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Encyclopedia > Australian beer
A bottling machine being used in 1945.
A bottling machine being used in 1945.

Australian beer is mostly now lager[citation needed]. Although Australia was settled predominantly by the British, it was found that, before the availability of modern temperature control systems, the brewing, distribution and storage of British style ale was difficult in many parts of Australia due to high summer temperatures and often sudden day-to-day weather changes in Southern parts of the continent. The introduction of refrigeration lent itself to lager production, as well as enabling beer to be served cold. Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Lager is a well attenuated beer brewed in cool conditions using a slow-acting brewers yeast, known as a bottom-fermenting yeast, and then stored (or lagered) for a period in cool conditions to clear away particles and certain flavour compounds to produce a clean taste. ... A 16th century brewer A 21st century brewer This article concerns the production of alcoholic beverages. ... For other uses, see Ale (disambiguation). ... Refrigeration is the process of removing heat from an enclosed space, or from a substance, and rejecting it elsewhere for the primary purpose of lowering the temperature of the enclosed space or substance and then maintaining that lower temperature. ...


The oldest brewery still in operation is the Cascade Brewery, established in Tasmania in 1824. The Cascade Brewery, with Mount Wellington in the background Cascade Brewery is the oldest brewery in Australia. ... Slogan or Nickname: Island of Inspiration; The Apple Isle; Holiday Isle Motto(s): Ubertas et Fidelitas (Fertility and Faithfulness) Other Australian states and territories Capital Hobart Government Constitutional monarchy Governor William Cox Premier Paul Lennon (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 5  - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05)  - Product... 1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...


The majority of the large Australian breweries are now owned by the conglomerates Foster's Group and Lion Nathan. Coopers is the only large brewery that is still privately owned. Fosters Group is a beer group with interests in brewing, wine-making and soft drinks. ... Lion Nathan ASX: LNN NZX: LNN is an Australian based group of breweries, operating in Australia, New Zealand and China. ... Coopers Brewery is an Australian company, publicly owned but not listed with a stock exchange. ...


Despite its heavy international presence, the so-called original Australian beer, Foster's Lager, has relatively low appeal throughout Australia.[1] Fosters Lager is an internationally distributed Australian brand of beer. ...

Contents

Early history[2]

The history of Australian beer starts very early in Australia’s colonial history. Captain Cook brought beer with him on his ship Endeavour as a means of preserving drinking water. On 1 August 1768 as Captain Cook was fitting out the Endeavour for its voyage, Nathaniel Hulme wrote to Joseph Banks recommending that he take - This article is about the British explorer. ... For clothing store, see JoS. A. Bank Clothiers. ...

"a quantity of Molasses and Turpentine, in order to brew Beer with, for your daily drink, when your Water becomes bad. … [B]rewing Beer at sea will be peculiarly useful in case you should have stinking water on board; for I find by Experience that the smell of stinking water will be entirely destroyed by the process of fermentation."

Letter to Joseph Banks 1768

Beer was still being consumed on board 2 years later in 1770 when Cook was the first European to discover the east coast of Australia.


Although beer is now the most popular alcoholic drink in Australia, this was not always the case. The drink of choice for the first settlers and convicts was rum Caribbean rum, circa 1941 Rum is a distilled beverage made from sugarcane by-products such as molasses and sugarcane juice by a process of fermentation and distillation. ...

Cut yer name across me backbone
Stretch me skin across yer drum
Iron me up on Pinchgut Island
From now to Kingdom Come.
I'll eat yer Norfolk Dumpling
Like a juicy Spanish plum,
Even dance the Newgate Hornpipe
If ye'll only gimme Rum!
Traditional Convict Song.

Rum was so popular, and official currency in such short supply, that for a time it became a semi-official currency (see Rum corps) and even led to a short-lived military coup, the Rum rebellion in 1808. The New South Wales Corps (also known as the Rum Corps and the Botany Bay Rangers) were the first foot soldiers to serve in Australia, in the then colony of New South Wales. ... This article is about the Australian rebellion. ...


Drunkenness was an enormous problem in the early colony.

