Augustine Volcano
Augustine Volcano, 1986
Elevation	4,134 feet (1,260 metres)
Location	Cook Inlet, Alaska, USA
Coordinates	59°21′47″N, 153°25′50″W
Topo map	USGS Iliamna B-2}
Type	Stratovolcano
Last eruption	2006

Augustine Volcano is a stratovolcano on Augustine Island in southwestern Cook Inlet in the Kenai Peninsula Borough of southcentral coastal Alaska, 280 kilometres (180 miles) southwest of Anchorage. The Alaska Volcano Observatory currently rates Mount Augustine as Level of Concern Color Code Green for aviation and the Volcano Alert Level is at Normal. Augustine Island has a land area of 83.872 km² (32.383 sq mi), while West Island, just off Augustine's western shores, has 5.142 km² (1.985 sq mi, or 1,270.68 acres). The islands have no population. Image File history File links MountAugustine. ... A topographical summit is a point on a surface which is higher in elevation than all points immediately adjacent to it. ... Cook Inlet, showing Knik and Turnagain Arms The Cook Inlet or Nuti Inlet is a large inlet of the Gulf of Alaska in south-central Alaska. ... For other uses, see Alaska (disambiguation). ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... // Topographic maps are a variety of maps characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using contour lines in modern mapping, but historically using a variety of methods. ... InsertSLUTTY WHORES≤ non-formatted text here{| class=toccolours border=1 cellpadding=4 style=float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right; |+ United States Geological Survey |- |style= align=center colspan=2| [[Image:USGS logo. ... Mountains can be characterized in several ways. ... A cutaway diagram of a stratovolcano Mount St. ... Cleveland Volcano in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska photographed from the International Space Station For other uses, see Volcano (disambiguation). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A cutaway diagram of a stratovolcano Mount St. ... Cook Inlet, showing Knik and Turnagain Arms The Cook Inlet or Nuti Inlet is a large inlet of the Gulf of Alaska in south-central Alaska. ... Kenai Peninsula Borough is a borough of the U.S. state of Alaska with a population of 49,700 at the 2000 census. ... For other uses, see Alaska (disambiguation). ... This article is about the city in the U.S. state of Alaska. ... The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) is a joint program of the United States Geological Survey, the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska Fairbanks, and the State of Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys (ADGGS). ... The Alaska Volcano Observatory uses the following color coded system to rate volcanic activity: NOT ASSIGNED The volcano has not been assigned a Level of Concern Color Code and is not actively monitored. ... An acre is the name of a unit of area in a number of different systems, including Imperial units and United States customary units. ...

Description and geologic history

The nearly circular uninhabited island formed by Augustine Volcano is 12 km (7.5 mi) wide east-west, 10 km (6 mi) north-south; a nearly symmetrical central summit peaks at altitude 1,260 metres (4,134 feet).

USGS map of Augustine Volcano island

Augustine's summit consists of several overlapping lava dome complexes placed during many historic and prehistoric eruptions. Most of the fragmental debris exposed along its slopes comprises angular blocks of dome-rock andesite, typically of cobble to boulder size but carrying clasts as large as 4 to 8 metres (10 to 25 feet), rarely as large as 30 metres (100 feet). The surface of such deposits is skeet, a field of steep conical mounds and intervening depressions with many metres of local relief. En route to Katmai in 1913, Robert F. Griggs had briefly inferred landslide (debris avalanche) as the origin of Augustine's hummocky coastal topography about Burr Point, by geomorphic analogy with the hummocky and blocky deposit of a 1912 landslide near Katmai. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (874x776, 22 KB) Map of Mount Augustine in Alaska, USA Source:http://vulcan. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (874x776, 22 KB) Map of Mount Augustine in Alaska, USA Source:http://vulcan. ... InsertSLUTTY WHORES≤ non-formatted text here{| class=toccolours border=1 cellpadding=4 style=float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right; |+ United States Geological Survey |- |style= align=center colspan=2| [[Image:USGS logo. ... One of the Mono Craters, an example of a rhyolite dome. ... Homa Mountain, Kenya in 1994 Mount Edziza, British Columbia, Canada as seen from Stewart-Cassiar Highway An eruption of Pacaya, Guatemala in 1976 Mt. ... A sample of andesite (dark groundmass) with amygdaloidal vesicules filled with zeolite. ... In geology, the term clastic refers to sediments formed from fragments of pre-existing rock. ... This article is about Katmai, the volcano. ... Robert Fiske Griggs was a botanist who led a 1916 National Geographic Society expedition to observe the aftermath of the Katmai volcanic eruption. ... Burr Point is the Ireland. ... This article is about Katmai, the volcano. ...

