Originally the term Netherlands referred to a much larger entity than the current Kingdom of the Netherlands. Charles V of Habsburg was the lord of seventeen provinces roughly covering the current Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and a good part of the North of France (Artois). Most of these were fiefs under the Holy Roman Empire, of which Charles became Emperor himself. Two, Flanders and Artois, were French fiefs. The French king and the Holy Roman Emperor agreed to release all seventeen from the largely nominal and by then anachronistic ties to both realms. This was called the Pragmatic Sanction of 1549. Seven northern provinces claimed their independence in 1581 as a republic called the United Provinces:

• Groningen
• Friesland
• Overijssel (with Drenthe and Lingen)
• Gelre (with Zutphen) (after 1543)
• Utrecht
• Holland
• Zeeland

Three others were divided between north and south (which later became Belgium):

• Limburg
• Brabant
• Flanders remained mostly part of the south, but later lost half its territory to France in the wars with Louis XIV

Of the remaining territories:

• Luxembourg remained part of the south but half of it became an independent entity after the Napoleonic wars
• Hainaut, Namur and Mechelen remained part of the south
• Artois, Tournai and Douai became French later.

In addition, there were a number of fiefdoms in this region that were not part of the Netherlands, the largest one is Liege. In the north, there were also a few smaller entities like the island of Ameland, that would retain their own lords until the independence of the seven northern provinces and the resulting closure of the Scheldt river to navigation, a large number of people from the southern provinces emigrated north to the new republic. The center of prosperity moved from cities in the south such as Bruges, Antwerp, Ghent, and Brussels to cities in the north including Amsterdam, the Hague, and Rotterdam.

To distinguish between the older, larger Netherlands from the current country, Dutch speakers usually drop the plural for the latter. They speak of Nederland for the current country and de Nederlanden for the domains of Charles V. In other languages, this has not been adopted, though the larger area is sometimes known as the Low Countries in English.

The fact that the same term Netherlands has such different historical meanings can sometimes lead to difficulties in expressing oneself correctly. For example, composers from the 16th century are often said to belong to the Nederlandse School. Although they themselves would not have objected to that term, today it may wrongly create the impression that they were from the north. In fact, they were almost exclusively from the south.

After Charles' V abdication in 1556, his realms became divided between his son, Philip II and his brother, Ferdinand I. The part of the Netherlands under his control went to his son, the king of Spain. Hence, it became known as the Spanish Netherlands. Under the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), after Spain's defeat in the War of the Spanish Succession, this was ceded to Austria and thus became known as the Austrian Netherlands, which rebelled against Austria in 1788.

See also

• Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands

External link

• Map of the Seventeen Provinces (http://www.wazamar.org/Nederlanden/zeventien-prov.htm)