Kekulé von Stradonitz

Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz (September 7, 1829 – July 13, 1896) was a German organic chemist. September 7 is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years). ... 1829 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... July 13th is the 194th day (195th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 171 days remaining. ... 1896 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is one of the worlds leading industrialised countries, located in the heart of Europe. ... Organic chemistry is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of organic compounds. ...

He was born in Darmstadt to an old Bohemian noble family. He was professor at Ghent (1858-1865) and at Bonn. He studied various carbon compounds, especially benzene, proposing a carbon ring for its structure. In 1857 Kekulé proposed that carbon was tetravalent. Map of Germany showing Darmstadt Darmstadt is a city in the Bundesland (federal state) of Hessen in Germany. ... Bohemia is also a place in the State of United States of America: see Bohemia, New York. ... This page is about the Belgian city. ... 1858 is a common year starting on Friday. ... 1865 is a common year starting on Sunday. ... Bonn is a city in Germany (Population (2004 est): 313,605 ; the 19th largest city in Germany), in the Bundesland of North Rhine-Westphalia, located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine. ... General Name, Symbol, Number Carbon, C, 6 Chemical series Nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14 (IVA), 2, p Density, Hardness 2267 kg/m3 0. ... Benzene, C6 H6, PhH, or benzol is a colorless and flammable liquid with a pleasant, sweet smell. ... 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Valence is a scientific term in chemistry to describe electrons in the outermost orbital. ...

He wrote that he discovered the ring shape of the benzene molecule after dreaming of a snake seizing its own tail. This dream came to him after years of studying the nature of carbon-carbon bonds. Kekulé claimed to solve the problem of how carbon atoms could bond to up to four other atoms at the same time. While his claims were well publicized and accepted, by the early 1920s Kekulé's own biographer came to the conclusion that Kekulé's understanding of the tetravalent nature carbon bonding depended on the previous research of Archibald Scott Couper (1831-1892); further, the German Chemist Josef Loschmidt (1821-1895) had earlier posited a cyclic structure for benzene as early as 1862, although he had not actually proved this structure to be correct. Benzene, C6 H6, PhH, or benzol is a colorless and flammable liquid with a pleasant, sweet smell. ... Families Acrochordidae Aniliidae Anomalepididae Anomochilidae Atractaspididae Boidae Bolyeriidae Colubridae Cylindrophiidae Elapidae Hydrophiidae Leptotyphlopidae Loxocemidae Pythonidae Tropidophiidae Typhlopidae Uropeltidae Viperidae Xenopeltidae Snakes are cold blooded legless reptiles closely related to lizards, which share the order Squamata. ... Archibald Scott Couper (1831-1892) was the author of On a New Chemical Theory, Philosophical Magazine 16, 104-116 (1858) [as excerpted in Alembic Club Reprint #21, On a New Chemical Theory and Researches on Salicylic Acid[1]] Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz claimed to solve the structure of Benzene... Johann Josef Loschmidt (March 15, 1821 - July 8, 1895) was an Austrian physicist and chemist. ...

In 1895 Kekule was enobled by Emperor William II, giving him the right to add "von Stradonitz" to his name, referring to an ancient possession of his family in Stradonice, Bohemia. Of the first five Nobel Prizes in Chemistry, his students won three. Wilhelm II German Emperor and King of Prussia Wilhelm II of Prussia and Germany, Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert von Hohenzollern ( January 27, 1859– June 4, 1941) was the last German Emperor ( Kaiser) and the last King (König) of Prussia, ruling from 1888 to 1918. ... The Nobel Prizes (pronounced no-BELL or no-bell) are awarded annually to people who have done outstanding research, invented groundbreaking techniques or equipment, or made outstanding contributions to society. ...

See also

• Benzene
• Non-Kekulé molecule
• Scientific mythology

Benzene, C6 H6, PhH, or benzol is a colorless and flammable liquid with a pleasant, sweet smell. ... There are many stories that inform our understanding of the history of science and technology. ...

External links

• Couper and Carbon bonds (http://classes.yale.edu/chem125a/125/history99/5Valence/Couper/Couper.html)
• Kekule, Couper and dreams of Benzene (http://classes.yale.edu/chem125a/125/history99/5Valence/Kekule/Kekule.html)
• Josef Loschmidt, Physicist and Chemist (http://www.physicstoday.org/pt/vol-54/iss-3/p45.html)
• Loschmidt's Benzene structure (http://www.physicstoday.org/pt/vol-54/iss-3/captions/p45cap4.html)