"Drunkenness was a prevailing vice. Even children were to be seen in the streets intoxicated. On Sundays, men and women might be observed standing round the public-house doors, waiting for the expiration of the hours of public worship in order to continue their carousing. As for the condition of the prison population, that, indeed, is indescribable. Notwithstanding the sever punishment for sly grog selling, it was carried on to a large extent. Men and women were found intoxicated together, and a bottle of brandy was considered to be cheaply bought for 20 lashes... All that the vilest and most bestial of human creatures could invent and practise, was in this unhappy country invented and practised without restraint and without shame"

Marcus Clarke - For the Term of His Natural Life, 1867 Marcus Andrew Hislop Clarke (24 April 1846—2 August 1881) was an Australian novelist and poet, best known for his novel For the Term of his Natural Life. ...

As a means of reducing drunkenness, beer was promoted as a safer and healthier alternative to rum.

"The introduction of beer into general use among the inhabitants would certainly lessen the consumption of spirituous liquors. I have therefore in conformity with your suggestion taken measures for furnishing the colony with a supply of ten tons of Porter, six bags of hops, and two complete sets of brewing materials."

Lord Hobart in a letter to Governor Philip King on 29 August 1802 Philip Gidley King Naval pioneer and colonial governor Captain Philip Gidley King RN (23 April 1758 – 3 September 1808) was an English naval officer and colonial administrator. ...

The first (official) brewer in Australia was John Boston who brewed a beverage from Indian corn bittered with cape gooseberry leaves. It is likely though that beer was brewed unofficially much earlier. The first pub, the Mason Arms was opened in 1796 in Parramatta by James Larra a freed convict. This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...


It is worth noting here that although Australian beer today is predominantly lager, early Australian beer was exclusively Ale. Lager was not brewed in Australia until 1885. Early beers were also brewed without the benefit of hops as no one had successfully cultivated them in Australia and importation was difficult. James Squire was the first to successfully cultivate hops in 1804. The Government Gazette from 1806 mentions that he was awarded a cow from the government herd for his efforts. Squire also opened a pub and brewed beer though an epitaph on a gravestone in Parramatta churchyard casts some doubt on the quality of the product – For other uses, see Ale (disambiguation). ... Lager is a well attenuated beer brewed in cool conditions using a slow-acting brewers yeast, known as a bottom-fermenting yeast, and then stored (or lagered) for a period in cool conditions to clear away particles and certain flavour compounds to produce a clean taste. ... The Rev. ...

YE WHO WISH TO LIE HERE
DRINK SQUIRE’S BEER!

In September 1804 a government owned brewery opened in Parramatta followed by a rival privately owned brewery 3 months later. The government brewery was sold 2 years later to Thomas Rushton who was its head brewer. That Parramatta brewery remains the only government run brewery ever operated in Australia. Brewing rapidly expanded in all the Australian colonies. By 1871 there were 126 breweries in Victoria alone which at the time had a population of only 800,000. VIC redirects here. ...


Some notable events from this period include –

  • 1824 – Peter Degraves starts the Cascade brewery in Tasmania. The brewery is still operating and is Australia’s oldest surviving brewery.
  • 1835 – Tooth brewery is established in Sydney
  • 1836 – John Warren starts South Australia's first brewery
  • 1837 – James Stokes establishes Western Australia's first brewery. This will later become the Emu brewery.
  • 1838 – Mr Moss establishes the first brewery in Melbourne.
  • 1862 – Thomas Cooper establishes the Coopers Brewery. The brewery is still operated by the Cooper family and is Australia’s largest independent brewery.
  • 1864 – Carlton brewery opens in Melbourne
  • 1885 – Gambrinus brewery in Melbourne becomes the first brewery in Australia to brew Lager.
  • 1887 – The Fosters brothers arrive from New York with refrigeration equipment and establish the first Lager brewery to use refrigeration in Australia.
  • 1889 – Lager is first brewed in Queensland at the Castlemaine and Quinlan brewery.

