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Australian literature in English began soon after the settlement of the country by Europeans. Common themes include indigenous and settler identity, alienation, exile and relationship to place - but it is a varied and contested area. For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...

[edit] Early works

Early popular works tended to be of the 'ripping yarn' variety, telling tales of derring-do against the new frontier of the Australian outback. Writers such as Rolf Boldrewood, Marcus Clarke and Joseph Furphy embodied these stirring ideals in their tales and, particularly the latter, tried to accurately record the vernacular language of the common Australian. These novelists also gave valuable insights into the penal colonies which helped form the country and also the early rural settlements. A frontier is a political and geographical term referring to areas near or beyond a boundary, or of a different nature. ... For the restaurant chain, see Outback Steakhouse; for the station wagon, see Subaru Outback. ... Rolf Boldrewood (August 6, 1826 -March 11, 1915) was a novelist, best known for his novel Robbery Under Arms. ... Marcus Clarke (1846 - 1881) was an Australian novelist and poet, best known for his novel For the Term of his Natural Life. ... Joseph Furphy (who largely wrote under the pen name Tom Collins), September 26, 1843–September 13, 1912, is widely regarded as the Father of the Australian novel. He was extremely popular in Australia during the 19th century, and is best known for his book Such is Life. ... Look up Vernacular in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article is about the literary concept. ... A penis colony is a colony used to detain prisoners and generally use them for penal labor in an economically underdeveloped part of the states (usually colonial) territories, and on a far larger scale than a prison farm. ...

[edit] Poetry

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Poetry played an important part in the founding of Australian literature. Two poets who are amongst the great Australian poets are Christopher Brennan and Adam Lindsay Gordon; Gordon was once referred to as the "national poet of Australia" and is the only Australian with a monument in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey in England. This article is homosexual and should be burned the second in a series of The History of Literature. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... See also: 15th century in literature, other events of the 16th century, 17th century in literature, list of years in literature. ... See also: 16th century in literature, other events of the 17th century, 1700 in literature, list of years in literature. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... Modernist literature is the literary form of Modernism and especially High modernism; it should not be confused with modern literature, which is the history of the modern novel and modern poetry as one. ... Structuralism as a term refers to various theories across the humanities, social sciences and economics many of which share the assumption that structural relationships between concepts vary between different cultures/languages and that these relationships can be usefully exposed and explored. ... Deconstruction is a term in contemporary philosophy, literary criticism, and the social sciences, denoting a process by which the texts and languages of Western philosophy (in particular) appear to shift and complicate in meaning when read in light of the assumptions and absences they reveal within themselves. ... Post-structuralism is a body of work that followed in the wake of structuralism, and sought to understand the Western world as a network of structures, as in structuralism, but in which such structures are ordered primarily by local, shifting differences (as in deconstruction) rather than grand binary oppositions and... Postmodernism is a term applied to a wide-ranging set of developments in critical theory, philosophy, architecture, art, literature, and culture, which are generally characterized as either emerging from, in reaction to, or superseding, modernism. ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Hypertext fiction is a genre of electronic literature, characterized by the use of hypertext links which provides a new context for non-linearity in literature and reader interaction. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... American literature refers to written or literary work produced in the area of the United States and Colonial America. ... Jorge Luis Borges Argentine literature is placed among the most important in Spanish language, with world-famous writers such as José Hernández, Jorge Luis Borges, Manuel Puig, Julio Cortázar and Ernesto Sábato. ... Canadian literature may be divided into two parts, based on their separate roots: one stems from the culture and literature from France; the other from Britain. ... Mexican literature plays an important role in Mexican culture. ... New Zealand claims as its own many writers, even those immigrants born overseas or those emigrants who have gone into exile. ... Pakistani literature, that is, the literature of Pakistan, as a distinct literature came into being when Pakistan gained its nationhooood as a sovereign state in 1947. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Tamil literature is literature in the Tamil language which most prominently includes the contributions of the Tamil country (or Tamizhagam) history, a large part of which constitutes the modern state of Tamil Nadu and Kerala as well as some parts of Karnataka and Andra pradesh. ... Hindi literature (Hindi: हिंदी साहित्य) Hindi poetry is divided into four prominent forms or styles, being Bhakti (devotional - Kabir, Raskhan); Shringar (beauty - Keshav, Bihari); Veer-Gatha (extolling brave warriors); and Adhunik (modern). ... Urdu literature has a long and colorful history that is inextricably tied to the development of that very language, Urdu, in which it is written. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Indian English Literature. ... The first evidence of Bengali literature is known as Charyapada or Charyageeti, which were Buddhist hymns from the 8th century. ... Marathi literature (मराठी साहित्य) is one of the most flourishing, progressive and popular elements of Indian literature. ... Literature written in Malayalam language. ... Japanese literature spans a period of almost two millennia. ... Vietnamese literature is literature, both oral and written, created by Vietnamese-speaking people. ... African literature generally refers to the novels, short stories, and poetry written by African writers during the 20th century. ... South Africa has a diverse literary history. ... This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... This article is about science fiction literature. ... The history of ideas is a field of research in history that deals with the expression, preservation, and change of human ideas over time. ... Intellectual history means either: the history of intellectuals, or: the history of the people who create, discuss, write about and in other ways propagate ideas. ... This article is about the art form. ... Christopher Brennan was born in Sydney, Australia, 1870 to a brewer, and was educated in Catholic schools. ... Adam Lindsay Gordon - Melbourne monument Adam Lindsay Gordon (October 19, 1833 – 24 June 1870) was an Australian poet, jockey and politician. ... Many nations have adopted a poet who is perceived to represent the identity, beliefs and principles of their culture. ... Poets corner Poets Corner is the name traditionally given to a section of the South Transept of Westminster Abbey due to the number of poets, playwrights and writers now buried and commemorated there. ... The Collegiate Church of St Peter, Westminster, which is almost always referred to by its original name of Westminster Abbey, is a mainly Gothic church, on the scale of a cathedral (and indeed often mistaken for one), in Westminster, London, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ...

