Parliament at the Ringstraße

The Austrian Parliament Building, (German: Parlament or Hohes Haus, formerly the Reichsratsgebäude), is where the two Houses of the Parliament of Austria conduct their sittings. The building lies at the Ringstraße in the first district Innere Stadt in Vienna, close by the Hofburg Imperial Palace and the Palace of Justice. Coordinates: 48°12′29″N, 16°21′29″E Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1194x546, 211 KB) Summary Full-view photo of the Austrian Parliament in Vienna, view position: Ringstraße Photo by: Atelier Schiffleitner http://www. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1194x546, 211 KB) Summary Full-view photo of the Austrian Parliament in Vienna, view position: Ringstraße Photo by: Atelier Schiffleitner http://www. ... The Austrian parliament consists of two chambers, the Nationalrat (national council) and the Bundesrat (federal council). ... The Ringstraße at night The Ringstraße is a circular road surrounding the Innere Stadt district of Vienna, Austria and is one of its main sights. ... The Innere Stadt is the the first Viennese Municipality District. ... “Wien” redirects here. ... Hofburg Neue Burg section, seen from Heldenplatz. ... Palace of Justice is the main Federal Court in Putrajaya. ...

The main construction lasted from 1874 to 1883. The architect responsible for the building was Baron Theophil von Hansen, the building is an example of Greek revival. The architect von Hansen designed the building as an ensemble, where each piece harmonised with the rest. He was therefore also responsible for the interior decoration such as statues, paintings, furniture, chandeliers, and other elements. One of the building's most famous features is the statue of Athena and the fountain, a notable Viennese tourist attraction. Despite heavy damages and destruction during World War II, most of the interior has been restored to its original appearance. Year 1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Theophil Edvard Freiherr von Hansen (original Danish name: Theophilus Hansen) (July 13, 1813 in Copenhagen - February 17, 1891 in Vienna) was a Danish architect. ... Personal residence of Catherine the Great Greek Revival was a style of classical architecture which became fashionable in Europe in the 18th century, and in the United Kingdom and United States in the early 19th century. ... A chandelier in the U.S. vice presidents ceremonial office in the Old Executive Office Building on the White House grounds. ... Helmeted Athena, of the Velletri type. ... The worlds highest fountain: King Fahds Fountain in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Three traditional fountain features: a low jet, a pair of raised basins, and sculpture with a water theme, here hippocamps (Villa Borghese, Rome) A traditional fountain is an arrangement where water issues from a source (Latin fons... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

The parliament building covers over 13,500 square meters, making it one of the largest structures on the Ringstraße. It was constructed to house the two chambers of the Reichsrat, the legislature of the Austrian part (Cisleithania) of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Today, the parliament building is seat of the National Council (Nationalrat) and the Federal Council (Bundesrat). It contains over 100 rooms, the most important of which are the Chambers of the National Council, the Federal Council and the former imperial House of Representatives (Abgeordnetenhaus). The building also includes committee rooms, libraries, lobbies, dining-rooms, bars and gymnasiums. It is the site of important state ceremonies, most notably the swearing-in ceremony of the President of Austria and the state speech on National Day on each October 26. The building is very closely associated with the two Houses, as shown by the use of "Hohes Haus" as a metonym for "Parliament". Parliamentary offices overspill into nearby buildings such as the Palais Epstein. A square metre (US spelling: square meter) is by definition the area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 metre long. ... Between 1867 and 1918, the Reichsrat was the parliament of Cisleithania, the Austrian part of Austria-Hungary, which was officially known as the kingdoms and lands represented in the Reichsrat (German die im Reichsrat vertretenen Königreiche und Länder). ... Cisleithania (German: Cisleithanien) was the name of the Austrian part of Austria-Hungary, the Dual monarchy created in 1867 and dissolved in 1918. ... Official languages Latin, German, Hungarian Established church Roman Catholic Capital & Largest City Vienna pop. ... The National Council or Nationalrat is one of the two houses of the Federal Assembly, the bicameral federal parliament of the Federal Republic of Austria. ... The Federal Council of Austria or Bundesrat is one of the two separate councils of parliament of Austria. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      House of Representatives is a name used for legislative bodies in many countries. ... A committee is a (relatively) small group that can serve one of several functions: Governance: in organizations too large for all the members to participate in decisions affecting the organization as a whole, a committee (such as a Board of Directors) is given the power to make decisions. ... Julio Pérez Ferrero Library - Cúcuta, Colombia A modern-style library in Chambéry A library is a collection of information, sources, resources and services, organized for use, and maintained by a public body, an institution, or a private individual. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Modern indoor gymnasium with pull-down basketball hoops. ... The Leopoldine Wing of Hofburg Imperial Palace in Vienna: home to the offices of the Federal President. ... It has been suggested that National holiday be merged into this article or section. ... October 26 is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... In rhetoric and cognitive linguistics, metonymy (in Greek meta = after/later and onoma = name) is the use of a single characteristic to identify a more complex entity. ... Palais Epstein in Vienna Palais Epstein is a Ringstraßenpalais in Vienna. ...

History

Parliament around the time of its completion in 1900

The new imperial constitution (known as the Februar-Patent) promulgated in 1861 created the Reichsrat as an effective legislature. For that purpose, a new building had to be constructed to house this constitutional organ. The original plan was to construct two separate buildings for each chamber, one for the House of Lords and one for the House of Representatives. However after the Ausgleich which effectively created the Dual-Monarchy in 1867, Hungary received its own separate legislative body, and the original plan for two buildings was dropped. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 591 pixelsFull resolution (3509 × 2592 pixel, file size: 2. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 591 pixelsFull resolution (3509 × 2592 pixel, file size: 2. ... 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar) // January 1 - Benito Juárez captures Mexico City January 2 - Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia dies and is succeeded by... The German term Ausgleich (Hungarian kiegyezés) refers to the compromise or composition of February 1867 that established the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary, which was signed by Franz Joseph of Austria and a Hungarian delegation led by Ferenc Deák. ... Cunt BAg Twat Fuk suck my penis ring 0778851865!!!!!!Year 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

