangenberg, was court preacher and ecclesiastical inspector of the courtship of Hohenstein.

Left an orphan at the early age of thirteen, he was sent to the gymnasium at Ilefeld, and passed thence (1722), in poorest circumstances, to the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena (FSU) is located in Jena, Thuringia in Germany and was named for the German writer Friedrich Schiller. ...university of Jena to study Law (a loanword from Danish_ Norwegian lov), in politics and jurisprudence, is a set of rules or norms of conduct which mandate, proscribe or permit specified relationships among people and organizations, provide methods for ensuring the impartial treatment of such people, and provide punishments for those who do not follow...law. Johann Franz Buddeus (1667 _ 1729), German Lutheran divine, was born at Anklam, a town of Pomerania, where his father was pastor. ...Professor Johann Franz Buddeus received him into his family, and a "stipendium" was procured for him. He soon abandoned law for Theology is literally rational discourse concerning God (Greek θεος, theos, God, + λογος, logos, rational discourse). By extension, it also refers to the study of other religious topics. ...theology: took his degree in 1726, and began to give free lectures on theology.

He also took an active part in a religious union of students, in the support of the free schools for poor children established by them in the suburbs of Jena, and in the training of teachers. In 1728 Count Zinzendorf visited Jena, and Spangenberg made his acquaintance; in 1730 he visited the Moravian colony at Herrnhut (Sorbian: Ochranow) is a municipality in the district of Löbau_Zittal, in the state of Saxony, Germany. ...Herrnhut. A "collegium pastorale practicum" for the care of the sick and poor was in consequence founded by him at Jena, which the authorities at once broke up as a "Zinzendorfian institution." But Spangenberg's relations with the Moravians were confirmed by several visits to the colony, and the accident of an unfavourable appeal to the lot alone prevented his appointment as chief elder of the community, March 1733.

Meanwhile his free lectures in Jena met with much acceptance, and led to an invitation from Gotthilf Francke to the post of assistant professor of theology and superintendent of schools connected with his orphanage at Halle. He accepted the invitation, and entered on his duties in September 1732. But differences between the Pietism was a movement, in the Lutheran Church, lasting from the late-17th century to the mid-18th Century. ...Pietists of Halle is the name of two cities in Germany, and both a municipality and a town in Belgium. ...Halle and himself soon became apparent. He found their religious life too formal, external and worldly; and they could not sanction his comparative indifference to doctrinal correctness and his incurable tendency to Political separatism is a movement to obtain sovereignty and split a territory or group of people (usually a people with a distinctive national consciousness) from one another (or one nation from another; a colony from the metropolis). ...separatism in church life.

Spangenberg's participation in private observances of The Lords Supper is a variation of the name and the service of The Last Supper or Eucharist. ...the Lord's Supper and his intimate connexion with Count Zinzendorf brought matters to a crisis. He was offered by the senate of the theological faculty of Halle the alternative of doing penance before God, submitting to his superiors, and separating himself from Zinzendorf, or leaving the matter. to the decision of the king, unless he preferred to "leave Halle quietly." The case came before the king, and, on April 8 is the 98th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (99th in leap years). ...April 8, Events February 12 _ British colonist James Oglethorpe founds Savannah, Georgia. ...1733, Spangenberg was conducted by the military outside the gates of Halle.

At first he went to Jena, but Zinzendorf at once sought to secure him as a fellow labourer, though the count wished to obtain from him a declaration which would remove from the Pietists of Halle all blame with regard to the disruption. Spangenberg went to Herrnhut and found amongst the Moravians his life_work, having joined them at a moment when the stability of the society was threatened. He became its theologian, its apologist, its statesman and corrector, through sixty long years.

For the first thirty years (1733_1762) his work was mainly devoted to the superintendence and organization of the extensive missionary enterprises of the body in Germany, England, Denmark, Holland, Surinam, Georgia and elsewhere. It was on an island off Savannah Savannah is a city located in Chatham County, Georgia. ...Savannah that Spangenberg startled John Wesley with his questions and profoundly influenced his future career. One special endeavour of Spangenberg in State nickname: The Keystone State Other U.S. States Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Governor Ed Rendell Official languages None Area 119,283 km² (33rd)  _ Land 116,074 km²  _ Water 3,208 km² (2. ...Pennsylvania was to bring over the scattered Schwenkfeldians to his faith. In 1741-1742 he was in England collecting for his mission and obtaining the sanction of John Potter (c. ...the archbishop of Canterbury.

During the second half of this missionary period of his life he super_intended as bishop the churches of Pennsylvania, defended the Moravian colonies against the Indians at the time of war between France and England, became the apologist of his body against the attacks of the The Lutheran movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity by the original definition. ...Lutherans and the Pietists, and did much tb moderate the mystical extravagances of Zinzendorf, with which his simple, practical and healthy nature was out of sympathy. The second thirty years of his work (1762_1792) were devoted to the consolidation of the German Moravian Church.

Zinzendorf's death (1760) had left room and need for his labours at home. At Herrnhut there were conflicting tendencies, doctrinal and practical extravagances, and the organization of the brethren was very defective. In 1777 Spangenberg was commissioned to draw up an idea fidei fratrum, or compendium of the Christian faith of the United Brethren, which became the accepted declaration of the Moravian belief. As compared with Zinzendorf's own writings, this book exhibits the finer balance and greater moderation of Spangenberg's nature, while those offensive descriptions of the relation of the sinner to Christ in which the Moravians at first indulged are almost absent from it.

In his last years Spangenberg devoted special attention to the education of the young, in which the Moravians have since been so successful. He died at Berthelsdorf, on the 18th of September 1792. In addition to the Idea fidei fratrum, Spangenberg wrote, besides other apologetic books, a Declaration über die seither gegen uns ausgegangenen Beschuldigungen sonderlich die Person unseres Ordinarius (Zinzendorf) betreffend (Leipzig, 1751), an Apologetische Schlassschrift (1752), Leben des Grafen Zinzendorf (1772_1775); and his hymns are well known beyond the Moravian circle.

In addition to his autobiography (Selbstbiographie), see J Risler, Leben Spangenbergs (Barby, 1794); KF Ledderhose, Das Leben Spangenbergs (Heidelberg, 1846); Otto Frick, Beiträge zur Lebensgeschuhte AG Spangenbergs (Halle, 1884); Gerhard Reichel's article in Herzog_Hauck's Realencyklopadie (ed. 1906), s.v. "Spangenberg"; the article by Ledderhose, in the Allgemeine deutsche Biographie.

This article incorporates text from the The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...public domain The Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica ( 1911) in many ways represents the sum of knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century. ...1911 Encyclopædia Britannica.