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Auto Union was a joint venture of four German automobile manufacturers, established in 1932 in Zwickau, Saxony, during the Great Depression. The company has evolved into present day Audi, as an independent subsidiary of Volkswagen. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2272 × 1704 pixels, file size: 1. ...
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Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1000x765, 256 KB) Auto Union Wanderer W25K, 1936 photo taken by de:User:Wilfried Wittkowsky in 2005 first upload: May 23, 2005 - de:Wikipedia File links The following pages link to this file: Auto Union ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1000x765, 256 KB) Auto Union Wanderer W25K, 1936 photo taken by de:User:Wilfried Wittkowsky in 2005 first upload: May 23, 2005 - de:Wikipedia File links The following pages link to this file: Auto Union ...
“Car†and “Cars†redirect here. ...
Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1932 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Zwickau is a city of Germany, in the Bundesland Saxony (Sachsen), situated in a valley at the foot of the Erzgebirge, on the left bank of the Zwickauer Mulde, 130 km (82 miles) southwest of Dresden, south of Leipzig and south west of Chemnitz. ...
Location Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) Administration Country NUTS Region DED Capital Dresden Minister-President Georg Milbradt (CDU) Governing parties CDU / SPD Votes in Bundesrat 4 (from 69) Basic statistics Area 18,416 km² (7,110 sq mi) Population 4,252,000 (11/2006)[1] - Density 231 /km...
For other uses, see The Great Depression (disambiguation). ...
Audi AG is a German automobile manufacturer with headquarters in Ingolstadt, Bavaria, and has been an almost wholly owned (99. ...
Volkswagen AG (ISIN: DE0007664005), or VW, is an automobile manufacturer based in Wolfsburg, Germany. ...
The trademark of Auto Union was a symbol of four overlapping rings, symbolizing the four member companies (all four in a line, in an attempt to avoid confusion with the 5 Olympic rings). The trademarks and company names of the member companies - Horch, Audi, DKW and Wanderer - were continued; the four ring logo was used only in racing. The four ring logo of Auto Union is still a trademark, and now used by Audi. They continued to market the two-stroke engined DKW brand until 1964. “(TM)†redirects here. ...
Among the recognizable Olympic symbols: The Olympic flag: A white flag with the Olympic Rings on it in five colours. ...
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Horch vehicles Horch was the popular name for high-performance luxury motor cars manufactured in Germany by the company, August Horch & Cie, at the beginning of the 20th century. ...
DKW Auto Union logotype Dampf-Kraft Wagen (German: steam-powered vehicle) or DKW is a historic car and motorcycle marque. ...
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Wanderer vehicles Wanderer was a German automobile manufacturer from 1911 to 1939. ...
The two-stroke cycle of an internal combustion engine differs from the more common four-stroke cycle by having only two strokes (linear movements of the piston) instead of four, although the same four operations (intake, compression, power, exhaust) still occur. ...
It is best known for its racing team (Auto Union Rennabteilung, based in Zwickau), which was the main opponent of Mercedes-Benz in 1930s Grand Prix motor racing. The Silver Arrows of these two teams dominated not only GP car racing from 1934 onwards, but set records that would take decades to beat. For example, the power levels of the unlimited 1937 models were only equalled in the early 1980s by turbocharged Formula One Grand Prix cars. This page is about the Mercedes-Benz brand of automobiles and trucks from the DaimlerChrysler automobile manufacturer. ...
The 1930s (years from 1930–1939) were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known as the World Depression. ...
Grand Prix motor racing has its roots in organised automobile racing that began in France as far back as 1894. ...
Silver Arrow – 1939 Grossglockner hillclimb Silver Arrows was the name given by the press to Germanys dominant Mercedes-Benz and Auto Union Grand Prix motor racing cars between 1934 and 1939, and also later applied to the Mercedes-Benz Formula One and sports cars in 1954/55. ...
The 1980s refers to the years from 1980 to 1989. ...
F1 redirects here. ...
The Auto Union racing cars
 Auto Union Type D Hillclimb car; note the dual rear wheels on each side The Auto Union race cars were designed by the famous engineer Ferdinand Porsche; they were based on an earlier design he had done using a mid-engined layout similar to the famous 1923 Benz Tropfenwagen, or "Teardrop" aerodynamic design. (That unique car was built under the direction of Max Wagner, who was now at Daimler-Benz, and was raced by his current business partner, Adolf Rosenberger.) Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 708 KB)Auto Union Type C/D Hill climb car I took this photo with a Fujifilm FinePix 6900Z at the museum mobile in the Audi Forum Ingolstadt on June 9, 2002. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 708 KB)Auto Union Type C/D Hill climb car I took this photo with a Fujifilm FinePix 6900Z at the museum mobile in the Audi Forum Ingolstadt on June 9, 2002. ...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
In Automobile design, an MR or Mid-engine, Rear wheel drive layout drives the rear wheels with an engine placed just in front of them, behind the passenger compartment. ...