Both Gordon’s and Brennan's (but particularly Brennan’s) works conformed to traditional styles of poetry, with many classical allusions, and therefore fell within the domain of high culture. However, at the same time Australia was blessed with a competing, vibrant tradition of folk songs and ballads. Henry Lawson and Banjo Paterson were two of the chief exponents of these popular ballads, and ‘Banjo’ himself was responsible for creating what is probably the most famous Australian verse, Waltzing Matilda. Romanticised views of the outback and the rugged characters that inhabited it played an important part in shaping the Australian nation’s psyche, just as the cowboys of the American Old West and the gauchos of the Argentinean pampa became part of the self-image of those nations. Folk music, in the original sense of the term, is music by and of the people. ... Illustration by Arthur Rackham of the ballad The Twa Corbies A ballad is a story, usually a narrative or poem, in a song. ... Henry Lawson, circa 1902 Henry Lawson[1] (17 June 1867 - 2 September 1922) was an Australian writer and poet. ... Andrew Barton Banjo Paterson (February 17, 1864 – February 5, 1941) was a famous Australian bush poet, journalist and author. ... Waltzing Matilda is usually sung in informal settings, but it was played with a 90 piece orchestra and the 100 voice Melbourne Chorale at the 2005 Classical Spectacular Waltzing Matilda is Australias most widely known folk song, and one that has been popularly suggested as a potential national anthem. ... For other uses, see Outback (disambiguation). ... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... The classic vision of the American cowboy, as portrayed by Frederic Remington A cowboy (Spanish vaquero) tends cattle and horses on cattle ranches in North and South America. ... The cowboy, the quintessential symbol of the American Old West, circa 1887. ... This article describes the South American cattle herder. ... This article is about the lowland plains in South America. ...

