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Augustus (plural augusti) is Latin for "majestic," "the increaser," or "venerable". The feminine form is Augusta. The Greek equivalent is sebastos, or a mere grecization (by changing of the ending) augustos. It is most associated with the first de facto emperor of the Roman state, Emperor Augustus; it subsequently came to be considered one of the titles of what we now call the Roman Emperors. After the fall of the empire the word was not uncommon as a name for men of aristocratic birth in Europe, especially in the lands of the Holy Roman Empire. Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ...
Augustus (plural augusti) is Latin for majestic or venerable. The feminin form is Augusta. ...
The Byzantine Empire had a complex system of aristocracy and bureaucracy. ...
An emperor is a (male) monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. ...
The famous statue of Octavian at the Prima Porta Caesar Augustus (Latin:IMP·CAESAR·DIVI·F·AVGVSTVS) ¹ (23 September 63 BC–19 August AD 14), known to modern historians as Octavian for the period of his life prior to 27 BC, is considered the first and one of the most...
The extent of the Holy Roman Empire in c. ...
==Origin and nature=='''nice rack, ass, and pussy'''
Although the use of the cognomen "Augustus" as part of one's name is generally understood to identify emperor Augustus, this is somewhat misleading; "Augustus" was the most significant name associated with the Emperor, but it did not actually represent any sort of constitutional office until the 3rd century under Diocletian. The Imperial dignity was not an ordinary office, but rather an extraordinary concentration of ordinary powers in the hands of one man; "Augustus" was the name that unambiguously identified that man. ...
Augustus (Latin: IMP•CAESAR•DIVI•F•AVGVSTVS;[1] September 23, 63 BC–August 19, AD 14), known as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (English Octavian; Latin: C•IVLIVS•C•F•CAESAR•OCTAVIANVS) for the period of his life prior to 27 BC, was the first and among the most important of...
- The first "Augustus" (and first man counted as a Roman Emperor) was Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, who was given that name by the Roman Senate on January 16, 27 BC; over the next forty years, Augustus (as he is now known) literally set the standard by which subsequent Emperors could be recognised, by accumulating various offices and powers and making his own name ("Augustus") identifiable with the consolidation of powers. Although the name signified nothing in constitutional theory, it was recognised as representing all the powers that Caesar Augustus had accumulated.
As princeps senatus (lit., "prince of the senate", "first man of the senate") he was the leader of the house in the Senate, presiding over the meetings and bringing forth motions before the body, equivalent to a modern day Prime Minister or American Speaker of the House; as pontifex maximus (lit. "high priest") he was the chief priest of the Roman state religion; as bearing consular imperium he had authority equal to the official chief executive (and eponymous) magistrates within Rome and as bearing imperium maius he had authority greater than theirs outside Rome (because of this, he outranked all provincial governors and was also supreme commander of all Roman legions); as bearing tribunicia potestas ("tribunician power") he had personal inviolability (sacrosanctitas) and the right to veto any act or proposal by any magistrate within Rome, acting as the chief officer for the general legislative body of the people. This concentration of powers became the ideal model, as presented by the surviving histories, by which all subsequent Emperors were to ruled Rome in theory (in practice this systematic and sophisticated theory gradually lost any resemblance to reality and completely collapsed in the III and IV centuries, when the Emperors became rather more reminiscent of oriental despots than "first among equals"). This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Augustus (Latin: IMP•CAESAR•DIVI•F•AVGVSTVS;[1] September 23, 63 BC–August 19, AD 14), known as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (English Octavian; Latin: C•IVLIVS•C•F•CAESAR•OCTAVIANVS) for the period of his life prior to 27 BC, was the first and among the most important of...
The Roman Senate (Latin: Senatus) was the main governing council of both the Roman Republic, which started in 509 BC, and the Roman Empire. ...
January 16 is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC - 20s BC - 10s BC 0s 10s 20s 30s Years: 32 BC 31 BC 30 BC 29 BC 28 BC 27 BC 26 BC 25 BC 24 BC 23 BC 22...
The princeps senatus (plural principes senatus) was the leader of the Roman senate. ...
A prime minister is the most senior minister of a cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ...