The precursor to the present building was the temporary House of Deputies or Representatives (Abgeordnetenhaus), located at Währinger Straße, which was erected within six weeks. In its layout the Abgeordnetenhaus would be a model for the later parliament building. This temporary structure was opened in 1861 by Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria. The building was soon named afterwards named "Schmerlingtheater", after its Speaker Anton von Schmerling. The "Schmerlingtheater" was used by the deputies until the construction of the new building in 1884. Währing is the 18th district (Bezirk) of Vienna, Austria. ... 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar) // January 1 - Benito Juárez captures Mexico City January 2 - Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia dies and is succeeded by... Franz Joseph I (in Hungarian I. Ferenc József, in English Francis Joseph I) (August 18, 1830 – November 21, 1916) of the Habsburg Dynasty was Emperor of Austria, Apostolic King of Hungary, King of Bohemia from 1848 until 1916 and a German prince (Deutscher Fürst). ... It has been suggested that Speakers of the House be merged into this article or section. ... Anton von Schmerling ( August 23, 1805 - May 23, 1893), Austrian statesman, was born at Vienna, where his father held a high position on the judicial side of the civil service. ... Year 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

The site was the location of the city’s fortifications and walls. In his famous decree (Es ist Mein Wille at Wikisource) in 1857, Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria laid down the plans of the Ringstraße boulevard, which replaced the old walls. The parliament building was supposed to feature prominently on the Ringstraße, in close proximity to the Hofburg Palace and the city hall of Vienna. 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Franz Joseph I (in Hungarian I. Ferenc József, in English Francis Joseph I) (August 18, 1830 – November 21, 1916) of the Habsburg Dynasty was Emperor of Austria, Apostolic King of Hungary, King of Bohemia from 1848 until 1916 and a German prince (Deutscher Fürst). ... It has been suggested that Town Hall be merged into this article or section. ...

An Imperial Commission was appointed to study the building of the Parliament. The Commission decided that the building’s style should be classical. Those who preferred the classical style argued that classical Greek architecture was appropriate for Parliament, since it is connected to the Ancient Greeks and the ideal of democracy. From the point of view of modern times, the ancient civilizations of the Mediterranean sometimes seem to blend smoothly into one melange we call the Classical. ... The Temple to Athena, the Parthenon Ancient Greece is a period in Greek history that lasted for around three thousand years. ...

After studying rival proposals, the Imperial Commission chose Theophil von Hansen's plan for a classical style building. In 1869, the Imperial and Royal Ministry of the Interior gave von Hansen the order to design a new parliament building. 1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...

Ground was broken on June 1874, the cornerstone has the date “2. September 1874“ etched into it. At the same time, work also commenced on the nearby two imperial museums (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Naturhistorisches Museum), the city hall and the university. In November 1883 the offices of the House of Representatives were completed and started being used. On December 4, 1883 the House of Representatives held its first session under its president Franz Smolka. On December 16, 1884, the House of Lords under its president Count Trauttmansdorff held its first session. Both chambers would continue to sit in the building until the end of the empire in 1918. Year 1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Cornerstone has several possible meanings and uses: Look up cornerstone in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Kunsthistorisches Museum at Maria-Theresien-Platz, Vienna. ... Naturhistorisches Museum at Maria-Theresien-Platz, Vienna Naturhistorisches Museum Wien The Naturhistorisches Museum (Museum of Natural History) is a large museum located in Vienna, Austria. ... The University of Vienna (German: Universität Wien) in Vienna, Austria is the oldest university in the current Austro-Hungarian domain; it formally opened in 1365. ... 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... December 4th redirects here. ... 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... December 16 is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...

The fountain with the statue of Athena in front of the building was designed by Baron Hansen as well, but only completed in 1898 to 1902. The official name of the building was Reichsratsgebäude (Council of the Realm Building), the street behind the building Reichsratsstraße still reminds of the former name. The word Parliament however was in use since the beginning as well. Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... There was a Reichsrat (Imperial Council in German language) in Germany, see Reichsrat (Germany) in the Austrian part of Austria-Hungary (Cisleithania), see Reichsrat (Austria) in Bavaria, see Reichsrat (Bavaria) Rigsraadet, name of the imperial councils in Scandinavian countries Privy Council of Sweden (RiksrÃ¥det) State Council of Imperial Russia...

The building saw tumultuous years during the Austro-Hungarian Empire, as the House of Representatives was extremely fractious between liberals and conservatives, German-speaking nationalists and Czech deputies, as well as the government and parliament. It became a common feature of undisciplined deputies to throw inkwells at each other. The joke on the street was that Athena was so disgusted by the political infighting, that her statue purposely has her back turned to the building. Official languages Latin, German, Hungarian Established church Roman Catholic Capital & Largest City Vienna pop. ... For the handwriting recognition software that is part of Mac OS X, see Inkwell (software). ...

Nevertheless the building housed the first form of a parliamentary system for much of the people of Central Europe. Some of the former deputies continued their political carriers after the fall of the empire and became important politicians in their home countries. Central Europe The Alpine Countries and the Visegrád Group (Political map, 2004) Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe. ...

Destroyed chamber of the House of Lords (Herrenhaus) after World War II

The Reichsratsgebäude continued to function until 1918, when the building was occupied by demonstrators during the end of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. From the ramp of the building, the First Republic was officially proclaimed. The building itself was renamed as “Parliament”, with the new republican National Council (Nationalrat) and Federal Council (Bundesrat) replacing the old imperial House of Deputies (Abgeordnetenhaus) and the House of Lords (Herrenhaus). The parliament ceased to function with the introduction of the Austro-fascist dictatorship and the Anschluß of Austria to Nazi-Germany in 1938. Half of the building suffered heavy damage or was destroyed, such as the former Lords Chamber and the Hall of Columns, by Allied bombs in the course of the Second World War. It was in the old Abgeordnetenhaus Chamber that the new Chancellor Dr. Karl Renner declared the rebirth of an independent Austria, helped by Soviet troops. Max Fellerer and Eugen Wörle were commissioned as architect; they chose to redesign and readapt the former Lords Chamber for the National Council, in the process the meeting room of the National Council was rebuilt in a modern and functional style. Work on the National Council Chamber was completed in 1956. The original appearance of the other publicly accessible premises and the building's external appearance were largely restored to von Hansen's design, such as of the Hall of Columns. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Official languages Latin, German, Hungarian Established church Roman Catholic Capital & Largest City Vienna pop. ... The word ramp can mean one of several things: Inclined plane A ramp is the area around an airport terminal where aircraft are loaded and unloaded. ... Around the world there have been a number of First Republics: French First Republic - 1792 First Spanish Republic First Philippine Republic In Italy the term First Republic is used informally to refer to the period up to 1991, when a series of scandals (mainly bribery) hit many politicians. ... Supporters of the Austrian Christian Social Party in 1934 Austrofascism is a term which is frequently used to describe the authoritarian rule installed in Austria between 1934 and 1938. ... March 12, 1938: German troops march into Austria The general German term Anschluss [1] (literally meaning connection, but in this context translated as annexation in the sense of political union) often refers to Anschluss Österreichs — the inclusion of Austria in a Greater Germany in 1938. ... Motto One People, one Empire, one Leader. ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... In general, allies are people or groups that have joined an alliance and are working together to achieve some common purpose. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... Karl Renner Monument to Karl Renner next to the Austrian Parliament, Ringstraße, Vienna, Austria Karl Renner (December 14, 1870 - December 31, 1950) was an Austrian politician. ... Soviet redirects here. ... Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Exterior