Prominent Australian poets of the twentieth century include A. D. Hope, Judith Wright, Gwen Harwood, Kenneth Slessor, Les Murray and more recently John Forbes and John Tranter. More recent and emerging Australian poets include Kylie Rose, Judith Beveridge and Andrew Slattery. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s The 20th century lasted from 1901 to 2000 in the Gregorian calendar (often from (1900 to 1999 in common usage). ... Alec Derwent Hope (July 21, 1907 - July 13, 2000) was an Australian poet and essayist, known for his satirical slant, who was also a critic, teacher and academic. ... Judith Arundell Wright (31 May 1915—26 June 2000) was an Australian poet, environmentalist and campaigner for Aboriginal land rights. ... Gwen Harwood (6 June 1920 - 5 December 1995), née Gwendoline Nessie Foster, was an Australian poet and librettist. ... Kenneth Adolf Slessor (March 27, 1901–July 30, 1971) was a terrible Australian poet and journalist. ... Leslie Allan Murray (born 17 October 1938) is an Australian poet and critic. ... John Forbes (1950-1998) was an Australian poet. ... John Tranter is an Australian poet. ... Kylie Rose (born 1970) is a contemporary Australian poet. ... Judith Beveridge (born 1956) is a contemporary Australian poet, editor and academic. ... Andrew Slattery (born 1981) is a contemporary poet and screenwriter. ...

[edit] Writing and Identity

A complicated, multi-faceted relationship to Australia is displayed in much Australian writing, often through writing about landscape. Barbara Baynton's short stories from the late 1800s/early 1900s convey people living in the bush, a landscape that is alive but also threatening and alienating. Kenneth Cook's Wake in Fright (1961) portrayed the outback as a nightmare with a blazing sun, from which there is no escape. Colin Thiele's novels reflected the life and times of rural and regional Australians in the 20th century, showing aspects of Australian life unknown to many city dwellers. Barbara Baynton, about 1892 Barbara Janet Ainsleigh Baynton (1862-1929) was an Australian writer, made famous for Bush Studies which was written in retaliation to Henry Lawsons works. ... Kenneth Cook (1929-1987) was an Australian journalist, film director, script writer and novelist best known for his works Wake in Fright and the Killer Koala trilogy. ... Colin Thiele (born 1920 in Eudunda, South Australia) is an Australian author and educator, best known for his award winning childrens fiction. ...

What it means to be Australian is another issue that Australian literature explores. Miles Franklin struggled to find a place for herself as a female writer in Australia, fictionalising this experience in My Brilliant Career (1901). Marie Bjelke Petersen's popular romance novels, published between 1917 and 1937, offered a fresh upbeat interpretation of the Australian bush. The central character in Patrick White's The Twyborn Affair tries to conform to expectations of pre-WWII Australian masculinity but cannot, and instead, post-war, tries out another identity - and gender - overseas. Peter Carey has toyed with the idea of a national Australian identity as a series of 'beautiful lies', and this is a recurrent theme in his novels. Andrew McGahan's Praise (1992) and Christos Tsiolkas's Loaded (1995) introduced a 'gritty realism' take on questions of Australian identity in the 1990s, though an important precursor to such work was Helen Garner's Monkey Grip (1977). Portrait of Franklin, circa 1940s. ... Marie Caroline Bjelke Petersen (23 December 1874 - 11 October 1969), not Bjelke-Petersen as often given,[1] was a Danish-born Australian novelist and physical culture teacher. ... For the football player, see Patrick White (football player). ... Peter Philip Carey (born May 7, 1943) is an Australian novelist. ... Andrew McGahan (born 1966) is an Australian novelist. ... Christos Tsiolkas (b. ... Helen Garner (born 1942 in Geelong, Australia) is a novelist and journalist. ...

