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Automatic vehicle location or AVL is a means for determining the geographic location of a vehicle and transmitting this information to a point where it can be used. Telelocation is a synonym used in the European Union. The Trikke is a Human Powered Vehicle (HPV) Automobiles are among the most commonly used engine powered vehicles. ...
Most commonly, the location is determined using GPS, and the transmission mechanism is a satellite, terrestrial radio or cellular connection from the vehicle to a radio receiver, satellite or nearby cell tower. Some other possibilities for determining location, for example in environments where GPS is not usable, are dead reckoning, inertial navigation, or RFID readers; sometimes a combination of these methods can be used. The tracking data is then transmitted using any one of a variety of telemetry systems; GSM and EVDO are the most common technologies used for telemetry, because of the low data rate needed for AVL, and the low cost and near-ubiquitous nature of these public networks. The low bandwidth requirements also allow for satellite technology to receive telemetry data at a moderately higher cost, but across a global coverage area and into very remote locations not covered well by terrestrial radio or public carriers. One system description discloses that locations are polled every thirty seconds.[1] GPS redirects here. ...
Dead reckoning (DR) is the process of estimating ones current position based upon a previously determined position, or fix, and advancing that position based upon measured velocity, time, heading, as well as the effect of currents or wind. ...
An inertial navigation system measures the position and altitude of a vehicle by measuring the accelerations and rotations applied to the systems inertial frame. ...
An EPC RFID tag used for Wal-Mart Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. ...
Telemetry is a technology that allows the remote measurement and reporting of information of interest to the system designer or operator. ...
The Global System for Mobile communications (GSM: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. ...
Evolution-Data Optimized or Evolution-Data only, abbreviated as EV-DO or EVDO and often EV, is a telecommunications standard for the wireless transmission of data through radio signals, typically for broadband Internet access. ...
Automatic vehicle location is a powerful tool for managing fleets of vehicles, from service vehicles, emergency vehicles, and construction equipment, to public transport vehicles (buses and trains). It also is used to track mobile remote assets, such as construction equipment, trailers, and portable power generators. Bangkok Skytrain. ...
A typical system would be land-based and would be used to simultaneously track the locations of a fleet of vehicles. The primary purpose of tracking is to provide graded service or to manage a large staff effectively. For example, suppose an ambulance fleet has an objective of arriving at the location of a call for service within six minutes of receiving the request. Using an AVL system allows dispatch personnel to evaluate the locations of all vehicles in a fleet in order to pick the vehicle that will most likely get there fastest, (meeting the service objective).[2]
Types of systems
Direction finding Amateur radio and some cellular or PCS wireless systems use direction finding or triangulation of transmitter signals radiated by the mobile. This is sometimes called radio direction finding or RDF. The simplest forms of these systems calculate the bearing from two fixed sites to the mobile. This creates a triangle with endpoints at the two fixed points and the mobile. Trigonometry tells you roughly where the mobile transmitter is located. In wireless telephone systems, the phones transmit continually when off-hook, making continual tracking and the collection of many location samples possible. This is one type of location system required by Federal Communications Commission Rules for wireless Enhanced 911. Amateur radio station with modern solid-state transceiver featuring LCD and DSP capabilities Amateur radio, often called ham radio, is both a hobby and a service that uses various types of radio communications equipment to communicate with other radio amateurs for public service, recreation and self-training. ...
PCS may refer to: In medicine: Post-concussion syndrome, a set of symptoms that a person may experience for weeks, months, or even years after a concussion Postcholecystectomy syndrome, the presence of abdominal symptoms after surgery to remove the gallbladder Precordial catch syndrome, a common cause of chest pain complaints...
FCC redirects here. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards and make it easier to understand, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
LORAN-based Motorola offered a 1970s-era system based on the United States Coast Guard LORAN maritime navigation system. The LORAN system was intended for ships but signal levels on the US east- and west-coast areas were adequate for use with receivers in automobiles. The system may have been marketed under the Motorola model name Metricom. It consisted of an LF LORAN receiver and data interface box/modem connected to a separate two-way radio. The receiver and interface calculated a latitude and longitude in degrees, decimal degrees format based on the LORAN signals. This was sent over the radio as MDC-1200 or MDC-4800 data to a system controller, which plotted the mobile's approximate location on a map. The system worked reliably but sometimes had problems with electrical noise in urban areas. Sparking electric trolleys or industrial plants which radiated electrical noise sometime overwhelmed the LORAN signals, affecting the system's ability to determine the mobile's geolocation. Because of the limited resolution, this type of system was impractical for small communities or operational areas such as a pit mine or port. USCG HH-65 Dolphin USCG HH-60J JayHawk USCG HC-130H departs Mojave USCG HC-130H on International Ice Patrol duties The United States Coast Guard (USCG) is at all times a branch of the U.S. military, a maritime law enforcement agency, and a federal regulatory body. ...