Karl Benz Karl Friedrich Benz, for whom an alternate French spelling of Carl is used ocassionaly, (November 25, 1844, Karlsruhe, Germany – April 4, 1929, Ladenburg, Germany) was a German engine designer and automobile engineer, generally regarded as the inventor of the gasoline-powered automobile. ...
Daimler-Benz AG was founded on May 1, 1924 by the merger of Benz & Cie. ...
The mid-engined cars, where the drivers sat in front of the engines, were unusual; it took over 20 years until this concept, made famous in these cars, became generally adopted in motor racing. This was mostly because the cars were said to be hard to master, which was in part due to the swing axle rear suspension design initially adopted by Porsche (relatively advanced for its day, it is now utterly obsolete because of its many problems), although other factors (such as simple unfamiliarity with the very different handling characteristics) were also involved in creating that reputation. A swing axle suspension is a simple type of independent suspension used in automobiles. ...
The front suspension components of a Ford Model T. Suspension is the term given to the system of springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels. ...
This article is about the auto company. ...
The cars used supercharged engines that eventually produced almost 550 horsepower (which also contributed toward the handling difficulties, as it promoted oversteer which the cars already had in abundance). The engine was originally the V16 engine that Porsche had started designing earlier; when, starting in 1938, the maximum engine displacement for Grand Prix cars was limited to 3 litres for blown engines, it became a V12. It was originally designed to 6 litre specifications, but would start at 4,360 cc and 295 bhp. It had two cylinder blocks, inclined at an angle of 45 degrees, with a single overhead camshaft to operate all 32 valves. The engine was designed to provide optimum torque at low engine speeds. (Bernd Rosemeyer later drove one around the Nürburgring in a single gear, to prove the engine was flexible enough to do it!) For other meanings, see supercharger (disambiguation) A supercharger (sometimes called a blower), a positive displacement or centrifugal pump, is a gas compressor used to pump air into the cylinders of an internal combustion engine. ...
Components of a typical, four stroke cycle, DOHC piston engine. ...
This article is about a unit of measurement. ...
Ideally, when the car reaches the turn, the driver will steer it along the line marked with green dots. ...
A V16 is an internal combustion engine in V configuration, having 16 cylinders. ...
Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
One complete cycle of a four cylinder, four stroke engine. ...
A V12 is an internal combustion engine with 12 cylinders in V configuration. ...
Bernd Rosemeyer (born October 14, 1909 in Lingen, Lower Saxony, Germany – died January 28, 1938 on the Frankfurt/Darmstadt Autobahn) was a German racing driver. ...
Detailed Nürburgring map showing both the Nordschleife and the new GP section. ...
The suspension would be all-independent but, unlike the Mercedes, would use parallel trailing arms and torsion bars at the front, while at the rear it initially used swing half-axles and a transverse leaf spring, the latter eventually being replaced by torsion bars, with radius arms added to absorb the torque. For the 3-litre V12 car, the rear suspension would be replaced with a de Dion suspension, following the lead of Mercedes-Benz but it was too late to do anything about the reputation the cars had gained. A trailing-arm suspension is an automobile suspension design in which one or more arms (or links) are connected between (and perpendicular to) the axle and the chassis. ...
A torsion spring is a ribbon, bar, or coil that reacts against twisting motion. ...
Torque applied via an adjustable end wrench Relationship between force, torque, and momentum vectors in a rotating system In physics, torque (or often called a moment) can informally be thought of as rotational force or angular force which causes a change in rotational motion. ...
A de Dion tube is an automobile suspension technology. ...
The fuel tank was located in the center of the car, directly behind the driver (who would be placed well towards the front), so that the car's front-rear weight distribution would remain unchanged as the fuel was used - the exact same location used in modern open-wheel racing cars, and for the same reason. The chassis tubes were initially used as water carriers from the radiator to the engine, but this was eventually abandoned after they often sprung small leaks.
Much has been written about the difficult handling characteristics of this car, but its tremendous power and acceleration were undeniable - a driver could induce wheelspin at over 100 mph! A specialized hill climbing version of the car, equipped with dual rear wheels on each side to provide the traction needed to transfer this power, was built. Hill climbing is a graph search algorithm where the current path is extended with a successor node which is closer to the solution than the end of the current path. ...