Australian literature has had several scandals surrounding the identity of writers. The 1944 Ern Malley affair led to an obscenity trial and is often blamed for the lack of modernist poetry in Australia. In the 1990s, Helen Darville used the pen-name “Helen Demidenko” and won major literary prizes for her Hand that Signed the Paper before being discovered, sparking a controversy over the content of her novel, a fictionalised and highly tendentious account of the Nazi occupation of the Ukraine. Mudrooroo - previously known as Colin Johnson - was acclaimed as an Aboriginal writer until his Aboriginality came under question (his mother was Irish/English and his father was Irish/African-American, however he has strong connections with Aboriginal tribes); he now avoids adopting a specific ethnic identity and his works deconstruct such notions. The Ern Malley edition of Angry Penguins Ern Malley, fictional poet, was the central figure in Australias most celebrated literary hoaxes, and has become one of the best-known names in the history of Australian poetry. ... This article focuses on the cultural movement labeled modernism or the modern movement. See also: Modernism (Roman Catholicism) or Modernist Christianity; Modernismo for specific art movement(s) in Spain and Catalonia. ... Helen Darville (born 7 January 1971) is an Australian journalist and writer. ...

Other writers have felt that, whatever Australia was, it needed to be escaped. Clive James, Robert Hughes, Barry Humphries and Germaine Greer are all Australian writers who left Australia in the 1960s for England and America. Greer, author of The Female Eunuch, has spent much of her career in England and has been a fierce critic of her native land, though she does not return there often. Clive James AM (born October 7, 1939 in Kogarah, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia) is an expatriate Australian writer, poet, essayist, critic, and commentator on popular culture. ... Robert Studley Forrest Hughes AO, (born July 28, 1938), who is usually known as Robert Hughes, is an art critic, writer and television documentary maker. ... John Barry Humphries, AO, CBE (born 17 February 1934 in Camberwell, Melbourne, Victoria) is an Australian comedian, satirist and character actor best known for his on-stage and television alter egos Dame Edna Everage, a Melbourne housewife, and Sir Les Patterson, Australias foul-mouthed cultural attaché to Britain. ... Germaine Greer (born January 29, 1939) is an Australian-born writer, broadcaster and retired academic, widely regarded as one of the most significant feminist voices of the 20th century. ... Dr. Germaine Greer Germaine Greer (born January 29, 1939) is an Australian academic, writer, and broadcaster, who is widely regarded as one of the most significant feminist voices of the 20th century. ...

[edit] Other developments

Australian literature can be thought of as coming of age in 1973 when Patrick White became the first (and so far only) Australian to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. (2003 laureate John M. Coetzee lives in Adelaide, South Australia, but was born in South Africa and is not widely regarded as Australian.) Other notable writers to have emerged since the 1970s include Peter Carey, Kate Grenville, David Malouf, Janette Turner Hospital and Tim Winton. For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... For the football player, see Patrick White (football player). ... The Nobel Prize in literature is awarded annually to an author from any country who has produced the most outstanding work of an idealistic tendency. The work in this case generally refers to an authors work as a whole, not to any individual work, though individual works are sometimes... Peter Philip Carey (born May 7, 1943) is an Australian novelist. ... Kate Grenville (b. ... David Malouf David Malouf (born March 20, 1934) in Brisbane is an Australian writer whose themes encompass Australian history and the Australian landscape. ... Janette Turner Hospital (née Turner) (born 1942) is an Australian novelist and short story writer. ... Timothy John Winton (born 1960), known as Tim Winton, is an acclaimed Australian novelist. ...