Gable with allegorical statues and Emperor Franz Joseph I in the centre

Baron von Hansen's design for the Reichsratsgebäude uses the neo-Greek style, which was popular during the 19th century Classic revival. Von Hansen was himself a classical architect, having constructed various other buildings in Vienna in the same style. The Greek architectural style was chosen as a reminder of antique Greece as the "cradle of democracy". Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2560 × 1920 pixel, file size: 481 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Description: Middle portikus of Austrian Parliament building, made out of marble from Laas in South Tyrol. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2560 × 1920 pixel, file size: 481 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Description: Middle portikus of Austrian Parliament building, made out of marble from Laas in South Tyrol. ... A Cobra replica company founded by Ian Deener after he left another Cobra replica company. ...

The original plans actually saw a separate building for the House of Representatives and the House of Lords. For practical and financial reasons it was decided to house both chambers in one building. Von Hansen's concept of the layout reflected the structure of the Council of the Realm (Reichsrat), as was stipulated by the so-called February Patent of 1861, which laid down the constitutional structure for the empire. The two chambers were connected to each other by the great hypostyle hall, which was the central structure. The hall was supposed to be the meeting point between the commoners and the lords, reflecting the structure of the society back then. 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar) // January 1 - Benito Juárez captures Mexico City January 2 - Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia dies and is succeeded by... In architecture, a hypostyle hall has a flat ceiling which is supported by columns, as in the Hall of Columns at Karnak. ...

The gable has not changed since the monarchy and is decorated with symbols and allegories of the 17 provinces (Kronländer) of the old Austro-Hungarian Empire. The ramp is about four meters high. The pillars are in the Corinthian style. On both ends of the roof are quadrigas. It used to be surrounded by smaller patches of lawns, which have been transformed into parking spaces. The building is up to four storeys high. The House of the Seven Gables, Salem, Massachusetts, showing four gables in this view. ... Kronland is the German name of LanÅ¡kroun, a town in the Czech Republic. ... The Corinthian order as used for the portico of the Pantheon, Rome provided a prominent model for Renaissance and later architects, through the medium of engravings. ...

Roof

Corresponding to the horse-tamers at the Ringstraße ramp, eight quadrigas made out of bronze decorate the roof on both ends. The quadriga is a symbol of victory, driven by the goddess of victory Nike. The attic of both chambers are richly decorated with symbolism. 76 marble statues and 66 reliefs form a decorative ensemble. 44 allegorical statues represent human qualities and branches of human activity, while 32 statues represent famous personalities from the antique era. The reliefs are allegorical as well and correspond to the area of public life that the famous personalities had an impact on. 50 smaller reliefs portray the lands, important cities and rivers of the empire. The roof is for the most part kept in the ancient Greek form, decorated with ancient Greek-style caps and palmettes made out of copper sheet metal. A quadriga (from the Latin language quadri-, four, and jungere, to yoke) is a four-horse chariot, raced in the Olympic Games and other sacred games, and represented in profile as the usual chariot of gods and heroes on Greek vases and bas-reliefs. ... Assorted ancient Bronze castings found as part of a cache, probably intended for recycling. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... In classical architecture, the term attic refers to a storey or low wall above the cornice of a classical façade. ... For other meanings, see Relief (disambiguation) In the art of sculpture, a relief is an artwork where a modelled form projects out of a flat background. ... Caps is the plural of the word cap; see cap (disambiguation). ... An antefix in the form of a palmette As an illustration of the way in which the palmette motif was seen by 19th century architects and decorators, who in Europe, America and elsewhere in colonial cities created their own unending variations on the motif as a kind of hallmark of... General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 4, d Appearance metallic pinkish red Standard atomic weight 63. ...

Material

It was the emperor’s personal wish to use Austrian marble for the construction of the buildings at the Ringstraße. For that purpose, marble from the village of Laas in South Tyrol was brought in and generously used on the Hofburg Imperial Palace and the Reichsratsgebäude. For the architect Baron von Hansen, the white, sturdy stone was perfect, since building blocks for the façade and statues could be made just to look like in ancient Greece. Over the decades and with increased air pollution, the marble has proved remarkably resilient, stronger than its famous counterpart from Carrara. Odo and Laas discuss life as Changelings Chimera is an episode of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine where another Changeling of the Hundred seeks out Odo to learn more about his kind. ... The Autonomous Province of Bolzano-Bozen, or Alto Adige/Südtirol (official in Italian: ; German: ; Ladin: ; also in Italian: ; German: ; Ladin: ) is an autonomous province of Italy. ... Hofburg Neue Burg section, seen from Heldenplatz. ... Air pollution is a chemical, physical (e. ... Carrara is a city in the Massa Carrara province of Tuscany, Italy, famous for the white or blue-gray marble quarried there. ...

