August Zaleski
President of the Polish Republic in Exile
In office June 9, 1947 – April 7, 1975
Preceded by	Władysław Raczkiewicz
Succeeded by	Stanisław Ostrowski
Born	September 13, 1883 Warsaw, Poland
Died	April 7, 1975 (age 88) London, England
Political party	None

August Zaleski (1883-1972) was a Polish economist, politician and diplomat. Twice Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland, he served as the President of Poland within the Polish Government in Exile. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixels Full resolution (1704 × 2272 pixel, file size: 749 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) August Zaleski Polish president on exile. ... Following are the successive heads of state of Poland. ... June 9 is the 160th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (161st in leap years), with 205 days remaining. ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... Term of Office from September 30, 1939 until June 6, 1947 Profession Lawyer Political Party none (BBWR) First Lady not married Date of Birth January 28, 1885 Place of Birth Kutaisi, Georgia Date of Death June 6, 1947 Place of Death Wales, United Kingdom WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw Raczkiewicz (January 28... StanisÅ‚aw Ostrowski StanisÅ‚aw Ostrowski (b. ... September 13 is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years). ... 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Motto: Contemnit procellas (It defies the storms) Semper invicta (Always invincible) Coordinates: Country Poland Voivodeship Masovia Powiat city county Gmina Warszawa Districts 18 boroughs City Rights turn of the 13th century Government  - Mayor Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz (PO) Area  - City 516. ... April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II  -  Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification  -  by Athelstan 967  Area... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... A minister for foreign affairs, or foreign minister, is a cabinet minister that helps to form foreign policy for sovereign nations. ... Following are the successive heads of state of Poland. ... The Government of the Polish Republic in Exile was the government of Poland after the country had been occupied by Germany and the Soviet Union during September-October 1939. ...

Biography

August Zaleski was born September 13, 1883 in Warsaw. In 1901 he graduated from a gymnasium in Praga and became a librarian for the Krasiński family, but finally moved to London, where he received masters degree at the London School of Economics. Unable to return to Poland during the World War I, Zaleski started lecturing Polish language in London in 1917. About that time he also became interested in freemasonry and became one of the collaborators of the Polish National Committee, the institution that was to become the Polish representative with the Entente. As such, he was one of Roman Dmowski's envoys to assure English politicians, that the fact that Józef Piłsudski's Polish Legions had been siding with the Central Powers was aimed at Russia but not at the west. September 13 is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years). ... 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Motto: Contemnit procellas (It defies the storms) Semper invicta (Always invincible) Coordinates: Country Poland Voivodeship Masovia Powiat city county Gmina Warszawa Districts 18 boroughs City Rights turn of the 13th century Government  - Mayor Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz (PO) Area  - City 516. ... A gymnasium (pronounced with or, in Swedish, as opposed to ) is a type of school providing secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English Grammar Schools and U.S. High Schools. ... Praga Północ and Praga PoÅ‚udnie Pragas market, Jan Piotr Norblin, 1791. ... Palace in 1770, by Bernardo Bellotto. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... The London School of Economics and Political Science, often referred to as the London School of Economics or simply the LSE, is a specialist constituent college of the University of London. ... This article is becoming very long. ... Polish (jÄ™zyk polski, polszczyzna) is the official language of Poland. ... The Masonic Square and Compasses. ... Polish National Committee (Komitet Narodowy Polski) can refer to several Polish organizations: Historical: Polish National Committee (1831-1832) - in Paris Polish National Committee (1848) - during the Spring of Nations Polish National Committee (1834-1838) - in USA Polish National Committee (1914-1917) - pro-Russian Polish National Committee (1917-1919) - in Paris... European military alliances in 1915. ... Roman Dmowski Roman Dmowski (b. ... Office Chief of State, Marshal of Poland Term of office from November 14, 1918 until December 9, 1922 Profession Statesman Political party none (see Sanacja for details), formerly PPS Spouse Maria PiÅ‚sudska Aleksandra PiÅ‚sudska Date of birth December 5, 1867 Place of birth Zułów, in todays... Polish Legions (Polish Legiony Polskie) was the name of Polish armed forces created in August of 1914 in Galicia. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Triple Alliance. ...

