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Encyclopedia > Australian architectural styles
An example of Gothic Revival, St. Paul's Cathedral in Melbourne, Australia
An example of Gothic Revival, St. Paul's Cathedral in Melbourne, Australia

Australian architectural styles have been basically exotic and derivative. Until recent times building styles were only slightly modified by climate, materials and skills. There was no indigenous architectural style or tradition to influence the ideas and knowledge that the British settlers brought with them when settling Australia from 1788. During the nineteenth century, Australian architects were inspired by developments in England. In the twentieth century, American and International influences dominated. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1026x2047, 1268 KB) Summary Photograph taken by Nick Carson in 2004. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1026x2047, 1268 KB) Summary Photograph taken by Nick Carson in 2004. ... Melbourne (pronounced either or [1]) is the state capital and largest city in the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-largest city in Australia, with a population of approximately 3. ... Building material is any material which is used for a construction purpose. ... This is a list of Australian architects. ...


Australian Architectural Styles can divided into 2 main categories: "Residential" and "Non-Residential". Residential styles are the most prolific and account for the majority of the buildings constructed in Australia.


Buildings were frequently heavily influenced by the origins of their patrons, hence while the British would like to be reminded of their Gothic churches and Tudoresque cottages of a perfect England, the Dutch, German, Polish, Greek, Italian and other nationalities would also attempt to recreate the architecture of their homelands too. See also Gothic art. ... The Tudor style, a term applied to the Perpendicular style, was originally that of the English architecture and decorative arts produced under the Tudor dynasty that ruled England from 1485 to 1603, characterized as an amalgam of Late Gothic style formalized by more concern for regularity and symmetry, with round... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification    - by Athelstan AD927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi   - Water (%) Population...

Contents


Residential Styles

Australian Residential Architectural Styles can generally be categorised as follows. There are overlaps between periods:

  • Pre-Colonial Period 30,000 BCE - 1788 CE
  • Old Colonial Period 1788 - c. 1840
    • Colonial 1788 - 1850
    • Georgian 1800 - 1850
    • Colonial Regency 1820 - 1860
    • Greek Revival 1830 - 1850
  • Victorian Period c. 1840 - c. 1890
    • Gothic Revival 1840 - 1880
    • Early Victorian 1845 - 1865
    • Mid Victorian 1865 - 1880
    • Late Victorian 1880 - 1900
    • Italianate 1865 - 1890
    • Boom Style 1885 - 1892
  • Federation period c. 1890 - c. 1915
    • Queen Ann 1885 - 1910
    • Edwardian/Federation 1895 - 1914
  • Inter-War Period c. 1915 - c. 1940
    • Californian Bungalow 1915 - 1940
    • Old English 1915 - 1940
    • Spanish Mission 1925 - 1939
    • Early Modern 1930 - 1940
  • Post-War Period c. 1940 - 1960
    • Waterfall (Inc. Art Deco) 1940 - 1950
    • L-Shape 1945 - 1955
    • Triple Front (Cream Brick) 1950 - 1960
  • Late Twentieth Century 1960 - 2000
    • 1970's 1970 - 1980
    • 1980's (Eclectic) 1980 - 1990
  • Twenty-first century:
    • Federation Revival 1990 - 2000
    • Environmental 1995 -  ?
    • New Modern 2000 -  ?

Pre-Colonial Period 30,000 BCE - 1788 CE

A 19th century engraving of an indigenous Australian encampment, representing the indigenous mode of life in the cooler parts of Australia before the arrival of Europeans
A 19th century engraving of an indigenous Australian encampment, representing the indigenous mode of life in the cooler parts of Australia before the arrival of Europeans

The indigenous people of Australia are traditionally largely nomadic, ranging over an area, depending on the availability of particular foodstuffs that could be gathered at different times of the year. They managed the land through which they travelled by biennial burning-off which stunted the growth of forests and encourage grassland from which seed crops and kangaroos could be harvested. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1363x715, 913 KB) Summary illtion from Australia in the 1870s by Edwin Carton Booth, Virtue and Co, 1873 Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1363x715, 913 KB) Summary illtion from Australia in the 1870s by Edwin Carton Booth, Virtue and Co, 1873 Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...