LORAN (LOng RAnge Navigation) is a terrestrial navigation system using low frequency radio transmitters that use the time interval between radio signals received from three or more stations to determine the position of a ship or aircraft. ...
Lf or LF may stand for: Left field(er), a defensive position in baseball LeapFrog, an educational toy company Lebanese Forces, a Lebanese political party Low frequency, a term in broadcasting The LF (logical framework) Line feed, a term used in printing Nippon Broadcasting System,[a Japanese radio station in...
MDC, also known as MDC-1200 and MDC-600, is a low-speed Motorola two-way radio data system using audio frequency shift keying, (AFSK). ...
This article is about noise as in sound. ...
Cities with at least a million inhabitants in 2006 An urban area is an area with an increased density of human-created structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it. ...
This article is about light rail systems in general. ...
Signpost systems To track and locate vehicles along fixed routes, a technology called Signpost transmitters is employed. This is used on transit routes and rail lines where the vehicles to be tracked continually operated on the same linear route. A transponder or RFID chip along the vehicle route would be polled as the train or bus traverses its route. As each transponder was passed, the moving vehicle would query and receive an ack, or handshake, from the signpost transmitter. A transmitter on the mobile would report passing the signpost to a system controller. This allows supervision, a call center, or a dispatch center to monitor the progress of the vehicle and assess whether or not the vehicle was on schedule. These systems are an alternative inside tunnels or other conveyances where GPS signals are blocked by terrain.[3] An Ontario Highway 407 toll transponder In telecommunication, the term transponder (short-for Transmitter-responder and sometimes abbreviated to XPDR, XPNDR or TPDR) has the following meanings: An automatic device that receives, amplifies, and retransmits a signal on a different frequency (see also broadcast translator). ...
This article describes routing in computer networks, a method of finding paths from origins to destinations, along which information can be passed. ...
Ack is sometimes used as an exclamation, an onomatopoeia for disgust, or as choking on something foul. ...
A call centre (Commonwealth English) or call center (AmE) is a centralized office of a company that answers incoming telephone calls from customers(often for the purposes of product support) , or that makes outgoing telephone calls to customers (telemarketing). ...
A dispatcher can mean different things (with related meanings). ...
GPS-based The low price and ubiquity of Global Positioning System or GPS equipment has lent itself to more accurate and reliable telelocation systems. GPS signals are impervious to most electrical noise sources and don't require the user to install an entire system. Only a receiver to collect signals from the satellite segment is installed in each vehicle and a radio to communicate the collected location data with a dispatch point. GPS redirects here. ...
Large private telelocation or AVL systems send data from GPS receivers in vehicles to a dispatch center over their private, user-owned radio backbone. These systems are used for businesses like parcel delivery and ambulances. Smaller systems which don't justify building a separate radio system use cellular or PCS data services to communicate location data from vehicles to their dispatching center. Location data is periodically polled from each vehicle in a fleet by a central controller or computer. In the simplest systems, data from the GPS receiver is displayed on a map allowing humans to determine the location of each vehicle. More complex systems feed the data into a computer assisted dispatch system which automates the process. For example, the computer assisted dispatch system may check the location of a call for service and then pick a list of the four closest ambulances. This narrows the dispatcher's choice from the entire fleet to an easier choice of four vehicles.
Some wireless carriers such as Nextel have decided GPS was the best way to provide the mandated location data for wireless Enhanced 9-1-1. Newer Nextel radios have embedded GPS receivers which are polled if 9-1-1 is dialed. The 9-1-1 center is provided with latitude and longitude from the radio's GPS receiver. In centers with computer assisted dispatch, the system may assign an address to the call based on these coordinates or may project an icon depicting the caller's location onto a map of the area. Sprint Nextel Corporation (NYSE: S) is one of the largest telecommunications companies in the world. ...
Iden is also a village in East Sussex, England Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN) is a mobile telecommunications technology, developed by Motorola, which provides its users the benefits of a trunked radio and a cellular telephone. ...