In 1918, when Poland regained her independence, Zaleski proved to be a skilled diplomat and served at various posts in Polish embassies in Switzerland, Greece, Italy and was one of the Polish envoys to the League of Nations. After the May Coup d'Etat of 1926 he sided with the camp of Marshal Józef Piłsudski and, until 1932, held the post of the Minister of Foreign Affairs (in two subsequent governments). Between 1928 and 1935 he was also a member of the Senate of Poland. After the end of his term he retired from active politics and became the chairman of Bank Handlowy (Commercial Bank), one of the best-known Polish banks of the time. He held that post until the start of the Polish Defensive War, during which he successfully evacuated his company's assets to France and then the United Kingdom. The League of Nations was an international organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference, 1919. ... May Coup (Polish: Przewrót majowy or zamach majowy) was a coup detat successfully carried out during the Second Polish Republic by Józef Piłsudski, May 12 – May 14, 1926. ... Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will take you to a full 1932 calendar). ... A minister for foreign affairs, or foreign minister, is a cabinet minister that helps to form foreign policy for sovereign nations. ... The Polish Senate The Senate (Senat) is the upper house of the Polish parliament. ... Combatants Poland Germany, Soviet Union, Slovakia Commanders Edward Rydz-ÅšmigÅ‚y Fedor von Bock (Army Group North), Gerd von Rundstedt (Army Group South), Mikhail Kovalov (Belorussian Front), Semyon Timoshenko (Ukrainian Front), Ferdinand ÄŒatloÅ¡ (Field Army Bernolak) Strength 39 divisions, 16 brigades, 4,300 guns, 880 tanks, 400 aircraft Total: 950...

In exile he yet again became the minister of foreign affairs - this time in the government of Gen. Władysław Sikorski. In June of 1947 he was nominated to the post of the President of Poland in exile. Initially supported by much of the Polish diaspora (Polonia), he nominated Gen. Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski to the post of the Prime Minister. However, by the end of his 7 years term he was facing opposition and was at odds with much of the political elite. His answer was to extend his term and nominate Stanisław Cat-Mackiewicz for the prime minister. This was seen as unlawful by many (among them Bór-Komorowski and Władysław Anders), who decided to create the Council of the Three, a collective head of state that was to take over the role of the president of Poland until Zaleski properly resigned his post. However, in fact for almost 20 years both the Council and Zaleski held that post. WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw Eugeniusz Sikorski Coat of arms of Kopaszyna, (May 20, 1881 – July 4, 1943; pronounced ) was a Polish military and political leader. ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... The Government of the Polish Republic in Exile was the government of Poland after the country had been occupied by Germany and the Soviet Union during September-October 1939. ... The term: diaspora (in Greek, διασπορά – a scattering or sowing of seeds) is used (without capitalization) to refer to any people or ethnic population forced or induced to leave their traditional ethnic homelands; being dispersed throughout other parts of the world, and the ensuing developments in their dispersal and culture. ... Polonia is the Latin name for Poland. ... General Count Tadeusz Komorowski (June 1, 1895 - August 24, 1966), better known by the name Bór-Komorowski (after one of his wartime code-names: Bór) was a Polish military leader. ... StanisÅ‚aw Cat Mackiewicz (December 18, 1896 in Saint Petersburg - February 18, 1966 in Warsaw) was a Polish Conservative writer and monarchist. ... WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw Anders Lt. ... The Council of Three (Polish Rada Trzech) was a collegial body created by the Polish Government in Exile in 1954 with prerogatives of the President of Poland. ...

August Zaleski died April 7, 1972 in London. Among his papers two conflicting nominations for his successor were found: one naming Stanisław Ostrowski and the other one - possibly forged - mentioning Juliusz Nowina-Sokolnicki. The Council of the Three accepted the earlier and was disbanded. April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... StanisÅ‚aw Ostrowski StanisÅ‚aw Ostrowski (b. ... Juliusz Nowina-Sokolnicki (b. ...