Bronzework

Bronze horse tamer (Rossbändiger)

Four bronze statues of the horse tamers are located at the two lower ends of the ramp Auffahrtsrampe. They are a powerful symbol of the suppression of passion, an important precondition for successful parliamentary cooperation. They were designed and executed by J. Lax in the Kaiserlich Königliche Kunst-Erzgießerei in 1897 and 1900. Further bronze works are the two quadrigas on top of the roof, each chariot pulled by four horses and steered by the goddess Nike. The bronze works had to undergo extensive conservation and restoration work in the 1990s, due to acid rain and air pollution. Further oxidation corroded the bronze over the decades and ate holes into the sculptures. For that purpose each sculpture was completely encased into a separate structure to protect them from the elements while they underwent restoration. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1920 × 2560 pixel, file size: 826 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Description: so-called Rossbändiger (horse tamer) made out of bronze in front of the Austrian Parliament building. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1920 × 2560 pixel, file size: 826 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Description: so-called Rossbändiger (horse tamer) made out of bronze in front of the Austrian Parliament building. ... Assorted ancient Bronze castings found as part of a cache, probably intended for recycling. ... A quadriga (from the Latin language quadri-, four, and jungere, to yoke) is a four-horse chariot, raced in the Olympic Games and other sacred games, and represented in profile as the usual chariot of gods and heroes on Greek vases and bas-reliefs. ... For the band, see 1990s (band). ... The term acid rain also known as acid precipitation is commonly used to mean the deposition of acidic components in rain, snow, dew, or dry particles. ... The most fundamental reactions in chemistry are the redox processes. ...

Pallas-Athene-Fountain

Pallas-Athena-Brunnen in front of parliament

The Athena Fountain (Pallas-Athene-Brunnen) in front of the Parliament was erected between 1893 and 1902 by Carl Kundmann, Josef Tautenhayn, and Hugo Haerdlt, based on the plans by Baron von Hansen. In the middle is a water-basin and a richly decorated base. The four lying figures at the foot of Athena are allegorical representations of the four most important rivers of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. They represent at the front the Danube and Inn, in the back part the Elbe and Moldau rivers. On the sides are little cupids riding dolphins. The statues of the Danube, Inn, and the cupids were executed by Haerdtl, those of the Elbe and Moldau by Kundmann. The female statues above represent the legislative and executive powers of the state, executed by Tautenhayn. They are again dominated by the Goddess of Wisdom, Athena standing on a pillar. Athena is dressed in armor with a gilded helmet, her left hand carries a spear, her right carries Nike. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1920 × 2560 pixel, file size: 984 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Description: Statue of Athena in front of the Austrian Parliament building. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1920 × 2560 pixel, file size: 984 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Description: Statue of Athena in front of the Austrian Parliament building. ... Year 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... An allegory (from Greek αλλος, allos, other, and αγορευειν, agoreuein, to speak in public) is a figurative representation conveying a meaning other than and in addition to the literal. ... The Danube (ancient Danuvius, Iranian *dānu, meaning river or stream, ancient Greek Istros) is the longest river in the European Union and Europes second longest river. ... The Inn is a river in Switzerland, Austria and Germany. ... This article is about a river in Central Europe. ... The Vltava (German: Moldau) is the longest river in the Czech Republic, draining north from its source in Šumava through Český Krumlov, České Budějovice and Prague, merging with the Elbe (Labe) at Mělník. ... It has been suggested that Cupid (holiday character) be merged into this article or section. ... Genera See article below. ... A legislature is a governmental deliberative body with the power to adopt laws. ... Helmeted Athena, of the Velletri type. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

Grounds

Monument to Dr. Karl Renner, next to Parliament

Parliament is surrounded by greenery. On the north side the Rathausplatz park is located, on the southern side a smaller lawn next to the Justizpalast. Monuments to the founders of the First Republic as well as to Dr. Karl Renner are located on either ends. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1763x1349, 426 KB)Monument to Karl Renner next to the Austrian Parliament, Ringstraße, Vienna, Austria. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1763x1349, 426 KB)Monument to Karl Renner next to the Austrian Parliament, Ringstraße, Vienna, Austria. ...

Interior

The layout of the Austrian Parliament Building. Click on the image for a key to the annotations.

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

The entrance

The middle axis from east to west is divided into entrance hall, vestibule, atrium, peristyle and then two large rooms at the far end. For the interior decoration Baron von Hansen used Greek architectural elements such as Doric, Ionic and Corinthian pillars, and in the two rooms Pompei-style stucco technique for the walls. A floorplan with a modern vestibule shown in red. ... Looking up inside the 32-story atrium of the Shanghai Grand Hyatt, part of the Jin Mao Building. ... In Roman architecture a peristyle is a columned porch or open colonnade in a building that surrounds a court that may contain an internal garden. ... The Doric order was one of the three orders or organizational systems of Ancient Greek or classical architecture; the other two canonic orders being the Ionic and the Corinthian. ... Architects first real look at the Greek Ionic order: Julien David LeRoy, Les ruines plus beaux des monuments de la Grèce Paris, 1758 (Plate XX) The Ionic order forms one of the three orders or organizational systems of classical architecture, the other two canonic orders being the Doric and... The Corinthian order as used for the portico of the Pantheon, Rome provided a prominent model for Renaissance and later architects, through the medium of engravings. ... Pompeii is a ruined Roman city near modern Naples in the Italian region of Campania, in the territory of the comune of Pompei. ...