The term Speaker is usually the title given to the presiding officer of a countrys lower house of parliament or congress (ie: the House of Commons or House of Representatives). ...
Alternate meanings: see Pontifex (disambiguation) In Ancient Rome, the Pontifex Maximus was the high priest of the collegium of the Pontifices, the most august position in Roman religion, open only to a patrician, until 254 BC, when a plebeian first occupied this post. ...
Consul (abbrev. ...
Imperium can, in a broad sense, be translated as power. ...
In politics, authority (Latin auctoritas, used in Roman law as opposed to potestas and imperium) is often used interchangeably with the term power. However, their meanings differ. ...
An eponym is the name of a person, whether real or fictitious, which has (or is thought to have) given rise to the name of a particular place, tribe, discovery or other item. ...
Nickname: The Eternal City Motto: SPQR: Senatus PopulusQue Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area - City 1285 km² (580 sq mi) - Urban...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Ordinary Magistrates Extraordinary Magistrates Titles and Honors Emperor Politics and Law Tribune (from the Latin: tribunus; Greek form tribounos) was a title shared by several elected magistracies and other governmental and/or (para)military offices of the Roman Republic and Empire. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
// Overview Events 212: Constitutio Antoniniana grants citizenship to all free Roman men 212-216: Baths of Caracalla 230-232: Sassanid dynasty of Persia launches a war to reconquer lost lands in the Roman east 235-284: Crisis of the Third Century shakes Roman Empire 250-538: Kofun era, the first...
As a means of recording the passage of time, the 4th century was that century which lasted from 301 to 400. ...
- Octavian "Caesar Augustus" also set the standard by which Roman Emperors were named. The three titles used by the majority of Roman Emperors -- "imperator", "caesar" and "augustus" -- were all used personally by Caesar Augustus (he officially renamed himself "Imperator Caesar Augustus"); of these names, only "Augustus" was unique to the Emperor himself, as others could and did bear the titles "Imperator", and "Caesar" was the name of a clan within the Julian line (however, the Emperor's mother or wife could bear the name "Augusta"). It became customary for an Emperor-designate to adopt the name NN. Caesar (where NN. is the individual's personal name) or later NN. Nobilissimus Caesar ("NN. Most Noble Caesar"), and occasionally to be awarded the title Princeps Iuventutis ("First among the Youth"). Upon accession to the purple, the new Emperor usually adopted at least one of these titles and integrated it into their official name. Later Emperors took to inserting Pius Felix, "Pious and Blest", and Invictus, "Unconquered", into their personal names.
In this usage, by signifying the complete assumption of all Imperial powers, "Augustus" is roughly analogous to "Emperor", though a modern reader should be careful not to project onto the ancients a modern, monarchical understanding of what an emperor is. As noted, there was no constitutional office associated with the imperial dignity; the Emperor's personal authority (dignitas) and influence (auctoritas) derived from his position as princeps senatus, and his legal authority derived from his consulari imperium and tribunicia potestas; in Roman constitutional theory, one might consider "augustus" as being shorthand for "princeps senatus et pontifex maximus consulari imperio et tribuniciae potestate" (loosely, "Leader of the House and Chief Priest with Consular Imperium and Tribunician Power"). "Augustus" in and of itself signified that the individual in question had both the dignitas and auctoritas to hold these informal positions. The Latin word imperator was a title originally roughly equivalent to commander during the period of the Roman Republic. ...
Caesar (plural Caesars), Latin: Cæsar (plural Cæsares), is a title of imperial character. ...
An emperor is a (male) monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. ...
Auctoritas is the Latin origin of English authority. According to Benveniste [citation?], auctor (which also gives us English author) is derived from Latin augeó (to augment): The auctor is is qui auget, the one who augments the act or the juridical situation of another. ...
In many ways, "augustus" is comparable to the British dignity of prince; it is a personal title, dignity, or attribute rather than a title of nobility such as duke or king. The Emperor was most commonly referred to as princeps, though as time passed imperator or Caesar became more common terms. The term prince, from the Latin root princeps, is used for the member of the highest aristocracy. ...
A duke is a nobleman of a specific, high but nominal rank without an actual principality, e. ...