Computer-assisted dispatch (also called CAD) is a method of dispatching taxicabs, couriers, field service technicians, or emergency services by computer. ...
Sensor-based AVL The main purpose of using AVL is not only to locate the vehicles, but also to obtain information about engine data, fuel consumption, driver data and sensor data from i.e. doors, freezer room on trucks or air pressure. Such data can be obtained via the CAN-bus, via direct connections to AVL systems or via open bus systems such as UFDEX that both sends and receives data via SMS or GPRS in pure ASCII text format. Because most AVL consists of two parts, GPS and GSM modem with additional embedded AVL software contained in a microcontroller, most AVL systems are fixed for its purposes unless they connect to an open bus system for expansion possibilities. CAN-bus (Controller Area Network) is used to cars and other vehicles. ...
micro FIKO Data Exchange (uFDEX) is a serial protocol and data transfer system used as mini-LAN in vehicles, marine, aviation, lab, home and office automation systems. ...
SMS may refer to: Short message service, a form of text messaging on cell phones Sega Master System – an 8-bit video game console from the 1980s Seiner Majestät Schiff, His Majestys Ship in the German Kaiserliche Marine and the Austro-Hungarian Navy SMS (comics), a British comic...
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a mobile data service available to users of GSM mobile phones. ...
Image:ASCII fullsvg There are 95 printable ASCII characters, numbered 32 to 126. ...
Over fifty GPS satellites such as this NAVSTAR have been launched since 1978. ...
Global System for Mobile communications (GSM: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with embedded microprocessor. ...
With an open bus system the users can send invoices based on goods delivered with exact location, time and date data where if connected to scale, RFID or barcode readers, can make a fairly good automated system to avoid human errors. An EPC RFID tag used for Wal-Mart Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. ...
Other types of sensor functions is to connect the AVL to driver information to collect data about driving time, stops or even when the driver is not present in the vehicle. If the driver/worker conditions is such as the hourly rates for driving and working outside is not the same, this can be monitored by sensors.
Uses of automatic vehicle location Vehicle location technologies can be used in the following scenarios: - Stolen vehicle recovery: both consumer and commercial vehicles can be outfitted with RF or GPS units to allow police to do tracking and recovery. In the case of LoJack, the police can activate the tracking unit in the vehicle directly and follow tracking signals.
- Fleet management: when managing a fleet of vehicles, knowing the real-time location of all drivers allows management to meet customer needs more efficiently. Vehicle location information can also be used to verify that legal requirements are being met: for example, that drivers are taking rest breaks and obeying speed limits.
- Asset tracking: companies needing to track valuable assets for insurance or other monitoring purposes can now plot the real-time asset location on a map and closely monitor movement and operating status. For example, haulage and logistics companies often operate lorries with detachable load carrying units. In this case, trailers can be tracked independently of the cabs used to drive them. Combining vehicle location with inventory management that can be used to reconcile which item is currently on which vehicle can be used to identify physical location down to the level of individual packages.
- Field worker management: companies with a field service or sales workforce can use information from vehicle tracking systems to plan field workers' time, schedule subsequent customer visits and be able to operate these departments efficiently.
- Covert surveillance: vehicle location devices attached covertly by law enforcement or espionage organizations can be used to track journeys made by individuals who are under surveillance
Notes - ^ Thirty second reference only is from http://www.itsdocs.fhwa.dot.gov//JPODOCS/REPTS_TE/13589.html Assessment of the Denver Regional Transportation District's Automatic Vehicle Location System, US Department of Transportation.
- ^ One definition of AVL exists in, "Glossary," Arizona Phase II Final Report: Statewide Radio Interoperability Needs Assessment, Macro Corporation and The State of Arizona, 2004, pp. 165.
- ^ For an example of one US signpost system, see its service manual: T1919A Metrocom II 150.8-174 MHz Vehicle Location Receiver, (Schaumburg, Illinois: Motorola Communications and Electronics, 1979).
See also A Fleet Telematics System (FTS) allow the information exchange between a commercial vehicle fleet and their central authority, i. ...
The system must be able to deal with different styles of licence plates Automatic number plate recognition (ANPR; see also other names below) is a mass surveillance method that uses optical character recognition on images to read the licence plates on vehicles. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
The Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) program is a worldwide initiative to add information and communications technology to transport infrastructure and vehicles. ...
Millennium Plus is an aftermarket vehicle tracking system that allows vehicles to be tracked with a computer and a web browser. ...