The housing of the people first encountered by Europeans in the Sydney region was simple, shelters constructed of a semi-circle of stick, covered with large sheets of bark which could be conveniently stripped off melaleucca trees which grew profusely along waterways. Other types of simple structures were seen including lean-tos and in tropical regions raised sleeping platforms. Grass, leaves and reeds were used as a thatch where suitable bark was not available.


In the 1840s, the Victorian Protector of Aborigines, George Augustus Robertson described dry-stone dwellings in which the aboriginal people of Western Victoria lived in family groups or villages. His drawings passed into the Mitchell Library where they have been virtually ignored for 140 years by White Australians who have maintained the mistaken impression that all indigenous people were nomadic hunters and gatherers, that they did not manage the land that sustained them and that there were certainly nothing that one could describe as a permanent settlement. In fact, the stone dwellings of the Tasmanian Aboriginal people were known to the White settlers, but the knowledge was largely ignored, along with the brutal suppression and murder of Tasmania’s people. [1]


The Aboriginal people also built dry-stone Fish Traps, of which the most extensive, ranging over 500 metres, is on the Barwon River at Brewarrina. Its age is unknown. It has been maintained and rebuilt after floods many times and is said traditionally to have been given to the local tribes by the Creator Spirit.


It appears that in conjunction with such catchment schemes, there may have also been nearby sedentary settlements of people who maintained them. There is evidence at Lake Condah in Victoria of houses in conjunction with eel traps dating back about 8,000 years.


In January 2006, bushfires uncovered another nearby site of a village of stone houses that are large enough to have provided sleeping space for several families. [2]


Old Colonial Period 1788 - c. 1840

The first buildings of the British penal settlement in Sydney were a prefabricated house for the Governor and a similarly prefabricated Government Store to house the colony's supplies. Sydney was a tent settlement. Building anything more substantial was made unnecessarily difficult by the poor quality of spades and axes that had been provided and the shortage of nails. The convicts were able to adapt simple country techniques commonly used for animal shelters and the locally-available materials to create huts with wattle and daub walls. So useful were the local accacia trees for weaving shelters that they were given the name Wattle. Two roofing materials were available- there were extensive reed beds near the Cook's river for thatching and bark which could be peeled off a number of the indigenous trees in large sheets. Methods of heating and flattening the bark were used by the Aboriginal people. The resilient bark from the Iron-bark tree was adapted as a major building material everywhere that such trees grew. It was widely used as a roofing material, was weatherproof, insulating and could last for thirty years. Houses of axe-hewn slabs with Iron-bark roofs continued to be built in rural Australia until WWII. Wattle has several meanings: In engineering terms, originally wattle referred collectively to the flexible rods, branches or twigs from various plants woven together to make fences, walls and roofs (see wattle-and-daub). ...


At the time of the first settlement, Georgian architecture was the architectural vernacular in Britain. Craftsmen, including carpenters and plasterers were trained in the classic proportions associated with the Palladian style fashionable across Europe. A Georgian house in Salisbury Georgian architecture at Royal Crescent, Bath, seen from a hot air balloon. ... Palladian architecture is a European style of architecture derived from the designs of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580). ...


The early 18th century Colonial architecture in Australia was at first heavily influenced (as was architecture in Europe) by the Palladian revival ideals, later as elsewhere this was influenced by the neoclassical movement which began in Europe circa 1760, and slowly spread across what was regarded as the "civilized" world until it eventually reached Australia. Neoclassicism incorporated not only Greek influences but also Ancient Egyptian motifs. Lazienkowski Palace in Warsaw The neoclassical movement that produced Neoclassical architecture began in the mid-18th century, as a reaction against both the surviving Baroque and Rococo styles, and as a desire to return to the perceived purity of the arts of Rome, the more vague perception (ideal) of Ancient... Khafres Pyramid (4th dynasty) and Great Sphinx of Giza (c. ... In art, a motif is a repeated idea, pattern, image, or theme. ...


The buildings erected in the first 50 years of Australian settlement were simple and plain. Convict huts, marine barracks, government stores and houses for officials were simple rectangular prisms covered with hipped or gabled roofs. Local wood was hard and difficult to work. Wattle and daub was formed from thin saplings and mud. Some pipe clay was obtained from the coves around Port Jackson. Bricks were fired in wood fires and were therefore soft. Lime for cement was obtained by burning oyster shells. Sydney Opera House and Sydney Harbour Bridge located on Port Jackson Port Jackson, also known as Sydney Harbour, is the natural harbour of Sydney, Australia. ...

