Coordinates: 45°36′56″N, 9°16′52″E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

Autodromo Nazionale di Monza

Location	Monza, Italy
Time Zone	GMT +1
Major events	Formula One; 1000km Monza; SBK; GP2; F3; WTCC
Circuit length	5.793 kilometres (3.6 miles)
Turns	11
Lap record	1:21.046 (Rubens Barrichello, Ferrari, 2004)

Autodromo Nazionale di Monza is a motorsport race track near the town of Monza, Italy, north of Milan. It is one of the most historic motor racing circuits in the world. The Lambro River runs through Monza. ... Image File history File links Circuit_Monza. ... For alternate meanings of GMT, see GMT (disambiguation). ... Formula One - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The 1000km Monza is an Endurance racing and Sports car racing event at Autodromo Nazionale Monza in Italy. ... Superbike racing is a category of motorcycle racing that employs modified production motorcycles. ... GP2 Series, GP2 for short, is a form of motor racing introduced in 2005 following the dis-continuation of the long-term Formula One feeder sport, Formula 3000. ... Formula Three, also called Formula 3 or, in abbreviated form, F3, is a type of formula racing and a class of open-wheeler motor racing. ... WTCC redirects here. ... km redirects here. ... A mile is a unit of length, usually used to measure distance, in a number of different systems, including Imperial units, United States customary units and Norwegian/Swedish mil. ... Barrichello in his Ferrari at the 2003 US GP. Rubens Gonçalves Barrichello (born May 23, 1972) is a Brazilian Formula One race driver who currently drives for Honda Racing. ... Scuderia Ferrari Marlboro is the name for the Gestione Sportiva, the division of the Ferrari automobile company concerned with racing. ... Auto racing (also known as automobile racing or autosport) is a sport involving racing automobiles. ... A race track (or racetrack), is a purpose-built facility for the conducting of races. ... The Lambro River runs through Monza. ... Milan (Italian: Milano; Lombard: Milán (listen)) is the main city of northern Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. ...

The site has three tracks – the 5.793 km Grand Prix track, the 2.405 km Junior track and a decaying 4.25 km high speed track with steep bankings. Major features of the main track include the Curva di Lesmo, the Curva Parabolica, and the Variante Ascari. The first large corner, Curva Grande, is located behind a chicane and not significant anymore. Georges Boillot winning the 1912 French Grand Prix in Dieppe, France Grand Prix motor racing has its roots in organized automobile racing that began in France as far back as 1894. ...

The circuit, best known for hosting the Formula One Italian Grand Prix, is notable for the fact that drivers are on full throttle for a higher-than-average percentage of the lap due to its long straights and is usually the scenario in which the open-wheeled F1 cars show the raw speed they are capable of (372 km/h during the V10 formula). It is mostly a flat circuit but has a notorious, but gradient, elevation from the second lesmos to the Variante Ascari. Due to the low aerodynamic profile needed, the grip is very low, understeer and the resulting slide can hint overal speed and are issues more notorious than in other circuits, neverthless a very distinctive opposite lock technique is needed. It is said that drivers can set relatively decent lap times from the beginning with no much effort but for setting tru competitive times driver are needed to make use of all of their skill at every corner and chicane since both precission and agressivity are requiered, specially during qualifying. Since horsepower is the key for speed on the straights, only competitors with enough power at their disposal ar called for racing for the top places. Formula One - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The Italian Grand Prix is one of the longest running events on the motor racing calendar. ... Speed is the rate of motion, or equivalently the rate of change of position, many times expressed as distance d moved per unit of time t. ... This article is about the branch of Physics. ... The term downforce describes the downward pressure created by the aerodynamic characteristics of a racing car that allow it to travel faster through a corner by holding the car to the track or road surface. ... Understeer is a term for a car handling condition during cornering in which the circular path of the vehicles motion is of a markedly greater diameter than the circle indicated by the direction its wheels are pointed. ... Opposite lock is a colloquial term used to mean the deliberate use of oversteer to turn a vehicle rapidly without losing momentum. ... Look up lap in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Ford chicane on Le Mans A chicane is a sequence of tight serpentine curves (usually an S-shape curve) in a roadway, used in auto racing and on city streets to slow cars. ... The horsepower (hp) is the name of several non-metric units of power. ...

The circuit has been the arena of some of the most horrible episodes in Formula One racing specially in the early years of the world champioship. Since those times, modifications have been introduced to improve spectators safety and reduce curve speed, but it is still criticized by the current drivers by its lack of run-off areas, most notoruously at the chicane that cuts the Variante de la Roggia.