LoJack is a popular device, installed in some cars, that allows them to be tracked after being stolen. ...
NextBus is a vehicle tracking system for public transportation vehicles, especially buses and trams/light rail operations. ...
Bangkok Skytrain. ...
OnStar Corporation is a wholly-owned subsidiary of General Motors which provides subscription-based communications, monitoring and tracking services throughout the United States and Canada. ...
The term telematics is used in a number of ways: The integrated use of telecommunications and informatics, also known as ICT (Information and Communications Technology). ...
Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII) is the ongoing development of technology which directly links vehicles with the infrastructure. ...
In virtual space technology, a tracking system is generally a system capable of rendering virtual space to a human observer while tracking the observers body coordinates. ...
External links | Two-way radio | Amateur and hobbyist
Amateur radio • Amateur radio repeater • Citizens' band radio • Family Radio Service
General Mobile Radio Service • Mobile rig • Multi-Use Radio Service • PMR446 • LPD433 • UHF CB (Australia) Designers at work in 1961. ...
“Car†and “Cars†redirect here. ...
The body of a motor vehicle which is built around a chassis, rather than being of monocoque construction. ...
Look up Chassis in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Body-on-frame is an automobile construction technology. ...
The bumper of a BMW M5, highlighted in red A bumper is a part of an automobile designed to allow one vehicle to impact with another and to withstand that collision without severe damage to the vehicles frame. ...
A Citroën 2CV with the roof up. ...
Look up Chassis in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
1956 Nash four-door sedan with factory color matched Continental tire. ...
Mercedes-Benz Fintail, an early example of a car with crumple zones The crumple zone on the front of these cars absorbed the impact of a head-on collision Activated rear crumple zone The crumple zone of a vehicle such as a train or an automobile is a structural feature...
1958 promotional image of the Cadillac Eldorado Brougham also illustrates its bumper/grille design, also known as Dagmar bumpers Television personality Dagmar in one of her famous low cut gowns Dagmar bumpers, also known simply as Dagmars (D-HAG-mar) is a slang term for the artillery shell shaped styling...
The decklid (or deck lid) is the cover over the trunk/boot of motor vehicles that allows access to the main storage or luggage compartment. ...
Choppers often have stylized fenders Fender is the US English term for the part of an automobile, motorcycle or other vehicle body that frames a wheel well. ...
1962 Cadillac Series 62 with rear wheels covered by detachable Fender Skirts 1986 Citroën CX Fender skirts are pieces of bodywork that cover the upper portions of the rear tires of an automobile. ...
BMWs distinctive kidney-shaped grille on an E34 M5 Audis single frame grille, here on a second generation TT Grille is also the name of a German self-propelled artillery vehicle. ...
A flipfront provides easy access to the engine bay. ...
A hood scoop is an air vent on a car hood which usually sends air over an intercooler. ...
Monocoque (French for single shell) is a construction technique that uses the external skin of an object to support some or most of the load on the structure. ...
An SUV with four pillars A pillarless hardtop vehicle, considered to have two total pillars A stretch limo with five pillars An A pillar is a name applied by car stylists and enthusiasts to the shaft of material that supports the windshield (windscreen) on either of the windshield frame sides. ...
Pontoon fenders are a type of fender for an automobile. ...
On an automobile, a quarter panel is a body panel that covers the section between the door and the hood (for the front quarter panels), or the door and the trunk (for the rear quarter panels). ...
A shaker scoop (sometimes, inaccurately, called a shaker hood scoop or a shaker hood) is an automobile term for an air intake scoop for combustion air that is mounted directly on top of the engines air cleaner and protrudes through a hole in the hood. ...
This Ford F-150 pickup truck has two spoilers one on the roof and another on the tailgate. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Sub frame. ...
1903 Ford Model A rear-door Tonneau Tonneau is an archaic term for an open rear passenger compartment on an automobile and, by extension, a body style incorporating such a compartment. ...
This 1931 Ford Model A features a separate trunk on its rear trunk rack. ...
A flipfront provides easy access to the engine bay. ...
A car door is generally an opening to enter to the car (or their compartments or partition), often equipped with a hinged or sliding panel which can be moved to leave the opening accessible, or to close it more or less securely. ...
1996 McLaren F1 with butterfly doors Butterfly doors, also called vertical doors or dihedral doors, are a type of door often seen on high-performance automobiles. ...
A De Lorean DMC-12 with its doors open A Bricklin SV-1 with its doors open The term gull-wing door is used to describe automobile doors which are hinged at the roof. ...