Sydney in about 1828, looking north over Hyde Park, Sydney towards the harbour.
Sydney in about 1828, looking north over Hyde Park, Sydney towards the harbour.
Adelaide in 1839, looking south-east from North Terrace
Adelaide in 1839, looking south-east from North Terrace

Colonial is the name given to some of the earliest types of housing to be built on the then, newly discovered Australian soil. Local materials were used as nothing but corrugated iron was imported from overseas and even this iron was not intentionally bought to Australia for use as a building material. Logs, tree branches and wattle and daub were used for the walls. Mud brick or stone were also used. Windows were usually small panes of glass. The layout was symmetrical, and very simple, usually containing only 2 to 4 rooms, however, the Colonial style later incorporated detached fireplaces, a central hallway, and verandahs to 3 sides of the building. Sydney, about 1828, looking north over Hyde Park, Sydney towards the harbour. ... Sydney, about 1828, looking north over Hyde Park, Sydney towards the harbour. ... Hyde Park is a large park in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, named after the original Hyde Park, London. ... Sydney Opera House and Sydney Harbour Bridge located on Port Jackson Port Jackson, also known as Sydney Harbour, is the natural harbour of Sydney, Australia. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1460x1156, 384 KB)Adelaide, North Terrace 1839, looking south-east. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1460x1156, 384 KB)Adelaide, North Terrace 1839, looking south-east. ... 1839 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... North Terrace, Adelaide - Cultural Precinct Adelaide in 1839 as viewed south-east from North Terrace North Terrace is a street in Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia. ... Corrugated iron is a building material made by taking sheet iron or steel and pressing it into corrugations to give the flat sheet stiffness without the need for a frame. ... Wattle has several meanings: In engineering terms, originally wattle referred collectively to the flexible rods, branches or twigs from various plants woven together to make fences, walls and roofs (see wattle-and-daub). ... A Mudbrick is an unfired brick made of clay. ...


As squatters did not have title to their land, potentially moving on after two years, they tended to build only bark huts. Hence, little survives into the twenty first century of rural residential architecture. The Chien Rouge in Lausanne, a squat held in the old hospital. ...


As the Australian economy developed and settlements became more established, more sophisticated buildings emerged.


In Victoria, the port towns of Portland and Port Fairy retain some excellent examples of colonail architecture, whilst the river town of Warrandyte once contained some of the best examples of the style, however, the majority if not all of these surviving buildings have been destroyed by bush fires that have plagued the town for over a century. Location of Portland in Victoria (red) The town of Portland () is the oldest European settlement in what is now the state of Victoria, Australia. ... Port Fairy is a coastal town in Victoria, Australia, located on the Princes Highway, 28 kilometres west of the Warrnambool, 290 kilometres west of Melbourne, in the Moyne Shire. ... Warrandyte is an outlying semi-rural suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 24km east-north-east of the Melbourne central business district. ... Backburning in Townsville, Australia to prevent bushfires. ...


Regency, Grecian and Gothic Picturesque were the names of other styles from this period.

Victorian Period c. 1840 - c. 1890

Gothic Revival

1840 - 1880


The British Empire which at that time ruled Australia, was heavily influenced by the Anglican religion, which in turn was influenced by the 19th century teachings of the Oxford and Cambridge Movements which believed Gothic architecture to be the purest, truest form, and according to them, only way to achieve spiritual communication with God through architecture. Thus while a local magnate may have built his home in a classical style, he would fund a church in the Gothic style, thus during the 19th century, when Australia was expanding rapidly two forms of architecture were very evident - Gothic and the classically influenced styles. Originally Gothic was for God, and the classical for the man. Later a new "self made" Australian began to emerge, unhindered by a classical British education - dictating classical gentlemanly interests. This "new" self made man (like is contemporaries in England and America) would often choose Gothic as the design for his home. The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ... The term Anglican describes those people and churches following the religious traditions of the Church of England, especially following the Reformation. ... The Oxford Movement was a loose affiliation of High Church Anglicans, most of them members of the University of Oxford, who sought to demonstrate that the Church of England was a direct descendant of the Christian church established by the Apostles. ... The Cambridge Movement was an conservative ideological school of thought closely related to the Oxford Movement. ... See also Gothic art. ... For a wealthy or powerful business baron, executive, or tycoon, see business magnate Magnate is a title of nobility commonly used in Sweden, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and some other medieval empires. ...