By 1900 the number of breweries had begun to dwindle as a result of the recession of the 1890s. In 1901, just after Federation, the new federal government passed the Beer and Excise act. This act regulated the making and selling of beer and made homebrewing illegal. The provisions in this act, regarded by many as draconian, lead to the closure of many breweries. 16 of Sydney’s 21 breweries closed either immediately after the acts introduction or soon afterwards. The remaining breweries began a process of consolidation with larger breweries buying out the smaller ones. With in a short time there were only 2 breweries remaining in Sydney – Tooths and Tooheys. In Melbourne, 5 breweries merged in 1907 to form the giant Carlton and United Breweries. Tooths era label of KB Lager, one of their most popular beers Tooth and Co. ... This article is about the metropolitan area in Australia. ... For the song, see South Australia (song). ... Slogan or Nickname: Wildflower State or the Golden State Other Australian states and territories Capital Perth Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Ken Michael Premier Alan Carpenter (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 15  - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2005-06)  - Product ($m)  $107,910 (4th)  - Product per capita  $53,134/person... This article is about the Australian city; the name may also refer to City of Melbourne or Melbourne city centre (also known as The CBD). ... Coopers Brewery is an Australian company, publicly owned but not listed with a stock exchange. ... On 1 January 1901 the Australian nation emerged as a federation. ... Tooheys is an Australian brewery in the suburb of Lidcombe, New South Wales in Sydney, New South Wales. ... Carlton and United Breweries is an Australian brewing company based in Abbotsford, Melbourne, Victoria. ...


This process continues today with only two companies – Lion Nathan and the Foster's Group owning every major brewery in Australia with the exception of Coopers which is still family run, Boag's having only recently been sold to Lion Nathan, previously owned by San Miguel. Lion Nathan ASX: LNN NZX: LNN is an Australian based group of breweries, operating in Australia, New Zealand and China. ... Fosters Group is a beer group with interests in brewing, wine-making and soft drinks. ... Boags Brewery is a brewery run by J. Boag & Sons and is located in Launceston, Tasmania, Australia. ... San Miguel Corporation (PSE: SMC and SMCB) is the largest publicly listed food, beverage and packaging company in the Philippines. ...


Brands by region

Before federation in 1901, Australia was a group of separate colonies, each with different laws regulating the production and sale of alcohol. In addition, until the late 1880s when the rail network began to link the capital cities together, the only means of transporting foods in bulk between the colonies was by sea. This prevented even the largest breweries from distributing significant amounts outside their home city. This allowed strong regional brands to emerge and although all but one of the major regional brands (Coopers) are now owned by multinational companies, loyalty to the 'local' brewery remains strong today. This article is part of the history of rail transport by country series Following the British model, Australians generally assumed in the 1850s that railways would be built by the private sector. ... Coopers Brewery is an Australian company, publicly owned but not listed with a stock exchange. ...

In recent years, mixing of beer tastes due to a more mobile population, major campaigns by the larger breweries to spread their brands outside their home state and the growth of the ‘premium’ beer market have started to erode the traditional loyalties. Despite this, the brand loyalties are still strong with only Tooheys and Victoria Bitter gaining any significant market share outside their home state. NSW redirects here. ... Tooheys is an Australian brewery in the suburb of Lidcombe, New South Wales in Sydney, New South Wales. ... Slogan or Nickname: Sunshine State, Smart State Motto(s): Audax at Fidelis (Bold but Faithful) Other Australian states and territories Capital Brisbane Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Quentin Bryce Premier Anna Bligh (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 28  - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05)  - Product ($m)  $158,506 (3rd... XXXX (pronounced four-ex) is a brand of beers brewed in Milton, Brisbane by Queensland brewers, Castlemaine Perkins. ... For the song, see South Australia (song). ... Lion Nathan ASX: LNN NZX: LNN is an Australian based group of breweries, operating in Australia, New Zealand and China. ... West End Draught is a South Australian lager brewed by the South Australian Brewing Company founded in 1859, which was later aqquired by Lion Nathan in 1993[]. West End Draught is a full strength beer with an alcohol percentage of 4. ... Coopers Brewery is an Australian company, publicly owned but not listed with a stock exchange. ... Slogan or Nickname: Island of Inspiration; The Apple Isle; Holiday Isle Motto(s): Ubertas et Fidelitas (Fertility and Faithfulness) Other Australian states and territories Capital Hobart Government Constitutional monarchy Governor William Cox Premier Paul Lennon (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 5  - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05)  - Product... Boags Brewery is a brewery run by J. Boag & Sons and is located in Launceston, Australia. ... The Cascade Brewery, with Mount Wellington in the background Cascade Brewery is the oldest brewery in Australia. ... VIC redirects here. ... Carlton Draught Can Carlton Draught is a lager beer made by Carlton & United Beverages. ... Victoria Bitter, or VB, as it is commonly called, has the highest market share of all beer sold in Australia, both on tap and packaged. ... Slogan or Nickname: Wildflower State or the Golden State Other Australian states and territories Capital Perth Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Ken Michael Premier Alan Carpenter (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 15  - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2005-06)  - Product ($m)  $107,910 (4th)  - Product per capita  $53,134/person... The old Swan brewery buildings viewed from the Narrows The Swan Brewery (, ) was founded in the centre of Perth, Australia in 1837. ...