Scissor doors, also called Jackknife doors, are automobile doors that rotate up and forward on a hinge near the front of the door. ...
Rear suicide door on a 1967 Ford Thunderbird Front suicide door on a Fiat Multipla 600 Lloyd LT 600 van with front suicide door Suicide doors are automobile doors that are hinged on the trailing edge; the edge closer to the rear of the vehicle. ...
Power windows or electric windows are automobile windows which can be raised and lowered by depressing a button or switch, as opposed to using a hand-turned crank handle. ...
The greenhouse (or glasshouse) of a car comprises the windscreen, rear and side windows, the more or less vertical pillars separating them (designated A-pillar, B-pillar and so on, starting from the cars front), and the cars roof. ...
Open sunroof in a Peugeot 206. ...
Sun visor inside a 1993 Jeep Grand Cherokee. ...
Panoramic (wrap-around) windshield on a 1959 Edsel Corsair. ...
windscreen wiper on a parked car. ...
Windshield washer fluid being poured into a vehicle Windshield washer fluid is a fluid for motor vehicles that is used in cleaning the windshield while the vehicle is being driven. ...
Curb feeler mounted behind the front wheel of a 1950s Rambler American. ...
Bumper stickers are often used on commercial vehicles so that employers can receive feedback about the driving habits of their employees A bumper sticker is an adhesive label or sticker with a message, intended to be attached to the bumper of an automobile and to be read by the occupants...
A hood ornament is the name given to a specially crafted model of something which symbolises a car company like a badge. ...
Japan Black is the name of a lacquer used extensively in the production of automobiles in the early 20th century in the United States. ...
A monsoonshield is mounted above the doors of some automobiles, to protect the inside of the car from rain or other precipitation in case of slightly opened windows. ...
A 2002 Ford Explorer Sport Trac with black nerf bars A nerf bar is a tubular device fitted to the side of a Pickup truck or a Sport utility vehicle to act as a step to ease entry and exit from the vehicle. ...
The various pieces of a tow hitch (also known as a tow bar) are as follows (as seen on cars and non-industrial trucks). ...
A Truck Accessory is an aftermarket part that is used to enhance the style or function of the original OEM pickup truck. ...
Exterior equipment of a vehicle consist of the automotive lighting, distance sensor, vanity plates, vehicle registration plate, windscreen wiper and windshield washer fluid. ...
The lighting system of a motor vehicle consists of lighting and signalling devices mounted or integrated to the front, sides and rear of the vehicle. ...
Daytime Running Lamps (DRL, also Daylight Running Lamps, Daytime Running Lights) are lighting devices on the front of roadgoing motor vehicles, automatically switched on when the vehicle is moving forward, and intended to increase the conspicuity of the vehicle during daylight conditions. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
1937 Cord 812 with hidden headlights Promotional art for the 1942 DeSoto, the first mass produced American car with hidden headlights 1967 Ford Thunderbird with hidden headlights Pop-up headlights on a 1973 SAAB Sonett III. Hidden headlamps are an automotive styling feature that conceals an automobiles headlights when...
15 kW Xenon short-arc lamp used in IMAX projectors High-intensity discharge (HID) lamps include these types of electrical lamps: mercury vapor, metal halide (also HQI), high-pressure sodium (Son), low-pressure sodium (Sox) and less common, xenon short-arc lamps. ...
Retroreflectors are clearly visible in a pair of bicycle shoes. ...
A burnt-out sealed beam, broken open to show internals. ...
Trafficators are the internally lit semaphores springing out from the door pillars on some older (pre 1950s) motor vehicles to signal left and right turns. ...
A vehicle registration plate is a metal or plastic plate attached to a motor vehicle or trailer for official identification purposes. ...
A vanity plate (US), prestige plate, private number plate, personalised registration (UK) or personalised plate (Australia and New Zealand) is a special type of vehicle registration plate on an automobile or other vehicle. ...
Parktronic, also called Acoustic Parking System (APS), is a parking-assistence system installed on some Audi vehicles. ...
Automobile interior equipment generally includes passive safety, dashboard, shifter for selecting gear ratios and ancillary. ...
Vehicle instrument is an instrument that measures some parameters in the vehicle, often found on its control panel or dashboard. ...
A backup camera is a special type of video camera that is produced specifically for the purpose of being attached to the rear of a vehicle to aid in backing up. ...