The great Cathedrals of the Middle Ages during the Gothic Period of ecclesiastical architecture formed the inspiration for this particular Architectural style. Not only in residential buildings, but in many commercial structures and, Churches and Cathedrals built during this time. St. Paul's and St. Patrick's Cathedrals in Melbourne, Australia are excellent examples of the Gothic Revival Period. Often referred to as Victorian Gothic, deriving from the Victorian style Architectural name from a similar time period. Steeply pitched roofs often made of slate, Narrow doors and windows resolving in a classical Gothic pointed arch at their height,(known as lancet windows) diamond pane glazing to windows imitating a stained glass affect and intricate parapets, often of a religious nature bearing a cross resembling that of those atop Cathedrals and Churches. In non-terrace houses the drawing room was often pulled forward adding a bay window to the front of the dwelling. The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... 300pxSalisbury Cathedral completed circa 1265 in the Gothic style Holy Trinity Cathedral, Parnell, Auckland. ... Melbourne (pronounced either or [1]) is the state capital and largest city in the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-largest city in Australia, with a population of approximately 3. ... Lancet may refer to: A lancet is a medical instrument, similar to a scalpel but with a double-edged blade. ...


Early, Mid and Late Victorian

1845 - 1900 The Victorian Style in Australia can be divided into 3 periods to break up the whole; Early, Mid and Late. The period in its entirety stretches from 1837 to 1901 and was named after the then Queen of England, Queen Victoria. Early styles featured symmetrical layouts and façades, a centrally located front door and a hipped roof of corrugated iron, leading to a veranda on the façade. During the 1850s cast iron lacework came to Australia where it made its way on to Mid and Late Victorian Homes. With much the same floor plan as the Colonial Style, a central hallway with a standard 4 rooms. Weatherboards were used, however, larger homes had red brick and blue stone incorporated. Into the Mid Victorian Style the decoration began to gain popularity. The bull nosed Veranda roof was introduced, sidelights were added either side of the front door and terraced houses were springing up everywhere, containing parapets and detailed dividing walls between the property boundaries. Late Victorian Style homes had perhaps the most decorative features in all of the known Architectural styles to date, and it is often referred to as Boom Style. Towards the end of the Victorian era timber fretwork was being used more and more, which led into the Edwardian Style. The term Victorian architecture can refer to one of a number of architectural styles during the Victorian era: Neoclassicism Gothic Revival Italianate Second Empire Neo-Grec Romanesque Revival (Includes Richardsonian Revival) Renaissance Revival Queen Anne Jacobethan architecture (the precusor to the Queen Anne style) British Arts and Crafts movement painted... The British monarch or Sovereign is the monarch and head of state of the United Kingdom and its overseas territories, and is the source of all executive, judicial and (as the Queen-in-Parliament) legislative power. ... Victoria Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) (24 May 1819–22 January 1901) was a Queen of the United Kingdom, reigning from 20 June 1837 until her death. ... A street of British terraced housing In architecture and city planning, a terrace, rowhouse, or townhouse (United States) is a style of housing since the late 18th century where identical individual houses are cojoined into rows. ...


From the 1840s, a specific style of building emerged in Queensland. The Queenslander style of houses are identifiable by large verandahs and large double doors which open onto these verandahs, stilts rising the house above ground level (particularly in older houses), metal roofs typically of corrugated design and the houses are always constructed of mostly wood. Emblems: Faunal - Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus); Floral - Cooktown orchid (Dendrobium bigibbum); Bird - Brolga (Grus rubicunda); Aquatic - Barrier Reef Anemonefish (Amphiprion akindynos); Gem - Sapphire; Colour - Maroon Motto: Audax at Fidelis (Bold but Faithful) Slogan or Nickname: Sunshine State, Smart State Other Australian states and territories Capital Brisbane Government Const. ... Queenslander (or Old Queenslander) architecture is a form unique to Queensland. ...