James Clavell in The Asian Saga discusses an important feature of Australian literature: its portrayal of far eastern culture, from the admittedly even further east, but nevertheless western cultural viewpoint, as Nevil Shute did. Clavell was also a successful screenwriter and along with such writers as Thomas Keneally, who won the Booker Prize for Schindler's Ark (the book Schindler's List is based on), has expanded the topics of Australian literature far beyond that one country. Other novelists to use international themes are Gerald Murnane and Brenda Walker. James Clavell, born Charles Edmund Dumaresq Clavell (10 October 1924 – 7 September 1994) was a British novelist, screenwriter, director and World War II hero and POW. Clavell is best known for his epic Asian Saga series of novels and their televised adaptations, along with such films as The Great Escape... The Asian Saga is a series of six novels written by James Clavell between 1962 and 1993. ... In the West, the term Eastern culture refers very broadly to the various cultures, social structures and philosophical systems of the East, namely Asia (including China, India, Japan, and surrounding regions). ... For this articles equivalent regarding the East, see Eastern culture. ... Nevil Shute (London, January 17, 1899 – Melbourne, January 12, 1960) (full name Nevil Shute Norway) was one of the most popular novelists of the mid-20th century. ... Screenwriters, scenarists or script writers, are authors who write the screenplays from which movies and television programs are made. ... Thomas Michael Keneally AO (born October 7, 1935) also Tom Keneally, is an Australian novelist. ... Schindlers Ark is a Booker Prize winning novel (1982) by Thomas Keneally, which was later adapted into the highly successful movie Schindlers List directed by Steven Spielberg. ... This article is about the movie. ... Gerald Murnane is an Australian writer who was born in Melbourne in 1939 and has lived nearly all of his life in Victoria, Australia. ... Dr Brenda Walker was born in Grafton, New South Wales in 1957. ...

[edit] Aboriginal writing

The voices of aboriginal Australians have begun to be noticed and include the playwright Jack Davis and writer Mudrooroo. Sally Morgan's My Place was considered a breakthrough memoir in terms of bringing indigenous stories to wider notice. Australian Aborigines are the main indigenous people of Australia. ... A playwright, also known as a dramatist, is a person who writes dramatic literature or drama. ... Jack Davis (1917 - March 17, 2000), was a notable Australian 20th Century playwright and poet, also an Indigenous rights campaigner. ... Sally Jane Morgan (née Milroy, born 18 January 1951 in Perth, Western Australia) is an Australian Aborigine author, scriptwriter and artist. ...

[edit] Science Fiction and Fantasy

Some popular Australian Science Fiction and fantasy authors currently are: Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ... For other uses, see Fantasy (disambiguation). ...

Simon Brown
Isobelle Carmody
Cecilia Dart-Thornton
Sara Douglass
Greg Egan
Jennifer Fallon
Traci Harding
Glenda Larke
Maxine McArthur
Fiona McIntosh
Garth Nix
Joel Shepherd
he is quite poor ... Isobelle Jane Carmody; born, 1958 in Wangaratta, Australia is an Australian writer of Science Fiction, Fantasy, Childrens Literature, and Young Adult Literature. ... Cecilia Dart-Thornton is an Australian author of fantasy novels, most notably the Bitterbynde Trilogy. ... Sara Douglass (Born 2 June 1957 in Penola, South Australia) is the pen name of Australian fantasy writer Dr. Sara Warneke, who lives in Hobart, Tasmania. ... Greg Egan (August 20, 1961, Perth, Western Australia) is an Australian computer programmer and science fiction author. ... Jennifer Fallon is a bestselling Australian fantasy author of some fame amongst the Australian Fantasy community, and in widening international circles. ... Traci Harding is an Australian novelist. ... Fiona McIntosh is an English-born fantasy author who lives in Australia. ... Garth Nix (born 1963) is an Australian author of young adult fantasy novels, most notably the Old Kingdom Series and Seventh Tower series. ... Joel Shepherd, born 1974, Adelaide, South Australia is an Australian science fiction author. ...

[edit] Crime

The Crime fiction genre is currently thriving in Australia, most notably through books written by Kerry Greenwood, Shane Maloney, Peter Temple, Barry Maitland and Peter Corris, among others. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with mystery_fiction. ... Image:Murder in Montparnasse. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Peter Temple, born 1946, is an Australian crime fiction writer. ...