The circuit is also known to be the spiritual home of the Scuderia Ferrari and their fanatical supporters, the Tifosi. Scuderia Ferrari Marlboro is the name for the Gestione Sportiva, the division of the Ferrari automobile company concerned with racing. ... Tifosi is an Italian word to describe a group of fans. ...

History

The first track was built from May to July 1922 by 3,500 workers, financed by the Milan Automobile Club – which created the Società Incremento Automobilismo e Sport (SISA) to run the track. The initial form was a 3.4 km² site with 10 km of macadamized road – comprising a 4.5 km loop track and a 5.5 km road track. The track was officially opened on 1922-09-03 with the second Italian Grand Prix held on 1922-09-10. Macadam is a type of road construction pioneered by John Loudon McAdam in the early 1800s. ... 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... September 3 is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... September 10 is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years). ...

In the 1928 Italian Grand Prix the most serious Italian racing accident to date ended in the death of driver Emilio Materassi and 27 spectators. Until 1932, further Grand Prix races were confined to the high-speed loop. The 1933 race was marked by the deaths of three drivers and the Grand Prix layout was changed with two chicanes added and the longer straights removed. Emilio Materassi (born 1898 – died September 9, 1928) was an Italian Grand Prix motor racing driver. ...

Aerial photo of the Autodoromo of Monza, with the city in the upper part.

There was major rebuilding in 1938–39, constructing new stands and entrances, resurfacing the track, moving portions of the track and adding two new bends. The resulting layout gave a Grand Prix lap of 6.3 km, in use until 1954. Because of the war, racing at the track was suspended until 1948 and much of the circuit degraded due to lack of attention. It was renovated over two months and held a Grand Prix on 1948-10-17. Image File history File links An aerial photograph of the Autodromo Nazionale Monza in Italy. ... Image File history File links An aerial photograph of the Autodromo Nazionale Monza in Italy. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... October 17 is the 290th day of the year (291st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

High speed oval

In 1955 work began to entirely revamp the circuit, resulting in a 5.75 km course and a new 4.25 km high-speed oval with banked sopraelevata curves. The two circuits could be combined to create a 10 km long circuit, with cars running parallel on the main straight. The infrastructure was also improved.

Grand Prix returned to this high speed track in 1955, 1956, 1960 and 1961. This last race had another serious accident, with Wolfgang von Trips and eleven spectators dying near the Parabolica. Despite the fact that the bankings were not involved in that accident, the F1 never raced on the oval again (except in the film Grand Prix made in 1966). New safety walls, rails and fences were quickly added and the refuelling area was moved further from the track. Run-off areas were added to the curves in 1965 after a fatality in the 1000km Monza race, the track layout was not changed until Grand Prix returned in 1966 with new chicanes at the banked curves. The 1000km Monza staged the last event on the banking in 1969. While the banking at the AVUS in Berlin was already destroyed in 1967, the Pista di Alta Velocità is still there, but in a very bad shape. A petition [1] can be signed to keep it from decay or even destruction. Wolfgang Graf Alexander Berghe von Trips (May 4, 1928 - September 10, 1961) was a Formula One driver from Germany. ... Grand Prix is an action film released in 1966. ... The 1000km Monza is an Endurance racing and Sports car racing event at Autodromo Nazionale Monza in Italy. ... The 1000km Monza is an Endurance racing and Sports car racing event at Autodromo Nazionale Monza in Italy. ... The Automobil Verkehrs und Ãœbungs-Straße, better known as AVUS, was a motor racing circuit on the south-western outskirts of Berlin, Germany, between Charlottenburg and Nikolassee. ...

Layout changes

Both car and Grand Prix motorcycle racing were regular attractions at Monza from 1966, but with increasing speeds the track was "slowed" in 1972 with two more chicanes. Grand Prix motorcycles continued to use the un-slowed road track until two races resulted in five deaths in 1973, including Renzo Pasolini and Jarno Saarinen. Motorcycle racing did not return to Monza until 1981. The 1972 chicanes were soon seen to be ineffective at slowing cars and one was remade in 1974, the other in 1976, and a third also added in 1976, with extended run-off areas. The Grand Prix lap was now 5.8 km long. Grand Prix motorcycle racing refers to the premier category of motorcycle road racing, currently divided into three distinct classes: 125 cc, 250 cc and MotoGP (as of 2007, up to 800 cc). ... The Ford chicane on Le Mans A chicane is a sequence of tight serpentine curves (usually an S-shape curve) in a roadway, used in auto racing and on city streets to slow cars. ... Renzo Pasolini (18 July 1938 - 20 May 1973), nicknamed Paso, was a popular Italian Grand Prix motorcycle road racer in the 1960s. ... Jarno Saarinen (December 11, 1945 - May 20, 1973) was a Finnish motorcycle racer who competed in Grand Prix motorcycle racing. ...