Other names given for styles during this period have been Georgian, Regency, Egyptian, Academic Classical, Free Classical, Filligree, Mannerist, Second Empire, Italianate, Romanesque, Academic Gothic, Free Gothic, Tudor, Rustic Gothic and Carpenter Gothic. The Regency style of architecture refers primarily to buildings built in Britain during the period in the early 19th century when George IV of the United Kingdom was still Prince Regent, and also to later buildings following the same style. ... In Parmigianinos Madonna with the Long Neck (1534-40), Mannerism makes itself known by elongated proportions, affected poses, and eerie perspective. ... The canonical example of Second Empire style is the Opéra Garnier, in which Neo-Baroque meets Neo-Renaissance. ... Interior of the Saint-Saturnin church St-Sernin basilica, Toulouse, 1080 – 1120: elevation of the east end Romanesque sculpture, cloister of St. ...

Federation period c. 1890 - c. 1915

The principle styles of this period are: Queen Anne, Federation and Edwardian. Queen Anne can sometimes refer to houses loosely in the style of the arts and crafts movement, however, in Australian Architecture, it can also refer to some of the more elaborate Edwardian and Federation styles. Edwardian was named after King Edward (1901 - 1910) at the time, and the term Federation coincided with Australia becoming a nation of its own in 1901. The names all indicated very similar styles with features so minute separating them. Cream painted decorative timber features, tall chimneys and fretwork. Federation depicted a Tudor type look, especially on gables, and Edwardian gave a simpler cottage look. The Buttermans, the historic home of John Newman, the butter king, is one of several Queen Anne mansions in Elgin, Illinois The Queen Anne style of British and American architecture reached its greatest popularity in the last quarter of the 19th century, manifesting itself in a number of different ways... It has been suggested that Handicraft be merged into this article or section. ... Edward VII (Albert Edward) (9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, King of the Commonwealth Realms, and the Emperor of India. ... The federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia formed a federation. ... Fretwork is an interlaced decorative design that is either carved in low relief on a solid background, or cut out with a fretsaw, jigsaw or scrollsaw. ... Tudor usually relates to the Tudor period in English history, which refers to the period of time between 1485 and 1558/1603 when the Tudor dynasty held the English throne. ... gables may refer to: Gable (architecture) Coral Gables, Florida This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...


Other names given for styles during this period have been Academic Classical, Free Classical, Filligree, Anglo-Dutch, Romanesque, Gothic, Carpenter Gothic, Warehouse, Queen Anne, Free Style and Arts and Crafts

Inter-War Period c. 1915 - c. 1940

Styles which existed during the 1915-40 period include Georgian Revival, Academic Classical, Free Classical, Beaux-Arts, Stripped Classical, Commercial Palazzo, Mediterranean, Spanish Mission, Chicagoesque, Functionalist, Art-Dec, Skyscraper Gothic, Romanesque, Gothic and Old English.


Californian Bungalow

1915 - 1940 This style can almost instantly be recognised by the columns holding up a front veranda area. The name is almost self explanatory, bungalow, a country rugged type of home, and this led to the belief that picket fences looked their place as the front fence, however originally, they were never used. Darker colours were originally used however, as the years went by, new brighter paint served as a welcoming change to open up the spaces and brighten up the homes. Stone, brick and timber, earthy materials were used. A gable roof faced either the front or side always.

Spanish Mission

1925 - 1939 Distinctly recognised by twisted pylons to a porch area covering the front door, usually windows grouped in threes to the side of the front door area on simpler homes. The style was influenced by the American Spanish inhabitant influenced American Architectural styles. Walls were brick in accordance with council regulations at the time, with white or cream yellowish cream stucco finish, and Spanish terra cotta tiles. The Spanish Colonial Revival Style was an architectural movement that came about in the early 20th century after the opening of the Panama Canal and the overwhelming success of the novel Ramona. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Early Modern

1930 - 1940 A very modern looking style at the time, inspired by a German movement known as Bauhaus, representing functional and clinical architecture. Red or cream brick walls and concrete was also first seen. Steel-framed casement sashes, with larger panes of glass and terra cotta tiled roofs with a moderate pitch. The only featured part of the house included matching decorative front fences, and a featured roof affect. ņBauhaus is the common term for the Staatliches Bauhaus, an art and architecture school in Germany that operated from 1919 to 1933, and for the approach to design that it developed and taught. ... Terra cotta is a hard semifired waterproof ceramic clay used in pottery and building construction. ...