The main entrance at the portico is an exact copy of the gate of the Erechtheion on the Akropolis in Athens, and fitted with a bronze portal. From the main entrance at the Ringstraße one passes the vestibule of the building, which contains Ionic pillars. The walls are decorated with Pavonazzo marble. The niches contain statues of Greek gods. Seen from the entrance starting from the left are Apollo, Athena, Zeus, Hera, Hephaestus and from the right Hermes, Demeter, Poseidon, Artemis and Ares. Categories: Architectural elements | Stub ... Erechtheum, from SW The Erechtheum, or Erecththeion, is an ancient Greek temple on the north side of the Acropolis of Athens in Greece, notable for a design that is both elegant and unusual. ... Acropolis in Athens Acropolis (Gr. ... Athens (ancient Greek: αἱ Ἀθῆναι (plural), evolving into the modern αι Αθήναι in Greek until recently, and η Αθήνα nowadays (IPA : singular see below: Origin of the name ) is both the largest and the capital city of Greece, located in the Attica periphery. ... A gate is a point of entry to a space enclosed by walls, or an opening in a fence. ... Florentine Renaissance painter Filippo Lippi placed his Madonna of the 1440s within a simulated shell-headed niche The niche in classical architecture is an exedra or an apse that has been reduced in size, retaining the half-dome heading usual for an apse. ... Lycian Apollo, early Imperial Roman copy of a fourth century Greek original (Louvre Museum) In Greek and Roman mythology, Apollo (Ancient Greek , Apóllōn; or , Apellōn), the ideal of the kouros (a beardless youth), was the archer-god of medicine and healing, light, truth, archery and also a... Helmeted Athena, of the Velletri type. ... The Statue of Zeus at Olympia Phidias created the 12-m (40-ft) tall statue of Zeus at Olympia about 435 BC. The statue was perhaps the most famous sculpture in Ancient Greece, imagined here in a 16th century engraving Zeus (in Greek: nominative: Zeús, genitive: Diós), is... In the Olympian pantheon of classical Greek Mythology, Hera, (Greek , IPA pronunciation ; or Here in Ionic and in Homer) was the wife and older sister of Zeus. ... Hephaestus, Greek god of forging, riding a Donkey; Greek drinking cup (skyphos) made in the 5th century BC Hephaestus (IPA pronunciation: or ; Greek Hêphaistos) was the Greek god whose Roman equivalent was Vulcan; he was the god of technology including, specifically blacksmiths, craftsmen, artisans, sculptors, metals and metallurgy, and... Hermes bearing the infant Dionysus, by Praxiteles, found at the Heraion, Olympia, 1877 Hermes (Greek, , IPA: ), in Greek mythology, is the Olympian god of boundaries and of the travelers who cross them, of shepherds and cowherds, of orators and wit, of literature and poets, of athletics, of weights and measures... Ceres (Demeter), allegory of August: detail of a fresco by Cosimo Tura, Palazzo Schifanoia, Ferrara, 1469-70. ... Neptune reigns in the city of Bristol. ... The Diana of Versailles, a Roman copy of a sculpture by Leochares (Louvre Museum) In Greek mythology, Artemis (Greek: (nominative) , (genitive) ) was the daughter of Zeus and Leto and the twin sister of Apollo. ... In Greek mythology, Ares (Greek: ) is the son of Zeus (ruler of the gods) and Hera. ...

Above the niches with the gods is a frieze by the Viennese artist Alois Hans Schram, running along the corridor and continuing in the atrium. The frieze is more than 100 meters long. It is an allegorical depiction of the blessing of Peace, the civic Virtues and Patriotism. Frieze of the Tower of the Winds. ... A peace dove, widely known as a symbol for peace, featuring an olive branch in the doves beak. ... Personification of virtue (Greek ἀρετή) in Celsus Library in Ephesos, Turkey Virtue (Latin virtus; Greek ) is moral excellence of a person. ... This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. ...

Above the entrance that leads to the grand Hall of Pillars (Säulenhalle) is a frieze with an allegorical depiction of Austria on her throne. Representing the motto "Goods and Blood for thy country" (Gut und Blut furs Vaterland), warriors are swearing their loyalty and women are bringing offerings.

Hall of Pillars

Located behind the entrance atrium is the grand Hall of Pillars (Säulenhalle) or peristyle. The hall is about 40 meters long and 23 meters broad. The 24 corinthian pillars are made out of Adnet marble, all of them monoliths weighing around 16 tons each. The pillars carry the skylight main ceiling in the middle and the coffered side ceilings. The floor is made out of polished marble, which rests on a concrete hull. The space below was designed to be used as a hypocaust for floor heating and air circulation system of the hall. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Looking up inside the 32-story atrium of the Shanghai Grand Hyatt, part of the Jin Mao Building. ... In Roman architecture a peristyle is a columned porch or open colonnade in a building that surrounds a court that may contain an internal garden. ... The Corinthian order as used for the portico of the Pantheon, Rome provided a prominent model for Renaissance and later architects, through the medium of engravings. ... Adnet, Austria Adnet is a lovely community of 3. ... A monolith is a geological or technological feature such as a mountain, consisting of a single massive stone or rock. ... Look up ton in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The word skylight, when used alone, has several possible meanings in the English language. ... This intricate ceiling is part of the Capitol Theatre in Melbourne, Australia, designed by architect Walter Burley Griffin. ... Ruins of the hypocaust under the floor of a Roman villa. ...

Located at the transverse axis on either ends from the Hall of Pillars is the chamber of the former House of Representatives (on the left side) and the chamber of the former House of Lords (on the right side). The architect von Hansen's idea was to have the Hall of Pillars as the main central part of the building. It was designed to act as a meeting point between the House of Lords and the House of Representatives. Hansen also wanted to have the hall used by the monarch for the State Opening of Parliament and the Speech from the Throne, similar to the British tradition. However such ceremonies were never held in the building, since Emperor Franz Joseph I had a personal disdain for the parliamentary body. Speeches from the Throne in front of the parliamentarians were held in the Hofburg Palace instead. Transverse axis may refer to: Transverse axis (aircraft) Transverse axis (mathematics) Category: ... In the United Kingdom, the State Opening of Parliament is an annual event held usually in October or November that marks the commencement of a session of Parliament. ... Queen Elizabeth II reads Canadas Speech from the Throne in 1977 The Speech from the Throne (or Throne Speech) is an event in certain monarchies in which the monarch (or a representative) reads a prepared speech to a complete session of parliament, outlining the governments agenda for the...

The Hall of Pillars is an epitome of classical perfection. The architect von Hansen paid particular attention to the design and construction of this hall. Not only architecturally and design-wise is this his masterpiece, the building material itself is of the highest quality. The marble floor was polished in a complicated process. The capitals of the pillars were gilded with 23 carat (96%) gold. Running around at the wall was a frieze, which was 126 meters long and 2.3 meters tall. It was designed and painted by Eduard Lebiedzki. The monumental piece of work took decades to prepare and design, and it took four years, from 1907 until 1911, to paint. The frieze showed allegories on a golden background, depicting the duties of parliament. An epitome (Greek epitemnein—to cut short) is a summary or miniature form, also used as a synonym for embodiment. ... Carat is a measure of the purity of gold and platinum alloys. ... Frieze of the Tower of the Winds. ... Year 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

The hall was heavily damaged by aerial bombardments by British and American bombers during World War II. On February 7, 1945 the hall sufferend direct hits by aerial bombs. At least two pillars and the skylight were complete destroyed. The gilded coffered side ceilings under which the frieze ran on the walls was almost completely destroyed. The few surviving parts of the frieze were removed and stored. Only in the 1990s were the surviving parts restored as much as possible. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945and died 2007 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ...

