A variety of autoinjectors in use with the US Armed Forces

An autoinjector (or auto-injector) is a medical device designed to deliver a single dose of a particular (typically life-saving) drug. Image File history File links Marki. ... Image File history File links Marki. ... The armed forces of the United States of America consist of the United States Army United States Navy United States Air Force United States Marine Corps United States Coast Guard Note: The United States Coast Guard has both military and law enforcement functions. ... // COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 93/42/EEC of 14 June 1993 concerning medical devices defines a ‘medical device’ as: any instrument, apparatus, appliance, material or other article, whether used alone or in combination, including the software necessary for its proper application intended by the manufacturer to be used for human beings for... Dose can refer to: Dose (album), an album by the jam band Govt Mule Dose (song), a song by the band Filter Dose (magazine), a free daily Canadian magazine In medicine: Effective dose, the smallest amount of a substance required to produce a measurable effect on a living organism... Oral medication A medication is a licenced drug taken to cure or reduce symptoms of an illness or medical condition. ...

Most autoinjectors are spring-loaded syringes. By design, autoinjectors are easy to use and are intended for self-administration by patients. The site of injection depends on the drug loaded, but it typically is administered into the thigh or the buttocks. The injectors were initially designed to overcome the hesitation associated with self-administration of needle-based drugs. A syringe consists of a plunger fitted to a tube, called the barrel, which has a small opening on one end. ... Diagram of the human thigh bone In humans the thigh is the area between the pelvis and buttocks and the knee. ... Bottom commonly refers to the human buttocks but also has other uses The buttocks (anatomical nates, clunium, gluteus, regio glutealis) are rounded portions of the anatomy located on the posterior of the pelvic region of the apes, humans and many other bipeds or quadrupeds. ...

Examples

• EpiPens, or the recently introduced Twinject, which is often prescribed to persons who are at risk for anaphylaxis.

• Rebiject and Rebiject II autoinjectors for Rebif, the drug for interferon beta-1a used to treat Multiple Sclerosis.

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Military Use

• Morphine is routinely carried by troops on operations and in battle in the case of injuries or severe pain. The wounded soldier is immediately injected to relieve pain, and is then usually taken back or field operated. Morphine in auto-injectors during the World Wars and the Vietnam War was common and was often used as an analgesic during field operations. Soldiers in extreme pain and no chance of survival were overdosed on morphine and painlessly died.

• Autoinjectors are often used in the military to protect personnel from chemical warfare agents. In the U.S. military, atropine and 2-PAM-Cl (pralidoxime chloride) are used for first aid ("buddy care" or "self care") against nerve agents. An issue item, the Mark I NAAK kit, provides these drugs in the form of separate autoinjectors. A newer model, the ATNAA (Antidote Treatment Nerve Agent Auto-Injector), has both drugs in one syringe, allowing for the simplification of administration procedures. In the Gulf War, accidental and unnecessary use of atropine autoinjectors supplied to Israeli civilians proved to be a major medical problem.

• In concert with the Mark I NAAK, diazepam (Valium) autoinjectors, known as CANA, are carried by US servicemembers for use in prevention of the seizures caused by nerve agents.

Morphine (INN) (IPA: ) is a highly potent opiate analgesic drug and is the principal active agent in opium and the prototypical opiate. ... Morphine (INN) (IPA: ) is a highly potent opiate analgesic drug and is the principal active agent in opium and the prototypical opiate. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Chemical warfare is warfare (and associated military operations) using the toxic properties of chemical substances to kill, injure or incapacitate an enemy. ... The armed forces of the United States of America consist of the United States Army United States Navy United States Air Force United States Marine Corps United States Coast Guard Note: The United States Coast Guard has both military and law enforcement functions. ... Atropine is a tropane alkaloid extracted from the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and other plants of the family Solanaceae. ... // Overview Structure of the molecule pralidoxime Pralidoxime belongs to a family of compounds, called oximes that bind to organophosphate inactivated acetylcholinesterase. ... First aid is a series of simple, life-saving medical techniques that a non-doctor or layman can be trained to perform. ... Nerve agents (also known as nerve gases, though these chemicals are liquid at room temperature) are a class of phosphorus-containing organic chemicals (organophosphates) that inhibit the acetylcholinesterase enzyme in animals. ... The Mark I NAAK, or MARK I Kit, is United States military nomenclature for the Nerve Agent Antidote Kit. It is a dual-chamber auto-injector: Two anti-nerve agent drugs -- atropine sulfate and pralidoxime chloride -- each in injectible form, constitute the kit. ... Combatants UN Coalition Republic of Iraq Commanders Norman Schwarzkopf, Peter de la Billière, Khalid bin Sultan, Saleh Al-Muhaya, Mohamed Hussein Tantawi Saddam Hussein Strength 883,863 360,000 Casualties 378 dead, 1,000 wounded 25,000 dead, 75,000 wounded The Gulf War or the Persian Gulf War... Atropine is a tropane alkaloid extracted from the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and other plants of the family Solanaceae. ... Diazepam (IPA: ), marketed under brand names Valium, Stesolid, Diazemuls, Seduxen, Bosaurin, Diapam, Antenex, Ducene and Apozepam)[1] is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ... Diazepam, brand names: Valium, Seduxen, in Europe Apozepam, is a 1,4-benzodiazepine derivative, which possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. ... This article refers to a place mentioned in the New Testament. ... Nerve agents (also known as nerve gases, though these chemicals are liquid at room temperature) are a class of phosphorus-containing organic chemicals (organophosphates) that disrupt the mechanism by which nerves transfer messages to organs. ...

See also

• Syrette
• Mark I NAAK
• CANA