[edit] History

History has been an important discipline in the development of Australian writing. A significant milestone was the historian Manning Clark's six volume History of Australia, which is regarded by some as the definitive account of the nation. Also important was art critic Robert Hughes' much-debated history The Fatal Shore. This article is about the occupation of studying history. ... Manning Clark in his study in about 1988 Charles Manning Hope Clark AC (3 March 1915 – 23 May 1991), Australian historian, was the author of the best-known general history of Australia, his six-volume History of Australia, published between 1962 and 1987. ... Robert Studley Forrest Hughes AO, (born July 28, 1938), who is usually known as Robert Hughes, is an art critic, writer and television documentary maker. ...

[edit] Literary journals

Most recent Australian literary journals have originated from universities - and specifically English or Communications departments.

They include Meanjin, Overland, Island, Heat and Southerly, and the annual publications Westerly, Verandah, Sleepers Almanac and Going Down Swinging. There have been a number of national journals Australian Book Review or the Australian newspaper Literary review supplement. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Overland is one of Australias leading cultural reviews. ... Winter 1997 cover of Westerly Westerly is a literary magazine that is produced at the University of Western Australia English Department since 1956. ... Australian Book Review was founded in 1961 by Max Harris and Rosemary Wighton, and was published monthly in Adelaide from 1961. ...

[edit] Awards

Current literary awards in Australia include:

• Anne Elder Award
• The Australian/Vogel Literary Award
• The Children's Book Council of Australia Book of the Year Awards
• Ditmar Award Science Fiction (includes Fantasy & Horror)
• Kenneth Slessor Prize for Poetry
• Mary Gilmore Prize for a first book of poetry
• Miles Franklin Award
• New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards
• Patrick White Award
• Queensland Premier's Literary Awards
• Victorian Premier's Literary Award
• Western Australian Premier's Book Awards
• Australian authors are also eligible for the Commonwealth Writers Prize

The Anne Elder Award is given annually by the Fellowship of Australian Writers for the first publication in Australia of a first book of poetry. ... The Australian/Vogel Literary Award is an Australian literary award for unpublished manuscript for writers under the age of 35. ... Rapists. ... The Kenneth Slessor Prize for Poetry is awarded annually as part of the N. S. W. Premiers Literary Awards for a book of collected poems or for a single poem of substantial length published in book form. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... The annual Miles Franklin Literary Award is one of the most illustrious events on the Australian literary calendar. ... The New South Wales Premiers Literary Awards were established in 1979 by the New South Wales Premier Neville Wran. ... The Patrick White Award is an annual literary prize established by Patrick White who used his Nobel Prize in Literature award to establish a trust for this prize. ... The Queensland Premiers Literary Awards were inaugurated in 1999 and have grown to become a leading literary awards program within Australia, with $225,000 in prizemoney over 14 categories. ... The Victorian Premiers Literary Awards were created by the Victorian Government with the aim of raising the profile of contemporary creative writing and Australias publishing industry. ... The Western Australian Premiers Book Awards is an award for books and scripts written by Western Australians or about Western Australia. ... The Commonwealth Writers Prize was established in 1987. ...

[edit] See also

• List of Australian novelists
• List of Australian poets
• Australian performance poetry
• List of Australian literary awards
• Tasmanian Literature
• New South Wales Premier's History Awards
• Australian History Awards

This is a list of novelists living in Australia or publishing significantly while living there. ... The poets listed below were either citizens or residents of Australia and published the bulk of their poetry whilst living there. ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... // A list of Australian literary awards and prizes: The Age Book of the Year Australian Literary Studies Gold Medal The Australian/Vogel Literary Award David Unaipon Award Miles Franklin Award National Book Council Awards New South Wales Premiers Literary Awards Patricia Weickhardt Award Patrick White Award Patrick White Playwrights... A map of Tasmania from 1916 showing the variety of place names. ... The New South Wales Government established the Premiers History award in 1997. ... // This biennial award has been named for A. W. Martin[1] (1926-2002) and is administered jointly by the Australian National University and The Australian Historical Association. ...

[edit] External links

• *The Library of Australiana page at Project Gutenberg of Australia