The premium beer market does not follow the state loyalties with the major premium brands being available nationwide. Popular ‘premium’ beers include Hahn and Crown lager. Hahn Brewery was established by Dr Charles Chuck Hahn in 1986 at an old factory site in the suburb of Camperdown in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ... Crown Lager is brewed by Carlton & United Breweries, a subsidiary of Fosters Group, brewers of the Fosters brand beer. ...


With the notable exceptions of Coopers, and the dark Toohey's "Old Black", these are all mild-tasting commercial lagers.


The Brewery on the external Australian territory of Norfolk Island is one of few places left to brew and sell cask-conditioned ale. Its varieties include Bee Sting (a bright ale), Mutineer (similar to a British bitter) and Bligh's Revenge (a dark ale). The states and territories of Australia make up the Commonwealth of Australia under a federal system of government. ... Cask ales on racks Cask ale or cask-conditioned beer is the term for unfiltered and unpasteurised beer which is conditioned and served from a cask, usually without additional nitrogen or carbon dioxide pressure. ...


Australian stouts

In contemporary Australia, the overwhelmingly largest proportion of beer produced is of the lager variety, and most commentary on Australian beer reflects that predominance.


However, dark beers and stout have a venerable history in Australia, and good quality stouts are still made to this time. Bottles of Imperial Stout Stout and porter are dark beers made using roasted malts or roast barley. ...


Guinness has a very strong following among the music communities in many states, and groups such as the Brisbane Guinness Appreciation Society in the late 1990s promoted it as an alternative to the regular brews. Couple this with the growth of Irish theme pubs and a growing awareness of the Irish roots of many Australians, Guinness has become increasingly available On Tap in recent years. Guinness logo Guinness is Good for You — Irish language advertisement. ... For notes on some individual UK pubs, see Notable United Kingdom public houses. ... Categories: Stub ...


Mainstream Australian stouts

The following list contains many of the extant brands of Stout in Australia. In general, despite the fact that most of these brands are produced by Australia-wide combines, they are not readily available beyond their State of origin, nor are they aggressively promoted even within their own region. As a result of this lack of commercial promotion, they may not be well known even within Australia, let alone internationally.


Most of these varieties claim to be made by “traditional” methods, using quality ingredients.

  • Abbots Invalid Stout (Vic)
  • Carbine Stout (Qld)
  • Cascade Special Stout (Tas)
  • Coopers Best Extra Stout (SA)
  • Sheaf Stout (NSW)
  • Southwark Stout (SA)
  • Special Old Stout (SA)
  • Swan Stout ( WA)

Boutique Australian stouts

  • Black Bart Stout
  • Colonial Mild Irish Stout
  • Ebony Stout
  • Flanagans
  • Grumpy’s Heysen Scottish Oatmeal Stout (SA)
  • Hat Lifter Stout
  • Iron Bark Amber Stout
  • Mountain Goat Surefoot Stout
  • Oxford Black
  • Russian Imperial Stout
  • SCB Extra Stout
  • Swan Valley Stout
  • Velvet Cream Stout

Speciality beers

Particularly in the cosmopolitan areas of the major cities, speciality brews produced by major brewers and by microbreweries, including a wide variety of ales, are increasing in popularity, as are many foreign beers. Cosmopolitanism is the idea that all of humanity belongs to a single moral community. ... Beer barrels outside the Castle Rock microbrewery in Nottingham, England. ...


Microbreweries

Innumerable microbreweries have taken root across the country, many in small towns. The availability of many such beers on tap is often limited to establishments with independent management.