Because of its representative character, the Hall of Pillars is presently used by the President of the National Council and the Federal Council for festive functions, as well as the traditional parliamentary reception.

Located at the back of the Hall of Pillars is the reception salon (room) (Empfangssalon) of the President of the National Council. The room is fitted with pompeian wall decorations in stucco and a large glass skylight. Hanging on the wall are portraits of the President of the National Council since 1945. A drawing room is a room in a house where visitors may be entertained. ... Pompeii is a ruined Roman city near modern Naples in the Italian region of Campania, in the territory of the comune of Pompei. ... The word skylight, when used alone, has several possible meanings in the English language. ...

Further behind the reception salon is the former reception hall for both chambers of the Reichsrat. It is used today for committee meetings and hearings on financial-, state budget-, and audit court matters by the National Council, therefore its present name Budgetsaal. The hall is richly decorated with marble, stucco, and a rich coffered ceiling in the Renaissance style. Laid into the ceiling are the coat of arms of the 17 Kronländer kingdoms and lands represented in the Reichsrat. Look up reception in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... An audit is an evaluation of an organization, system, process, project or product. ... A trial at the Old Bailey in London as drawn by Thomas Rowlandson and Augustus Pugin for Ackermanns Microcosm of London (1808-11). ... This intricate ceiling is part of the Capitol Theatre in Melbourne, Australia, designed by architect Walter Burley Griffin. ... A modern coat of arms is derived from the medi val practice of painting designs onto the shield and outer clothing of knights to enable them to be identified in battle, and later in tournaments. ...

Former House of Representatives Chamber

Chamber of the former House of Representatives (Abgeordnetenhaus)

The Abgeordnetenhaus

The chamber of the former House of Representatives (Abgeordnetenhaus) is used today by the Federal Assembly (Bundesversammlung) whenever it convenes for special occasions such as National Day and the inauguration ceremony of a newly-elected Federal President of Austria. The chamber is built in a semi-circle with 34 meters in diameter and 22.5 meters in depth. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 532 pixelsFull resolution (821 × 546 pixel, file size: 209 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Description: Old Chamber of the House of Representatives (Abgeordnetenhaus) in the Austrian Parliament Building Source: http://www. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 532 pixelsFull resolution (821 × 546 pixel, file size: 209 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Description: Old Chamber of the House of Representatives (Abgeordnetenhaus) in the Austrian Parliament Building Source: http://www. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Federal Assembly of Austria or Österreichische Bundesversammlung is a federal-level deliberative body consisting of the members of the two houses of the Austrian parliament, the National Council and the Federal Council, in joint session. ... It has been suggested that National holiday be merged into this article or section. ... The Leopoldine Wing of Hofburg Imperial Palace in Vienna: home to the offices of the Federal President. ... DIAMETER is an AAA protocol (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) succeeding its predecessor RADIUS. // The name is a pun on the RADIUS protocol, which is the predecessor (a diameter is twice the radius). ...

It originally contained 364 seats. With the introduction of various electoral reforms, the number was increased to 425 seats in 1896 and with the introduction of the male universal suffrage in 1907 to 516 seats. Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ... Year 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

The chamber has viewing galleries on two levels. The first gallery has in the middle the box for the head of state. The right side of the gallery is for the diplomatic corps and the left side for the cabinet and family members of the head of state. On both far ends are the seats for journalists. The gallery on the second level, which is slightly recessed from the one on the first level, is for the general public. An auditorium is the area within a theatre, concert hall or other performance space where the audience is located in order to hear and watch the performance. ... For the Wikipedia term see Wikipedia:Userboxes An empty corrugated box An elaborate wooden box Boxes are highly variable receptacles. ... The diplomatic corps, or in French (formerly the lingua franca of diplomacy; hence the term is still used e. ...

The chamber is architecturally based on an ancient Greek theatron. The wall behind the presidium is designed like an antique skene with marble colonnades that carry a gable. The group of figures in the gable are made ouf of Laas-marble and depict the allegorical times of the day. The columns and pilasters of the wall are made out of marble from Untersberg, the stylobates out of dark marble, the decorations of the doors out of red Salzburg-marble. The wall space between the pillars is made out of grey scagliola, with niches in between decorated with statues made out of Carrara-marble. The statues show historical persons such as Numa Pompilius, Cincinnatus, Quintus Fabius Maximus, Cato the Elder, Gaius Gracchus, Cicero, Manlius Torquatus, Augustus, Seneca the Younger and Constantine the Great. The friezes above were painted by August Eisenmenger and depict the history of the emergence of civic life. Starting from left to right it shows: The Dionysos Theatre in Athens built into the Acropolis, ~3rd century BC. The Greek theatre (AE theater) or Greek drama is a theatrical tradition that flourished in ancient Greece between c. ... The House of the Seven Gables, Salem, Massachusetts, showing four gables in this view. ... Odo and Laas discuss life as Changelings Chimera is an episode of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine where another Changeling of the Hundred seeks out Odo to learn more about his kind. ... Untersberg The Untersberg is a mountain massif in the Alps, between Berchtesgaden, Germany and Salzburg, Austria. ... In Greek architecture, stylobate is a platform on which colonnades of columns are placed (it is the floor of the temple). ...   (Austro-Bavarian: SÃ¥izburg) is the fourth-largest city in Austria and the capital of the federal state of Salzburg. ... Scagliola (from the Italian scaglia, meaning chips) is a technique for producing plasterwork columns, sculptures, and other architectural elements that resemble marble. ... rome hotel According to legend, Numa Pompilius was the second of the Kings of Rome, succeeding Romulus. ... With one hand he returns the fasces, symbol of power as appointed dictator of Rome. ... Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus (c. ... Marcus Porcius Cato (Latin: M·PORCIVS·M·F·CATO[1]) (234 BC, Tusculum–149 BC) was a Roman statesman, surnamed the Censor (Censorius), Sapiens, Priscus, or the Elder (Major), to distinguish him from Cato the Younger (his great-grandson). ... Gaius Gracchus (Latin: C·SEMPRONIVS·TI·F·P·N·GRACCVS) (154 BC-121 BC) was a Roman politician of the 2nd century BC. He was the younger brother of Tiberius Gracchus and, like him, pursued a popular political agenda that ultimately ended in his death. ... Cicero at about age 60, from an ancient marble bust Marcus Tullius Cicero (IPA:Classical Latin pronunciation: , usually pronounced in American English or in British English; January 3, 106 BC – December 7, 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, political theorist, philosopher, widely considered one of Romes greatest orators... Manlius Torquatus was a dictator of the Roman Republic during the 3rd century BC. He is most remembered for annexing and pacifying the island of Sardinia and for preventing its reclamation by Carthage. ... For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ... Bust, traditionally thought to be Seneca, now identified by some as Hesiod. ... Constantine. ... A termite cathedral mound produced by a termite colony: a classic example of emergence in nature. ...