Following are the successive heads of state of Poland. ... Term of office from December 9, 1922, until December 16, 1922 Profession Engineer, university professor Political party nonpartisan Spouse Date of birth March 17, 1865 Place of birth Telsze (in todays Lithuania) Date of death December 16, 1922 Place of death Warsaw, Poland Gabriel Narutowicz, born on March 17... Maciej Rataj (19 February 1884 - 21 June 1940) was a Polish politician, president, socialist activist and writer. ... Term of office from December 20, 1922 until May 14, 1926 Profession university professor Political party PSL Piast Date of birth March 15, 1869 Place of birth Kalisz, Poland Date of death April 9, 1953 Place of death GoÅ‚Ä…bki near Warsaw, Poland Stanislaw Wojciechowski was born on March 15... Maciej Rataj (19 February 1884 - 21 June 1940) was a Polish politician, president, socialist activist and writer. ... Office Term of office from June 1, 1926, until September 30, 1939 Profession Professor of chemistry Political party none (until 1892, Proletariat) Spouse Maria, née DobrzaÅ„ska Date of birth December 1, 1867 Place of birth Mierzanów, Poland Date of death October 2, 1946 Place of death Versoix... The Government of the Polish Republic in Exile was the government of Poland after the country had been occupied by Germany and the Soviet Union during September-October 1939. ... BolesÅ‚aw Wieniawa-DÅ‚ugoszowski (1881 - 1942) was a Polish General and man of letters. ... Term of Office from September 30, 1939 until June 6, 1947 Profession Lawyer Political Party none (BBWR) First Lady not married Date of Birth January 28, 1885 Place of Birth Kutaisi, Georgia Date of Death June 6, 1947 Place of Death Wales, United Kingdom WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw Raczkiewicz (January 28... The Council of Three (Polish Rada Trzech) was a collegial body created by the Polish Government in Exile in 1954 with prerogatives of the President of Poland. ... StanisÅ‚aw Ostrowski StanisÅ‚aw Ostrowski (b. ... Term of office from 1979 until 1986 Profession Lawyer Political party none Spouse Date of birth July 19, 1891 Place of birth Zakopane Date of death July 30, 1993 Place of death London Edward RaczyÅ„ski (1891-1993) was a Polish aristocrat, diplomat, politician and President of Poland in exile... Kazimierz Sabbat (February 27, 1913 - July 19, 1989), was a President of the Polish Government in Exile from the 8th of April, 1986 until his death, the 19th of July, 1989. ... Ryszard Kaczorowski Ryszard Kaczorowski (b. ... Capital Warsaw Language(s) Polish Government Socialist republic President Wojciech Jaruzelski Edward Gierek Historical era Cold War  - Established June 28, 1945  - Constitution July 22, 1952  - Disestablished July 19, 1989 Area 312,685 km2 120,728 sq mi Currency Polish zÅ‚oty The Peoples Republic of Poland or Polish People... BolesÅ‚aw Bierut (real name BolesÅ‚aw Biernacki, April 18, 1892–March 12, 1956) was a Polish-born Communist leader, a Stalinist who became President of Poland after the Soviet occupation of the country in the aftermath of World War II. Bierut was born near Lublin, the son of a... The Council of State of the Republic of Poland was introduced by the 1947s Small Constitution. ... Wojciech Jaruzelski in 2006 Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski (pronounced: ) (born July 6, 1923) was a communist Polish political and military leader, Prime Minister from 1981 to 1985, head of the Polish Council of State from 1985 to 1989 and President from 1989 to 1990. ... Wojciech Jaruzelski in 2006 Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski (pronounced: ) (born July 6, 1923) was a communist Polish political and military leader, Prime Minister from 1981 to 1985, head of the Polish Council of State from 1985 to 1989 and President from 1989 to 1990. ... Lech WaÅ‚Ä™sa (IPA: ; born September 29, 1943, Popowo, Poland) is a Polish politician, a former trade union and human rights activist, and also a former electrician. ... Aleksander KwaÅ›niewski ( ; born November 15, 1954) is a Polish politician who served as the President of Poland from 1995 to 2005. ...  , (born June 18, 1949) is the President of the Republic of Poland and a politician of the conservative party Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (Law and Justice, PiS.) KaczyÅ„ski served as President of Warsaw from 2002 until December 22, 2005, the day before his presidential inauguration. ...

References

• Biography
• This article incorporates text translated from the corresponding Polish Wikipedia article as of 1 November 2006.

External links

• August Zaleski

Further reading

• August Zaleski: Minister Spraw Zagranicznych RP 1926-1932 w Swietle Wspomnien i Dokumentow by Piotr Wandycz, reviewed by Anna M. Cienciala in Slavic Review, Vol. 40, No. 3 (Autumn, 1981), pp. 492-493