With technology still improving vehicle speeds the track was again changed in 1979, with added kerbs, run-off areas extended and tyre-barriers improved, the infrastructure was also upgraded. These changes encouraged world championship motorcycling to return in 1981, but further safety work was undertaken through the 1980s. Also in the 1980s the podium, paddock and pits complex, stands, and campsite were either rebuilt or improved.

In the safety conscious years following the death of Ayrton Senna in 1994 (albeit at a different track), the three main long curves were "squeezed" in order to install larger gravel traps, shortening the lap 5.77 km. In 1997 the stands were reworked to expand capacity to 51,000. Ayrton Senna da Silva (IPA: ) (March 21, 1960–May 1, 1994), better known as Ayrton Senna, was a Brazilian Formula One triple world champion. ...

In 2000 the chicane on the main straight was altered, changing from a double left-right chicane to a single right-left chicane, in an attempt to reduce the frequent accidents at the starts due to the conformation of the braking area. The second chicane was also reprofiled. In the Formula 1 Grand Prix of the same year, the first to use this new chicanes, a marshal was killed by flying debris after a big pileup in the second chicane. The Ford chicane on Le Mans A chicane is a sequence of tight serpentine curves (usually an S-shape curve) in a roadway, used in auto racing and on city streets to slow cars. ...

The length of the track in its current configuration is 5.793 km.

On 7 May 2006, Troy Bayliss made the new lap record for motorcycles 1’46.815 in race two on that day. He was riding a Ducati. May 7 is the 127th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (128th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Deaths from crashes

• 1924 Count Louis Zborowski, killed after crashing into a tree.
• 1928 Emilio Materassi and 27 spectators.
• 1933 Giuseppe Campari, Mario Umberto Borzacchini and Stanislas Czaykowski.
• 1955 Alberto Ascari during a private test 4 days after his crash in Monaco GP.
• 1961 Wolfgang von Trips and 11 spectators.
• 1970 Jochen Rindt during qualification practice.
• 1973 Renzo Pasolini, Jarno Saarinen during 250 cc class of GP delle Nazioni.
• 1973 Carlo Chionio, Renzo Colombini and Renato Galtrucco during a race for 500cc Juniores Italian motorcycle championship.
• 1978 Ronnie Peterson, died in hospital.
• 2000 Paolo Gislimberti, a marshall hit by debris from a first-lap accident.

Louis Zborowski in the driving seat of Chitty Bang Bang 1 at Brooklands Count Louis Zborowski (20 February 1895 – 19 October 1924) was a racing driver and automobile engineer of Polish-American descent. ... Emilio Materassi (born 1898 – died September 9, 1928) was an Italian Grand Prix motor racing driver. ... Alberto Ascari (July 13, 1918 – May 26, 1955) was one of Formula Ones first stars, the first great Ferrari driver and one of only two Italian World Champions in the history of the sport. ... Wolfgang Graf Alexander Berghe von Trips (May 4, 1928 - September 10, 1961) was a Formula One driver from Germany. ... Jochen Rindt Karl Jochen Rindt (born April 18, 1942 - died September 5, 1970) was a racing driver. ... Renzo Pasolini (18 July 1938 - 20 May 1973), nicknamed Paso, was a popular Italian Grand Prix motorcycle road racer in the 1960s. ... Jarno Saarinen (December 11, 1945 - May 20, 1973) was a Finnish motorcycle racer who competed in Grand Prix motorcycle racing. ... Ronnie Peterson Bengt Ronnie Peterson, (February 14, 1944, Örebro, Sweden - September 11, 1978, Monza, Italy) was a Swedish racing driver. ...

External links

• Autodromo Nazionale di Monza
• Site dedicated to the "Sopraelevata" banking, with petition
• Hidden History of Monza's bankings
• Monza History and Statistics
• Ciro Pabón's Racetracks 3D views and virtual laps of all F1 circuits, including this one, via Google Earth