The Streamline Moderne style was a late branch of the Art Deco style. The style emphasized curving forms, long horizontal lines, and sometimes nautical elements, such as railings and porthole windows. This style was adopted into suburban architecture, most notably in the Waterfall style. Bathers building, now a Maritime Museum at San Franciscos Aquatic Park, 1937 Marine Air Terminal, LaGuardia Airport, 1939 Streamline Moderne, sometimes referred to by either name alone, was a late branch of the Art Deco style. ... Asheville City Hall. ...

*Post-War Period c. 1940 - 1960

Austerity

The Austerity style reflects the lack of availability of building materials and labour in the years following World War II


Waterfall (Art Deco)

1940 - 1950


Fashionable modern houses of the thirties in the Streamline Moderne style were sometimes described as being like ocean liners, with walls, windows and balconies all sweeping around corners. By the 1940s these details were entrenched into suburban designs. The 'Waterfall' or 'Waterfall Front' style came to be known as such from the use of descending curves in chimneys, fence pillars and other vertical elements. Robin Boyd, the Australian architect and writer, noted that three was 'the key to decorative smartness'; three steps usually being used for the waterfall effect and featured parallel lines were often in threes. Bathers building, now a Maritime Museum at San Franciscos Aquatic Park, 1937 Marine Air Terminal, LaGuardia Airport, 1939 Streamline Moderne, sometimes referred to by either name alone, was a late branch of the Art Deco style. ... Robin Boyd (1917 - 1971) was an influential Australian architect, writer, teacher and social commentator, the foremost Australian proponent for the International Modern Movement in architecture. ...


Defining features of houses from this period are curved corner windows, including Venetian blinds, some rare examples of which are curved. With a slightly steeper pitched roof than the Early Modern Style, this style was generally of brick veneer cream brick but also could have dark brown glazed feature brickwork incorporated into the external walls, and under windowsills. Chimneys were either stepped or plain, and together with the round windows perhaps gave meaning to the "Waterfall" name.


Ecclesiastical, International, Melbourne Regional, Brisbane Regional and American Colonial were also styles which existed in the period 1940-1960.

International Style

The Rose Seidler House built by Harry Seidler for his parents between 1948 and 1950 in Sydney incorporated Modernist features of open planning, a minimal colour scheme, and labour saving devices that were new to Australia at the time. The house won the Sir John Sulman Medal in 1951 and is today preserved as a museum as a very influential house.[1] Harry Seidler (born 1923) is an Austrian-born architect who works in Australia and is considered to be one of the leading architects of the modern movement there and the first architect to fully express the principles of the Bauhaus in Australia. ... The Sir John Sulman Medal is an New South Wales architectural prize presented by the Royal Australian Institute of Architects (NSW Chapter) and was first awarded in 1932. ...


After the second World War, architects in Australia were influenced by the development of the International style of architecture. Some regional variations developed. In Melbourne, Robin Boyd and Roy Grounds articulated a Melbourne interpretation of the modern style. Boyd's book Victorian Modern (1947) traced the history of architecture in the state of Victoria and described a style of architecture that he hoped would be a response to local surroundings as well as the popular international style. In particular he nominated the work of Roy Grounds and in some outer suburban bush houses of the 1930s as being the early stages of such a style. Grounds and Boyd later worked in partnership. This article is becoming very long. ... The Weissenhof Estate in Stuttgart, Germany (1927) The Weissenhof Estate in Stuttgart, Germany (1930) The International style was a major architectural trend of the 1920s and 1930s. ... Robin Boyd (1917 - 1971) was an influential Australian architect, writer, teacher and social commentator, the foremost Australian proponent for the International Modern Movement in architecture. ... Sir Roy Burman Grounds (18 December, 1905 - 7 March, 1981) was one of Australias leading architects of the modern movement. ...


The houses were typically narrow, linear, and single storey with a low pitched gable roof. They had exposed rafters and wide eaves. Walls were generally bagged or painted brick and windows were large areas of glass with regularly spaced timber mullions. [3]

L-Shape

1945 - 1955


This style represented a change in the overall floor plan, the plan resembling a large "L" Shape. Usually with gabled ends to the L, with terra cotta tiles still being used, as concrete tiles didn’t appear until the late 1960’s. Timber or steel framed windows were used, and front facing fences resembled the house, much the same as had been seen since the Early Modern Period. Terra cotta is a hard semifired waterproof ceramic clay used in pottery and building construction. ... Pouring a concrete floor for a commercial building, (slab-on-grade) Installing rebar in a floor slab during a concrete pour In construction, concrete is a composite building material made from the combination of aggregate and a cement binder. ...