1.Kampf der Kentauren und Lapithen (Battle of the Centaurs and Lapithes)

2.Minos richtet nach eigenem Ermessen (Minos judges according to his own)

3.Einsetzung der Volksvertretung in Sparta (Swearing-in of the representatives of Sparta)

4.Brutus verurteilt seine Söhne (Brutus condemns his sons)

5.Menenius Agrippa versöhnt die Stände (Menenius Agrippa reconciles the estates)

6.Sophokles im Wettkampf mit Aischylos (Sophokles in competition with Aischylos)

7.Sokrates auf dem Markte von Athen (Sokrates visiting the market of Athens)

8.Anordnung der Prachtbauten durch Perikles (The order of the representative buildings through Pericles. Note: the head of Pericles actually has the features of Baron Theophil von Hansen)

9.Herodot in Olympia

10.Plato lehrt die Gesetze (Plato teaches law)

11.Demosthenes redet zum Volke (Demosthenes addresses the people)

12.Decius Mus weiht sich dem Tode (Decius Mus dedicates himself to death)

13.Caius Gracchus auf der Rednertribüne (Caius Gracchus holds a speech from the speaker's platform)

14.Solon läßt die Athener auf die Gesetze schwören (Solon has the Athenians swear on the laws)

15.der Friede (Peace)

The chamber of the House of Representatives was important for the history of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Many politicians started their career as deputies such as Karl Renner, later chancellor and president of Austria, and Leopold Kunschak, later conservative leader. Other deputies from outside core Austria played important roles in their native countries after the First and Second World War. When Karl Renner became Federal President, he once gave a speech honouring the historic importance and function of the old chamber: "Dieser Saal, in dem wir heute versammelt sind, und die Institution, die hier getagt hat, sind trotz ... ihrer Ergebnislosigkeit denkwürdig! Es gab vor- und nachdem nichts dergleichen in der Welt! Der Reichsrat von 1911 bis 1914 war der Ratssaal von acht Nationen, die nach der staatlichen Rechtsform ihres gemeinsamen Daseins suchten ... Der Erste Weltkrieg hat diesen geschichtlich gewordenen und zu großen Hoffnungen berechtigenden Völkerbund im kleinen zersprengt und an dessen Stelle Nationalstaaten gesetzt. Vorgebliche Nationalstaaten! Denn sie beherbergten in sich selbst neben einer herrschenden mehrere dienende Nationen und boten schon dadurch allein den Anreiz und Anstoß zum Zweiten Weltkrieg ... jene Volksvertretung, zu der der Reichsrat gediehen war, löste sich auf in Nationalräte." Important politicians who started their career and had their first democratic experience later played important roles in their native countries after the end of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In Austria Karl Renner Monument to Karl Renner next to the Austrian Parliament, Ringstraße, Vienna, Austria Karl Renner (December 14, 1870 - December 31, 1950) was an Austrian politician. ...

• Karl Renner, former deputy of Moravia, later Federal Chancellor and President of Austria
• Leopold Kunschak, former deputy of Lower Austria, later Austrian conservative leader

In Czechoslovakia Karl Renner Monument to Karl Renner next to the Austrian Parliament, Ringstraße, Vienna, Austria Karl Renner (December 14, 1870 - December 31, 1950) was an Austrian politician. ... Flag of Moravia Moravia (Czech and Slovak: Morava; German: ; Hungarian: ; Polish: ) is a historical region in the east of the Czech RepublicCzechia. ... Map of Lower Austria showing districts and the four quarters (Waldviertel in green, Weinviertel in red, Mostviertel in yellow and Industrieviertel in blue) Lower Austria (de: Niederösterreich) is one of the nine states or Bundesländer in Austria. ...

• Tomáš Masaryk, former delegate from Bohemia, later first President of Czechoslovakia
• Karel Kramář, former delegate from Bohemia, later first Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia
• Vlastimil Tusar, former delegate from Bohemia, later Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia und
• Bohumír Šmeral, former delegate from Bohemia, later Czechoslovak Communist leader,

in Poland Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, portrait by Josef Jindřich Šechtl, 1918 Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (IPA: ), sometimes called Thomas Masaryk in English, (March 7, 1850 - September 14, 1937) was an advocate of Czechoslovak independence during WW I and became the first President of Czechoslovakia. ... Flag of Bohemia Bohemia (Czech: ; German: ) is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western and middle thirds of the Czech Republic. ... Karel Kramář Karel Kramář (December 27, 1860 - May 26, 1937) was a Czech politician. ... Vlastimil Tusar Vlastimil Tusar (18 October 1880 Prague–22 March 1924 Berlin) was a Czechoslovak journalist and political figure. ... Bohumír Šmeral Bohumír Šmeral (October 25, 1880 in Třebíč - May 8, 1941 in Moscow) was a Czech politician, leader of the social democracy and one of founders of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. ...

• Ignacy Daszyński, former delegate from Galicia, later Sejm Marshal of the Second Polish Republic,
• Wincenty Witos, former delegate from Galicia, later Prime Minister of Poland,

in Italy Ignacy Daszyński Ignacy Daszyński (1866-1936) was a Polish politician. ... Coat-of-arms of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria Galicia (Ukrainian: , Polish: , Russian: , German: , Hungarian: , Czech: , Yiddish: , Turkish: , Romanian: ) is a historical region in East Central Europe, currently divided between Poland and Ukraine. ... Wincenty Witos Wincenty Witos (1874 - 1945) was an actvist of the Polish Peasant Party (PSL) from 1895 and leader of Piast faction from 1913. ...