Additional work was needed on the car's cornering behavior; accelerating out of a corner would cause the inside rear wheel to spin furiously. This was much abated by the use of a Ferdinand Porsche innovation, a ZF manufactured limited slip differential, introduced at the end of the 1935 season. The body was subjected to strenuous testing in the wind tunnel of the German Institute for Aerodynamics. This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
ZF Friedrichshafen AG (meaning Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen Aktiengesellschaft which was until 1992 the name of the company) is a leading supplier of automobile transmissions. ...
In automotive applications, a limited slip differential (LSD) is a modified or derived type of differential gear arrangement that allows for some difference in rotational velocity of the output shafts, but does not allow the difference in speed to increase beyond a preset amount. ...
1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ...
Racing results This section only includes results of second or better.
The list of drivers for the initial 1934 season was headed by Hans Stuck; he won the German, Swiss and Czechoslovakian Grand Prix races (as well as finishing second in the Italian and Eifel Grands Prix), along with wins in a number of hill-climb races, becoming European Mountain Champion. (There was no European Championship for the circuit races that year, or he would have won that too.) August Momberger placed second in the Swiss Grand Prix. Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Hans Stuck (sometimes called Hans Stuck von Villiez) (born December 27, 1900 - died February 9, 1978) was a German auto racing driver. ...
The Czechoslovakian Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor racing event first held on September 28, 1930 at the Masaryk Circuit in the town of Brno in Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic). ...
European Championship (auto racing) - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...
In 1935, the engine had been enlarged to five litres displacement, producing 370 bhp. Achille Varzi joined the team and won the Tunis Grand Prix and the Coppa Acerbo (along with placing second in the Tripoli Grand Prix). Stuck won the Italian Grand Prix (along with second at the German Grand Prix), plus his usual collection of hill-climb wins, again taking the European Mountain Championship. The new sensation, Bernd Rosemeyer, won the Czech Grand Prix (and managed a second at the Eifel Grand Prix and Coppa Acerbo). Achille Varzi, born August 8, 1904 – died July 1, 1948, was an Italian Grand Prix motor racing champion. ...
The Coppa Acerbo was an automobile race held in Italy, named after Tito Acerbo (the brother of Giacomo Acerbo). ...
The Tripoli Grand Prix in Libya was first held in 1925 and ended in 1940 following the onset of World War II. Part of the Grand Prix circuit, the race was held on a 71. ...
Bernd Rosemeyer (born October 14, 1909 in Lingen, Lower Saxony, Germany – died January 28, 1938 on the Frankfurt/Darmstadt Autobahn) was a German racing driver. ...
For 1936, the engine had grown to the full 6 litres, and was now producing 520 bhp; in the hands of Rosemeyer and his team-mates, the Auto Union Type C dominated the racing world. Rosemeyer won the Eifel, German, Swiss and Italian Grands Prix and the Coppa Acerbo (as well as second in the Hungarian Grand Prix). He was crowned European Champion (Auto Union's only win of the driver's championship), and for good measure also took the European Mountain Championship. Varzi won the Tripoli Grand Prix (and took second at the Monaco, Milan and Swiss Grands Prix). Stuck placed second in the Tripoli and German Grands Prix, and Ernst von Delius took second in the Coppa Acerbo. 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...
The first Hungarian Grand Prix (Magyar Nagydij) was held on June 21, 1936 over a 3. ...
The European Championship was the top honour in auto racing prior to the establishment of the World Championship for Drivers after World War II. It was awarded from 1935 through 1939, based on the results of selected Grand Prix races, the Grandes Epreuves, one for each country, each the most...
Ernst von Delius (born in Plessa, March 29, 1912 - dead July 26, 1937) was an auto racer driver from Germany. ...
In 1937, the car was basically unchanged and did surprisingly well against the new Mercedes-Benz W125, winning 5 races to the 7 of Mercedes-Benz. Rosemeyer took the Eifel and Donington Grands Prix, the Coppa Acerbo, and the Vanderbilt Cup (and well as second in the Tripoli Grand Prix). Rudolf Hasse won the Belgian Grand Prix (Stuck placed second). von Delius managed second in the Avus Grand Prix. Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Vanderbilt Cup race start, 1910 The Vanderbilt Cup was the first major trophy in American auto racing. ...
Rudolf Hasse (born in Mittweida, Saxony, May 30, 1906 - died in russian front, August 12, 1942) was a most famous German auto driver, winners of most Grand Prix. ...
This article is about Formula One race. ...