Triple Front (Cream Brick)

1950 - 1960s Distinctly recognisable by their front facing walls have 3 and sometimes even 4 front facing falls. This led to the front entrance sometimes brought round to the side within one of the alcoves created by the multiple fronts. Roofs were medium pitched and hipped with concrete tiles being used towards the end of the style in the late 60’s. Front fences had a castellated top and feature piers raised above the top of the rest of the brick fence. Decorative iron was used very minimally, in gates to driveways, and balustrades to entrances. Pouring a concrete floor for a commercial building, (slab-on-grade) Installing rebar in a floor slab during a concrete pour In construction, concrete is a composite building material made from the combination of aggregate and a cement binder. ... Crenellation (or crenelation, also known as castellation) is the name for the distinctive pattern that frames the tops of the walls of many medieval castles, often called battlements. ... General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Atomic mass 55. ...

Late Twentieth Century 1960 - 2000

Styles which existed in the late twentieth century include Stripped Classical, Ecclesiastical, International, Organic, Sydney Regional, Perth Regional, Adelaide Regional, Tropical, Brutalist, Structural, Late Modern, Post Modern, Australian Nostalgic and Immigrants' Nostalgic


Non-Residential Styles

Australian architectural style classification taken from Apperley, Irving and Reynolds (1989):


Old Colonial Period 1788 - c. 1840

  • Old Colonial Georgian; Old Colonial Regency; Old Colonial Grecian; Old Colonial Gothic Picturesque

Georgian

Regency

Grecian

Gothic Picturesque

Victorian Period c. 1840 - c. 1890

15 styles all prefaced by "Victorian":

Georgian, Regency, Egyptian, Academic Classical, Free Classical, Filligree, Mannerist, Second Empire, Italianate, Romanesque, Academic Gothic, Free Gothic, Tudor, Rustic Gothic, Carpenter Gothic

Georgian

Regency

Egyptian

Academic Classical

Free Classical

Filligree

Mannerist

Notable examples in Australia include: Culwulla Chambers (Sydney); Former Rocks Police Station (Sydney); Block Arcade (Melbourne); Stalbridge Chambers (Melbourne), National Bank Pall Mall (Bendigo); RESI Chambers (Melbourne); Medley Hall (Carlton, Victoria); Former Money Order Post Office and Savings Bank (Melbourne); Mutual Store (Melbourne); In Parmigianinos Madonna with the Long Neck (1534-40), Mannerism makes itself known by elongated proportions, affected poses, and eerie perspective. ...

Second Empire

Main article: Second Empire

Notable examples include: Sydney Town Hall (Sydney); Hotel Windsor (Melbourne); Princess Theatre (Melbourne); Former Records Office (Melbourne); Melbourne General Post Office (Melbourne); Melbourne Town Hall (Melbourne); Royal Exhibition Building (Carlton, Victoria); Collingwood Town Hall (Collingwood, Victoria); South Melbourne Town Hall (South Melbourne, Victoria); Malvern Town Hall (Malvern, Victoria); Former Rechabite Hall (Phahran, Victoria); Brunswick Town Hall (Brunswick, Victoria); Camberwell Town Hall (Camberwell, Victoria); Bendigo Town Hall (Bendigo, Victoria); Shamrock Hotel (Bendigo Victoria); Bendigo Courthouse (Bendigo, Victoria); Bendigo Post Office (Bendigo, Victoria); Institute of Technology (Bendigo, Victoria); Queensland Parliament House (Brisbane) The canonical example of Second Empire style is the Opéra Garnier, in which Neo-Baroque meets Neo-Renaissance. ...