The hummocky deposits on Augustine's lower flanks resemble both topographically and lithologically those of the great landslide or debris avalanche that initiated the spectacular May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. The deposit of that landslide revealed the origin of coarse diamicts with hummocky topography at other strato volcanic cones. Since 1980 many hummocky coarsely fragmental deposits on Augustine's lower flanks have come to be interpreted as deposits of numerous great landslides and debris avalanches. is the 138th day of the year (139th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... For the mountain in California, see Mount Saint Helena. ... In geology, diamicton (also diamict) is a massive, very poorly sorted sediment. ...

Recent eruptions

Thermal image after the January 2006 eruptions. White parts of the image are warmer than dark areas.

A March 27, 1986 eruption deposited ash over Anchorage and disrupted air traffic in southcentral Alaska. Image File history File links AugustineVolcano_ASTER_2006-02-01_annotated. ... Image File history File links AugustineVolcano_ASTER_2006-02-01_annotated. ... is the 86th day of the year (87th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ...

On January 11, 1994, Augustine erupted at 13:44 & 14:13 UTC. is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ...

In mid-December 2005 a sulfur dioxide-laden plume of steam, hundreds of miniature earthquakes and a new coating of ash over its currently snow-clad peak, taken together, suggested that Augustine was building to a new eruption, likely in 2006. [1] Sulfur dioxide (or Sulphur dioxide) has the chemical formula SO2. ...

On January 13, 2006, Augustine again burst at 12:55, 17:47, & 20:20 (and even carrying over into the early morning of January 14 at 01:40 & 03:58) UTC, with the first eruption of the day lasting some 44 minutes, and the second only around 4 minutes, 17 seconds. The eruptions produced a light cloud, sending a plume of ash and steam up into the stratosphere to at least 30,000 feet (9,100 meters), up to an unofficial level of 52,000 feet (15,849 meters). The days' eruptions caused many delays and some cancellations at nearby Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport. January 13 is the 13th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 14th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Atmosphere diagram showing stratosphere. ... Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport (IATA: ANC, ICAO: PANC, FAA LID: ANC)[2] is the major airport in the United States state of Alaska located 4 miles (6 km) southwest of downtown Anchorage. ...

On January 17, 2006, Alaska Volcano Observatory recorded a strong seismic signal at 16:58 UTC lasting 5 minutes. It sent an ash plume approximately 45,000 feet (13.6 km) into the air. The seismic activity was equivalent to that noted for the events in the previous week. There were at least 2 flight disruptions, and light ashfall occurred at Seldovia, Port Graham, and Nanwalek. is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) is a joint program of the United States Geological Survey, the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska Fairbanks, and the State of Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys (ADGGS). ... A kilometre (American spelling: kilometer) (symbol: km) is a unit of length equal to 1000 metres (from the Greek words khilia = thousand and metro = count/measure). ... Seldovia is a city located in Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska. ... Port Graham is a census-designated place located in Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska. ... Nanwalek is an unincorporated community and census-designated place located in Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska. ...

On January 28, 2006 the Alaska Volcano Observatory recorded explosive eruptions at 0524, 0837, 1104, and 1642 UTC. These eruptions had respective durations of 9, 1, 2, and 3 minutes. Ash drifted southeast and northeast from these eruptions, and reached a maximum height of 30,000 feet (9,144 meters). At 2330 UTC a continuous ash emission event began, and continued through the night with plume heights of 30,000 feet. is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) is a joint program of the United States Geological Survey, the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska Fairbanks, and the State of Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys (ADGGS). ...

On January 29, 2006 National Weather Service Radar tracked an ash cloud at 14,000 feet (4,300 meters) drifting south toward Kodiak Island. Satellite observations revealed pyroclastic flows near the summit is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Pyroclastic flows sweep down the flanks of Mayon Volcano, Philippines, in 1984 Pyroclastic flows are a common and devastating result of some volcanic eruptions. ...

Current Activity

On September 22, 2007, the Alaska Volcano Observatory reported that shallow earthquake activity had increased over the week of September 22. However, the activity is less than its level during the months leading up to the 2005-2006 eruption. The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) is a joint program of the United States Geological Survey, the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska Fairbanks, and the State of Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys (ADGGS). ...

Sensor Networks

The Plate Boundary Observatory, operated by UNAVCO, (http://pbo.unavco.org) has a network of 10 high-precision GPS instruments on the flanks of Augustine. Activity last year claimed two of these sites. The Alaska Volcano Observatory (http://www.avo.alaska.edu) also operates a number of seismometers and tiltmeters all around the volcano, including four webcams.

References

• Augustine Island and West Island: Blocks 1070 thru 1073, Census Tract 1, Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska United States Census Bureau

External links

• Alaska Volcano Observatory
• Augustine activity
• Augustine Volcano Live Webcam
• Video sequence of January 29, 2006 event from Augustine Webcam
• Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program - Augustine
• NASA Images from December 2005
• Kenai, Alaska Doppler Weather Radar