Auguste Victor Louis Verneuil (1856-1913) was a French chemist best known for inventing the first commercially viable process for the manufacture of synthetic gemstones. In 1902 he discovered the "flame fusion" process, today called the Verneuil Process, which remains in use today as an inexpensive means of making artificial corundum, or rubies. 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1913 (MCMXIII) is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... For the Gemstone as a mineral see Gemstone. ... The Verneuil process, also called flame fusion, is a method of manufacturing synthetic gemstones, developed in 1902 by the French chemist Auguste Verneuil. ... Corundum is the crystalline form of aluminium oxide and one of the rock-forming minerals. ... Ruby is a red gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide) in which the color is caused mainly by chromium. ...
His son, Jean II, duke of Alençon (who features in Shakespeare's Henry VI, was dispossessed of his duchy in the Battle of Verneuil, August 17, 1424: the Duke was defeated and taken prisoner by English forces led by John, Duke of Bedford.
Charles of Valois, brother of Philip IV of France, was given the county of Alençon in appanage in 1291
Charles II (died August 26, 1346 at the Battle of Crecy)
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