Italianate

Romanesque

Academic Gothic

Free Gothic

Tudor

Rustic Gothic

Carpenter Gothic

Federation Period c. 1890 - c. 1915

12 styles, each style name prefaced by "Federation":

Academic Classical, Free Classical, Filligree, Anglo-Dutch, Romanesque, Gothic, Carpenter Gothic, Warehouse, Queen Anne, Free Style, Arts and Crafts, Bungalow

Academic Classical

Free Classical

Notable examples include: Queen Victoria Building (Sydney); Sydney Hospital (Sydney); Taronga Zoo Pavillion (Sydney); Sydney Central Station (Sydney); Flinders Street Station (Melbourne); Sacred Heart Church (St Kilda, Victoria); Read's Emporium (Prahran, Victoria); Old Royal Hotel (Williamstown, Victoria); Former Queensland Lands Administration Building (Brisbane)

Filligree

Ango-Dutch

Romanesque

Gothic

Carpenter Gothic

Warehouse

Queen Anne

Free Style

Arts and Crafts

Bungalow

Inter-War Period c. 1915 - c. 1940

16 styles, each style name prefaced by "Inter-War":

Georgian Revival, Academic Classical, Free Classical, Beaux-Arts, Stripped Classical, Commercial Palazzo, Mediterranean, Spanish Mission, Chicagoesque, Functionalist & Moderne, Art-Deco, Skyscraper Gothic, Romanesque, Interwar Gothic, Old English, California Bungalow

Georgian Revival

Academic Classical

Free Classical

Beaux Arts

Stripped Classical

Commercial Palazzo

Mediterranean

Art Deco

Skyscraper Gothic

Chicagoesque

Interwar Gothic

Old English

Functionalist & Moderne

The functionist and moderne style often used combinations of blonde and brown bricks in linear vertical or horizontal patterns. Notable examples include: Museum of Contemporary Art (Sydney); Captain's Flat Hotel (NSW); Russell Street Police Headquarters (Melbourne); Astor Theatre (St Kilda, Victoria); Ballarat Law Courts (Ballarat);

Post-War Period c. 1940 - 1960

5 styles, each style name prefaced by "Post-War":

Ecclesiastical, International, Melbourne Regional, Brisbane Regional, American Colonial

Late Twentieth Century Period 1960 - 2000

14 styles, each style name prefaced by "Late Twentieth Century":

Stripped Classical, Ecclesiastical, International, Organic, Brutalist, Structuralist, Late Modern, Post Modern, Immigrants' Nostalgic

Stripped Classical

Ecclesiastical

International

Organic

Brutalist

Notable examples include: The Masonic Centre (Sydney); AAPT Centre (Sydney); Sydney University Law School (Sydney); Cameron Offices (Canberra); High Court of Australia (Canberra); State Library of Queensland (Brisbane); Queensland Performing Arts Centre (Brisbane); Law Courts (Brisbane); Suncorp-Metway Plaza (Brisbane); National Gallery of Victoria (Melbourne); Total carpark (Melbourne); World Trade Center (Melbourne); Harold Holt Memorial Swimming Pool (Malvern, Victoria); St Kilda Public Library (St Kilda, Victoria); Plumbing Trades Employees Union of Australia Building (Melbourne); University of Melbourne Faculty of Engineering (Melbourne); Metropolitan Fire Brigade (East Melbourne, Victoria); R.A.W. Woodgate Centre (Kew, Victoria) Brutalism is an architectural style that spawned from the modernist architectural movement and which flourished from the 1950s to the 1970s. ...

Structuralist

Late Modern

Post Modern

Deconstructivism

Immigrant's Nostalgic

21st Century Architecture

Deconstructivism

Main article: Deconstructivism

Post Modernism

Structuralism

Advanced structuralism facilitated by Computer Aided Design This article is about computer-aided design. ...

Modern (Geometrical)

See also

Commons logo
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Architecture of Australia

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... This is a list of Australian architects. ...

References

  1. ^ The First Houses in Australia
  2. ^ The World Today
  3. ^ Martin Miles (2006). The post-war Melbourne regional style. Modernist residential architecture in Canberra. canberrahouse.com. Retrieved on 2006-02-06.
  • Apperly, Richard, Robert Irving, Peter Reynolds (1989). A pictorial guide to identifying Australian architecture, Paperback, 1994, Sydney,Australia: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-207-18562-X.
  • Ulrike Laule, Rolf Toman, Achim Bednorz - Architecture of the Middle Ages - Background to the Gothic Revival style.
  • George Wilkie - Building Your Own Home - Section on Architectural Styles
  • http://www.geocities.com/asiedydd/styles.htm
  • http://www.canberrahouse.com.au/organic.html
  • http://www.canterbury.nsw.gov.au/library/resource/resthous.htm#styles

2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... February 6 is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...

External links

  • Photo of St Paul's Cathedral taken from the steps of Flinders Street Station


 
 

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