In addition to the new 3-litre formula, 1938 brought other challenges, principally the death of Rosemeyer early in the year, in an attempt on the land speed record. The famed Tazio Nuvolari joined the team, and won the Italian and Donington Grands Prix, in what was otherwise a thin year for the team, other than yet another European Mountain Championship for Stuck. Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Ralph DePalma in his Packard 905 Special at Daytona Beach in 1919, courtesy Florida Photographic Collection For the album Land Speed Record by the band Hüsker Dü, see Land Speed Record (album). ...
Nuvolaris statue in front of PalaLottomatica in Rome. ...
In 1939, as war clouds gathered over Europe, Nuvolari won the Yugoslav Grand Prix in Belgrade (with a second place in the Eifel). Hermann P. Müller won the French Grand Prix (and took second in the German Grand Prix). Hasse managed a second place in the Belgian Grand Prix, and Georg Meier a second in the French. Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Hermann Paul Müller (born in Bielefeld, November 21, 1909 - died in Ingolstadt, December 30, 1975) was a famous German motorcycle driver (from 1929) and car racer (from 1937, at Auto Union). ...
The French Grand Prix (Grand Prix de France) is a race held as part of Fédération Internationale de lAutomobiles annual Formula One automobile racing championships. ...
Georg Schorsch Meier ( 9 November 1910 Mühldorf am Inn, Bavaria, Germany - 19 February 1999 ) was a German motorcycle racer famous for being the first foreign winner of the prestigious Senior TT the Blue Riband race of the Isle of Man TT Races in 1939 riding for the factory BMW...
Aftermath
 1938 Auto-Union V12 type D saved from being cut up for scrap metal. Almost all of the original race cars were lost during or after World War II; after the war, since Auto Union was based in Zwickau, which was in East Germany, this contributed to the problem. One of the cars was brought to Moscow to study its technology. In 1976 the car was at the ZIL factory in Moscow and scheduled to be cut up for scrap metal. Viktors Kulbergs, president of Antique Automobile Club of Latvia, brought it to Riga and in 1997 it was fully restored and rebuilt by Crostwaite & Gardiner Buxted, England. It is now on display at the Riga Motor Museum (Rīgas motormuzejs). Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2048 × 1536 pixels, file size: 633 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...
Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2048 × 1536 pixels, file size: 633 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...
Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...
Zwickau is a city of Germany, in the Bundesland Saxony (Sachsen), situated in a valley at the foot of the Erzgebirge, on the left bank of the Zwickauer Mulde, 130 km (82 miles) southwest of Dresden, south of Leipzig and south west of Chemnitz. ...
For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ...
Zavod Imeni Likhacheva More commonly called ZIL (or ZiL, Russian: Завод имени Лихачёва (ЗиЛ) — Likhachev Factory) is a major Russian truck and heavy equipment manufacturer, which also produced armored cars for most Soviet leaders, as well as buses, armored fighting vehicles, and aerosans. ...
For other uses, see Riga (disambiguation). ...
A display set-up at Riga Motor Museum showing an old time garage with a Hanomag chassis and an onknown motorcycle. ...
Audi has rebuilt some cars recently based upon remaining parts, plans and knowledge. A hill climbing version was recently rebuilt by the Audi factory, and toured the major car shows, driven by Hans Stuck Jr., son of the original driver Hans Stuck, and a long-time Audi race driver himself. Hillclimbing (also known as hill climbing, speed hillclimbing or speed hill climbing) is a branch of motorsport in which drivers compete against the clock to complete an uphill course. ...
Hans Joachim Stuck was a Formula One driver from Germany and son of the legendary Hans Von Stuck. ...
Hans Stuck (sometimes called Hans Stuck von Villiez) (born December 27, 1900 - died February 9, 1978) was a German auto racing driver. ...
Auto Union after World War II
 Auto Union 1000 Sp 1958 - 1965 After the war, only the DKW brand was continued initially. All DKW cars had two stroke engines and front wheel drive. 1958 saw the return of the Auto Union brand, represented by the Auto Union 1000, a small sedan. At the same time the Auto Union 1000 Sp, a stylish coupé model, was produced for Auto Union by the Stuttgart coach builders, Baur. In impoverished postwar Germany, there was no place for luxury cars: the Wanderer and Horch brands never returned, but Audi did. Auto Union's pre-war rival Daimler-Benz became owners for a period of time. Volkswagen then purchased Auto Union and, when they took control in 1964, the Auto Union name, the two stroke engines and the DKW brand were dropped. The last DKW, the F102, got a new four cylinder four stroke engine. For this car, the Audi brand was revived. From now on, the Audi brand was used to denote cars manufactured by the Ingolstadt-based company. For a while, the official name was still "Audi NSU Auto-Union AG", which was simply shortened to "Audi AG" in 1985. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 480 pixelsFull resolution (1278 × 767 pixels, file size: 232 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...
Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 480 pixelsFull resolution (1278 × 767 pixels, file size: 232 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...
DKW Auto Union logotype Dampf-Kraft Wagen (German: steam-powered vehicle) or DKW is a historic car and motorcycle marque. ...
Front wheel drive is the most common form of engine/transmission layout used in modern passenger cars, where the engine drives the front wheels. ...
For other uses, see Stuttgart (disambiguation). ...
Daimler-Benz AG was founded on May 1, 1924 by the merger of Benz & Cie. ...
Volkswagen AG (ISIN: DE0007664005), or VW, is an automobile manufacturer based in Wolfsburg, Germany. ...
Also Nintendo emulator: 1964 (emulator). ...
DKW F 102 DKW F 102 The DKW F102 is a car produced by German manufacturer DKW. It succeeded the Auto Union 1000 and 1000S models in 1963. ...
Audi 60 F103 was the internal designation for a series of car models produced by Auto-Union in West Germany from 1965 to 1972, derived from the earlier DKW F102. ...
Audi AG is a German automobile manufacturer with headquarters in Ingolstadt, Bavaria, and has been an almost wholly owned (99. ...
Ingolstadt (Austro-Bavarian: Inglstådt) is a city in the Free State of Bavaria, Germany. ...
This article is about the year. ...
Auto Union clones In 1947, Automobiltechnisches Büro (ATB) created the Sokol Typ 650 Formula Two racer in the German Democratic Republic, using the talents of chassis designer Otto Seidan and engine designer Walther Träger (both former Auto Union employees), along with spare Auto Union parts and resembled the Type D. As Awtowelo it was successfully tested but never raced. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 544 pixelsFull resolution (2834 × 1927 pixels, file size: 1. ...
Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 544 pixelsFull resolution (2834 × 1927 pixels, file size: 1. ...
Stirling Mosss 1961 Monaco Grand Prix-winning Lotus 18, one of the Donington Grand Prix Collections most famous exhibits. ...
Formula Two was a type of formula racing. ...
“East Germany†redirects here. ...
Further reading - Cameron C. Earl, Investigation into the Development of German Grand Prix Racing Cars Between 1934 and 1939, (HMSO, London, 1948; re-printed 1996) This is the definitive technical reference on these cars (albeit now hard to find)
- Cyril Posthumus, The 16-cylinder G.P. Auto Union (Profile Publications, Leatherhead, 1967)
- Ian Bamsey, Auto Union V16 Supercharged: A Technical Appraisal (Foulis, Yeovil, 1990)
- Leif Snellman, "The Early Auto Unions, From P-Wagen to A-type", at 8W.forix.com
- Holger Merten, "Auto Union--The History of the AU Racing Department, a Tryptych of Essays on the Saxonian Marque's Racing Exploits", at 8W.forix.com
- Jeroen Bruintjes, "Auto Union Type E--The Stillborn 1.5-litre car: Why it (Almost) did Exist", at 8W.forix.com
Her Majestys Stationery Office (usually abbreviated as HMSO) is part of the Cabinet Office of the United Kingdom. ...
Trivia - In February 2007, an Auto Union D Type nicknamed the "Hitler-Porsche" was auctioned by Christie's in Paris.[1] The 1939 Auto Union D-Type, thought to be one of only two in existence, has no actual connection to Adolf Hitler (he certainly never drove it, and probably never saw it, though he did commission Ferdinand Porsche in 1933 to design a car (aided by a grant from the German government) that could win Germany a Grand Prix. Although expected to be the most expensive car ever sold at auction at more than $12 million, the car did not find a buyer in the sealed auction. This was because of a discrepancy that was found with the chassis and engine numbers and the fact that they did not correspond with the numbers expected to be found on the car that it was believed to be.[2]
The Christies auction house in South Kensington, London Christies American branch in Rockefeller Center, New York Christies is a fine art auction house, the largest and by some accounts the oldest in the world. ...
Hitler redirects here. ...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
Grand Prix motor racing has its roots in organised automobile racing that began in France as far back as 1894. ...
Sources - Chris Nixon, Racing the Silver Arrows: Mercedes-Benz versus Auto Union 1934-1939 (Osprey, London, 1986)
- Jeroen Bruintjes and Holger Merten, "Sokol 650--Post-war Auto Union in Disguise or Socialist F2 effort? Secrets of Tom Wheatcroft's 'Type E' unveiled", at 8W.forix.com
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