Microbreweries of Australia include:

  • Barons ESB
  • Blue Tongue Brewery
  • Bootleg Brewery
  • Buckley's Beers
  • Copper Coast Wines- a South Australian producer of traditional Swanky beer
  • Feral Brewing Company
  • Fusion Brewing
  • Grand Ridge Brewery
  • Holgate Brewhouse
  • Little Creatures
  • Malt Shovel Brewery
  • Matilda Bay Brewing Company
  • Mountain Goat Beer
  • Piss Beer
  • Red Duck
  • Red Hill Brewery - a Victorian brewery renowned for its Scotch Ale
  • Snowy Mountains Brewery (Crackenback Pale Ale & Bullock Pilsner)
  • Wig and Pen Tavern & Brewery

While many of these companies choose to feature grotesque brand names, this is not an exclusively Australian characteristic, as some US and Canadian microbreweries use the same marketing strategy. Copper Coast Wines is a South Australian brewer of traditional Swanky beer. ... Swanky beer is a traditional Cornish beer, produced and served on festive occasions, such as Easter, Midwinters Night (Bonfire Night) and Christmas. ... Little Creatures is a microbrewery in Fremantle, Western Australia established in 2000 by the original brewers of the Matilda Bay Brewing Company. ... The Matilda Bay Brewing Company is an Australian brewery headquartered in North Fremantle, Western Australia. ... Mountain Goat Beer is a small independent microbrewery in Richmond, Victoria, Australia. ... Piss Beer is the brand name of a beer contract-brewed by Geelong Brewing of Victoria, Australia for the Pi55 Beer Co. ... Scotch Ale is the name given to a Strong Pale Ale believed to have originated in Edinburgh in the 19th century. ...


Beer glasses

There are different names for different sized beer glasses in each state. As young Australians travel more, the differences are decreasing. Most pubs of the 2000s no longer have a glass smaller than 285 ml/10 imperial fl oz (Pot or Middy). Many pubs outside of Victoria now have Pints (570 ml/20 fl oz.), possibly because of the popularity of themed Irish pubs in Australia, which have always used pints. In the 2000s many inner suburban Melbourne establishments began to serve schooners, which were not traditionally found in Victoria. The millilitre is the equivalent of a cubic centimetre. ... This article is about post-1824 Imperial units, please see also English unit, U.S. customary unit or Avoirdupois. ... A fluid ounce is a unit of volume in both the Imperial system of units and the U.S. customary units system. ...


Many imported beers will be served in their own branded glasses of various sizes, including 330ml for many European lagers, and 250ml for Hoegaarden White. Two bottles of Hoegaarden beer: Hoegaarden Grand Cru and Regular Hoegaarden Brouwerij de Kluis was founded by Pierre Celis in Hoegaarden (pronounced ) in Flanders in 1966. ...


A request of a "Pot of Gold" may sound like a joke, but it is a valid order of a 285 ml (10 fl oz) glass of XXXX Gold. XXXX (pronounced four-ex) is a brand of beers brewed in Milton, Brisbane by Queensland brewers, Castlemaine Perkins. ...

Names of beer glasses in various Australian cities
Capacity Sydney Darwin Brisbane Adelaide Hobart Melbourne Perth Canberra
115 ml
(4 fl oz)
small beer shetland (pony)
140 ml
(5 fl oz)
pony small beer pony pony pony
170 ml
(6 fl oz)
six small (glass) bobbie
200 ml
(7 fl oz)
seven seven beer butcher glass glass seven
225 ml
(8 fl oz)
glass eight
285 ml
(10 fl oz)
middy handle pot schooner ten (ounce)/pot pot middy middy
425 ml
(15 fl oz)
schooner schooner schooner pint fifteen/schooner schooner4 schooner4 schooner
570 ml
(20 fl oz)
pint pint pint imperial pint pint pint pint pint
1140 ml
(40 fl oz)
jug jug jug jug jug jug jug jug
Notes:
  1. Entries in bold are common.
  2. Entries in italics are old-fashioned and/or rare.
  3. Entries marked with a dash are not applicable.
  4. Traditionally 425 ml is a size not found in Western Australia or Victoria.
  5. The fl oz refered to here is the imperial fluid ounce.
References:

a.  Aussie Beer Baron
b.  What is not an Australian standard drink?
c.  Buying Beer in Australia
d.  Guidelines at a glance
e.  Ordering Beer
f. Liquor Merchants Association of Australia This article is about post-1824 imperial units, see also English unit, U.S. customary units or Avoirdupois. ... A fluid ounce is a unit of volume in both the Imperial system of units and the U.S. customary units system. ...