Women of the Imperial dynasty
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Originally, the title Augusta was only exceptionally bestowed on women of the Imperial dynasties: for these women it meant a fortification of their worldly power, and a status near to divinity. There was no qualification with higher prestige. Augustus (plural augusti) is Latin for majestic or venerable. The feminin form is Augusta. ...
The first woman to receive it was Livia Drusilla, by the last will of her husband Augustus (14 AD). Hence she was known as Julia Augusta. As much as Augustus was the model for all further Augusti, Julia Augusta was the model for all further Augustae (plural of Augusta). A model that included scheming for a son to become successor to the throne, and falling in disgrace under the new Emperor if the scheming had been successful. Livia Livia Drusa Augusta, Livia Drusilla, or Julia Augusta (58 BC-AD 29) was the wife of Caesar Augustus and the most powerful woman in Roman history, acting several times as regent and being Augustus faithful advisor. ...
Augustus (Latin: IMP•CAESAR•DIVI•F•AVGVSTVS;[1] September 23, 63 BC–August 19, AD 14), known as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (English Octavian; Latin: C•IVLIVS•C•F•CAESAR•OCTAVIANVS) for the period of his life prior to 27 BC, was the first and among the most important of...
Livia Livia Drusa Augusta, Livia Drusilla, or Julia Augusta (58 BC-AD 29) was the wife of Caesar Augustus and the most powerful woman in Roman history, acting several times as regent and being Augustus faithful advisor. ...
Agrippina minor, becoming "Augusta" under her last husband Claudius, would adhere to this model, being sent to death by her son Nero, a few years after he had become Emperor. Julia Vipsania Agrippina or Agrippina Minor (Latin for the younger) (November 6, 15/16-March, 59 AD), often called Agrippinilla to distinguish her from her mother, was the daughter of Germanicus and Agrippina Major. ...
For other persons named Claudius, see Claudius (disambiguation). ...
Nero[1] Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (December 15, 37 – June 9, 68), born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, also called Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus, was the fifth and last Roman Emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty (54–68). ...
If the honorific Augustus could be compared to the title of Prince in more modern societies, then Augusta would be more analogous to the British title of the Princess Royal, a title bestowed by the reigning monarch in rare cases, to a relative that received by this title prominence among other members of the royal household. Of course, it's only a partial comparison: Princess Royal was a title most often received by younger women, while Augusta was rather reserved for the aged - in this sense Augusta has something of the connotation of Queen Mother too. Further, the "akin to divinity" does not really translate in any of these moderner titles or understood honorifics. Princess Anne, the current Princess Royal Princess Royal is a style customarily (but not automatically) awarded by a British monarch to his or her eldest daughter. ...
The title Queen Mother is a title reserved for a widowed Queen consort whose son/daughter from that union is the reigning monarch. ...
In the divided Roman Empire Later, under the Tetrarchy, the rank of "augustus" referred to the two senior Emperors (in East and West), while "caesar" referred to the junior sub-Emperors. The Tetrarchs, a porphyry sculpture sacked from a Byzantine palace in 1204, Treasury of St. ...
The aforementioned three principal titles of the emperors -- "imperator", "caesar", and "augustus" -- were rendered as autokratôr, kaisar, and augustos (or sebastos) in Greek. The Greek title continued to be used in the Byzantine Empire until its extinction in 1453, although "sebastos" lost its Imperial exclusivity: persons who were not the Emperor could receive titles formed from "sebastos", and "autokratôr" became the exclusive title of the Emperor. An autocrat is generally speaking any ruler with absolute power; the term is now usually used in a negative sense (cf. ...
Byzantine Empire at its greatest extent c. ...
April 2 - Mehmed II begins his siege of Constantinople (Ä°stanbul). ...
Legacy The Latin title of the Holy Roman Emperors was usually "Imperator Augustus", which conveys the modern understanding of "emperor" rather than the original Roman sense (i.e., the "first citizen" of the Republic). Ironically, although the German word for "emperor" is "Kaiser", a clear derivative of "caesar", that was the only one of the three principal titles of the Latin- and Greek-speaking Roman Emperors that was not regularly used in Latin by the German-speaking Holy Roman Emperors. The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ...
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