• Alcide De Gasperi, former delegate from the Tyrol, later Prime Minister of Italy,

in Yugoslavia Alcide De Gasperi (3 April 1881 – 19 August 1954) was an Italian statesman and politician. ... Coat of arms of Tyrol: *[1] The Tyrol is a historical region in Western Central Europe, which includes the Austrian state of Tyrol (consisting of North Tyrol and East Tyrol) and the Italian regions known as the South Tyrol and Trentino. ...

• Anton Korošec, former delegate from Styria, later Prime Minister of Yugoslavia

The institution of the imperial Austrian Reichsrat was the recruiting school of central- and southeastern Democracy and Socialism. Anton Korosec(born May 12, 1872, Wisserian, Styria, Austria-Hungary [now in Slovenia]died Dec. ... Styria (Steiermark in German, Štajerska in Slovenian) can refer to: Styria - a federal state of Austria Styria - an informal province in Slovenia Styria - a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire and crownland of Austria-Hungary This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that... Recruit (from the French recrue, from the verb recroître to grow again, i. ... Students in Rome, Italy. ...

National Council Chamber

National Council Chamber

Since 1920 the former meeting room of the House of Lords has been used as plenary meeting room by the National Council. The House of Lords (Herrenhaus) used to have its chamber where today the National Council convenes. The chamber was designed in the classical style, with a horseshoe-shaped seating arrangement facing the chair. The Chamber of the National Council was destroyed in 1945 during aerial bombardments and was completely rebuilt in a modern style. The new chamber was finished in 1956 and is a typical example of the 1950’s architecture. Apart from the coat of arms made out of steel, the chamber is lacklustre without any decoration. The carpet is kept in mint-green, since back then that was not the colour of any party and considered most neutral. Green was also said to have a soothing effect, something that apparently weighed into the decision considering the tumultuous debates the building had to endure before the two World Wars. Behind the speaker's pult is the government bench (Regierungsbank), which is however only completely occupied during important events such as the declaration of the government (Regierungserklärung) or the state budget speech (Budgetrede). Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Year 1945and died 2007 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... The aerial bombing of cities became a common tactic in World War II. World War I The first ever aerial bombardment of civilians was on January 19, 1915, in which two German Zeppelins dropped 24 fifty-kilogram high-explosive bombs and ineffective three-kilogram incendiaries on Great Yarmouth, Sheringham, Kings... Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A modern coat of arms is derived from the medi val practice of painting designs onto the shield and outer clothing of knights to enable them to be identified in battle, and later in tournaments. ...

Federal Council Chamber

Chamber of the Federal Council (Bundesrat)

Located next to the Chamber of the former House of Lords is the current Chamber of the Federal Council of Austria (Bundesrat). The room was used by the Lords as an antechamber and informal meeting room. After the end of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the new republican constitution in 1920, the former Lords room became the Chamber for the Federal Council. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Federal Council of Austria or Bundesrat is one of the two separate councils of parliament of Austria. ... A smaller room serving as an entryway into a larger room. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ...

The seating arrangement of the present Chamber of the Federal Council is similar to the other two great chamber halls. Member of the Federal Council sit in a semi-circle, facing the presidium. In front of the presidium is the cabinet bench. The furniture was completely renewed in 1999. In 1970, the coat of arms of Austria as well as the nine states was installed above the presidium. The Presidium or Praesidium (from Latin praesidium meaning protection or defense so plural presidia or praesidia) is the name for the executive committee of various legislative and organizational bodies. ... Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... The Coat of Arms of Austria has been used since the end of World War I to symbolize Austria. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

Other rooms

Security

Culture and tourism

The exterior of the Austrian Parliament—especially the statue and fountain of Athena—is one of the most visited tourist attractions in Vienna. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) classifies the inner city of Vienna, including the Ringstraße and thus the Parliament Building as a World Heritage Site. It is also a Grade I listed building. There is no casual access to the interior, but it may be seen in a number of ways: UNESCO logo UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ... A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State...

Since October 2005 a visitors-centre has been built and opened. Visitors can enter the building now not from the old side-entrance, but from the front at ground level. Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• Hungarian Parliament Building
• Palace of Westminster

Conference Hall The Hungarian Parliament Building (hu: Országház) is the seat of the National Assembly of Hungary, one of the worlds greatest legislative buildings, a notable landmark of Hungary and a popular tourist destination of Budapest. ... “Houses of Parliament” redirects here. ...

References

• Theophil von Hansen (1873). Das neu zu erbauende Parlamentshaus in Wien. In: Zeitschrift des österreichischen Ingenieur- und Architektenverein, 1873. ISSN 0372-9605

• Felix Czeike. Wien: Kunst & Kultur. Sueddeutscher Verlag, Munich. 1973. ISBN 3-7991-5769-7

• Bundesimmobiliengesellschaft, Wolfgang Baatz, Friedrich Dahm, Brigitte Hamann, Eva Maria Höhle, Erich Klein, Claudia Riff-Podgorschek and Ute Woltron (ed.). Das neue Palais Epstein: Zur Geschichte des schönsten Palais der Wiener Ringstraße. Löcker Verlag, Vienna. 2005. ISBN 3-85409-433-7

• Bundeskanzleramt, Bundespressedienst. Österreich 2005: Das Lesebuch zum Jubiläumsjahr. Residenz Verlag, St. Pölten. 2004. ISBN 3-7017-1407-X

• Heinz Fischer, Barbara Blümel, Günther Schefbeck. Das Österreichische Parlament /The Austrian Parliament. Parlamentsdirektion, Vienna. 2000. ISBN 3-901991-02-6

• Janos Kalmar, Andreas Lehne. Die Wiener Ringstraße. Pichler Verlag, Vienna. 1999. ISBN 3-85058-167-5

• Andreas P. Pittler. Von der Donaumonarchie zum vereinten Europa: 20 Reichtagsabgeordnete, die Geschichte schrieben. Wieser Verlag, Klagenfurt. 2003. ISBN 3-85129-409-2

• Franz J. Weissenböck, Leopold B. Fruhmann, Maria L. Janota, Andreas Pittler. Das österreichische Parlament. Bd 1: Seine Erscheinung vom Ring /Bd 2: Das Haus im Inneren /Bd 3: Umgebung und Dach. Parlamentsdirektion, Vienna. 2004. ISBN 3-901991-10-7

External links

• Official website
• AEIOU |Parlament
• Vienna Tourist Board |Parliament & Palais Epstein
• Austrian Parliament Building map