South Australian traditional beer glasses

Until relatively recently, there were no Australia-wide standard measures for serving beer. South Australia in particular used two unusual measures that were not used elsewhere. These are :

  • 170 ml (6 fl oz) known as a “butcher”
  • 255 ml (9 fl oz) known as a “schooner”

In addition, a 425 ml (15 fl oz) was (and still is) known as a “pint”; technically, as a “reputed pint”, being 0.75 imperial pint.


Note that the SA schooner is considerably smaller than the measure of the same name in NSW, as is the SA “pint”.


Usage and understanding of these names is now generally restricted to people born before about 1950. In contemporary SA pubs and restaurants, the most frequent measure is now the up-sized "schooner" of 285 ml (10 fl oz/half-pint), while “imperial pints” are also popular in bohemian, artistic and “theme” venues such as Irish pubs.


Beer Bottles

Darwin Stubby
Darwin Stubby

Most bottled beer in Australia is sold in either 375 mL or 750 mL sizes. Carlton United briefly have "upsized" to 800 mL, however this has since been reduced to the original 750 mL. Some minor brands are marketed in 330 ml and 345 ml sizes. In the Northern Territory, the "Darwin Stubby", a large (2.0-litre) bottle is sold largely as a tourist gimmick, but very successfully. Most bottles are light weight "single use only", though some are still reusable, and in some cases, (e.g. Coopers 750 ml) breweries are reintroducing refillable bottles. In South Australia, mandatory deposits on beer bottles and some other types of beverage containers support a well established network of recycling centres, providing significant environmental benefits as well as generating employment opportunities for unskilled workers. Coopers Brewery is an Australian company, privately owned by the Cooper family. ... For the song, see South Australia (song). ... Deposit notice on a bottle sold in Continental U.S., indicating the containers deposit value in various states. ...


Response to Climate Change

Fosters Group, owners of the Tasmanian Cascade_Brewery, announced in early 2008 the release of Cascade's ”green” beer that will be fully carbon-off set, in all its agricultural and manufacturing processes, including packaging.[3] Fosters Group is a beer group with interests in brewing, wine-making and soft drinks. ... The Cascade Brewery, with Mount Wellington in the background Cascade Brewery is the oldest brewery in Australia. ...


See also

  • Category:Beer and breweries in Australia
  • List of Australian Breweries

References

  1. ^ Simpson, W. Beauty bottlers. Sydney Morning Herald, 25 January 2005.
  2. ^ Parts of this early history have been copied with permission from http://www.australianbeers.com
  3. ^ LIVENEWS.com.au > Environment > GREEN BEER: Not as unpleasant as it sounds

...

External links

  • spakatak.com International Beer Guide
  • The Aussie Beer Baron
  • AustralianBeers.com
  • brew.com.au
  • Sydney Morning Herald; idiosyncrasies of Australian beer
  • Beer Guide (Australia)
  • Vegetarian Beers in Australia

  Results from FactBites:
 
Australian beer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (1880 words)
Although Australia was settled predominantly by the British, it is too hot for ale brewing, and before refrigeration beer was difficult to brew at all (and obviously impossible to serve cold).
Beer was still being consumed on board 2 years later in 1770 when Cook was the first European to discover the east coast of Australia.
In recent years, mixing of beer tastes due to a more mobile population, major campaigns by the larger breweries to spread their brands outside their home state and the growth of the ‘premium’ beer market have started to erode the traditional loyalties.
Beer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (3923 words)
Beer is one of the oldest human-produced beverages, possibly dating back to at least the 7th millennium BC (perhaps prior even to bread), and recorded in the written history of Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia.
In Europe, beer was being produced by or for monasteries as early as the 7th century.
Beer is drunk from a variety of vessels, such as a glass, a beer stein, a mug, a pewter tankard or even a beer bottle or can.
  More results at FactBites »


 
 

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