Boost gauge on a Ford Focus RS (left) A boost gauge is a pressure gauge that indicates manifold air pressure or turbocharger or supercharger boost pressure in an internal combustion engine. ...
A buzzer or beeper is a signaling device, usually electronic, typically used in automobiles, household appliances such as a microwave oven, or game shows. ...
Carputer is a term sometimes used to refer to a computer installed in a car. ...
A fuel gauge (or gas gauge) is an instrument used to indicate the level of fuel contained in a tank. ...
GPS redirects here. ...
A taxi in Kyoto, equipped with GPS navigation system An automotive navigation system is a satellite navigation system designed for use in automobiles. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
An idiot light is a method of displaying information about a system (e. ...
A Malfunction Indicator Lamp, this one labeled Service Engine Soon. A Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) is an indicator of the internal status of a car engine. ...
Night-vision is seeing in the dark. ...
A modern non-digital odometer A Smiths speedometer from the 1920s showing odometer and trip meter An odometer is a device used for indicating distance traveled by an automobile or other vehicle. ...
An early radar detector A radar detector, sometimes called a fuzz buster, is an electronic device used by motorists to determine if their speed is being monitored by a radar unit. ...
Speedometer gauge on a car, showing the speed of the vehicle in miles and kilometres per hour on the out– and inside respectively. ...
Tachometer showing engine RPM (revolutions per minute), and a redline from 6000 and 7000 RPM. A tachometer is an instrument that measures the speed of rotation of a shaft or disk, as in a motor or other machine. ...
A trip computer is an onboard computer device fitted to cars which can generally record distance travelled, average speed, average fuel consumption, and display real time fuel consumption information. ...
Invented by Frank Bowden, a bowden cable is a type of flexible cable used to transmit mechanical force or energy by the movement of an inner cable (most commonly of steel or stainless steel) relative to a hollow outer cable housing. ...
Cruise control (sometimes known as speed control or Autocruise) is a system to automatically control the speed of an automobile. ...
Electronic throttle control (ETC) is an automobile technology which severs the direct link between the accelerator pedal and the throttle. ...
A gear stick (also gearstick, gear lever and gear shifter) is the lever used to change gear in a vehicle, such as an automobile, with manual transmission or automatic transmission. ...
In cars, the hand brake (also known as the emergency brake, e-brake, park brake, or parking brake) is a supplementary system that can be used if the vehicles primary brake system (usually hydraulic brakes) has a failure. ...
Manettino dials are part of modern super cars (like the new Ferrari 599 GTB and Ferrari Enzo). ...
A modern road cars steering wheel Steering wheels from different periods A steering wheel is a type of steering control used in most modern land vehicles, including all mass-production automobiles. ...
In an engine, the throttle is the mechanism by which the engines power is increased or decreased. ...
Motor vehicle theft is a crime of theft. ...
Power door locks (aka electric door locks or central locking) allow the driver or front passenger to simultaneously lock or unlock all the doors of an automobile or truck, by pressing a button or flipping a switch. ...
A car alarm is an electronic device installed in a vehicle in an attempt to discourage theft. ...
An immobiliser or immobilizer is an electronic device fitted to an automobile which prevents the engine from running unless the correct key (or other token) is present. ...
For the English band, see Klaxons. ...
VIN etching is a countermeasure to motor vehicle theft. ...
Passive safety redirects here. ...
A car seat usually refers to a small seat secured to the seat of an automobile equipped with safety harnesses to hold children in the event of a crash. ...
For the Mozilla crash reporting software previously called Airbag, see Breakpad. ...
The armrest in the backseat of a Lincoln Town Car, featuring cupholders. ...
Automatic seat belt in a Chevrolet Corsica Automatic seat belts are seat belts that automatically close over riders in a car. ...
The traditional seat installed in American automobiles was the bench seat. ...
A bucket seat is an upholstered seat in a car, truck, or motorboat that seats one person. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
This 1931 Ford Model A sport roadster features a rumble seat A rumble seat, dicky seat, dickie seat or dickey seat is an upholstered exterior seat which hinges or otherwise opens out from the rear deck of a pre-World War II automobile, and seats one or more passengers. ...
This article is about the safety device. ...
Note: in the broadest sense, air conditioning can refer to any form of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning. ...
Automobile accessory power can be produced by several different means. ...
It has been suggested that In car entertainment be merged into this article or section. ...
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The center console (British English: centre console) in an automobile refers to the control-bearing surfaces in the center of the front of the vehicles interior. ...
A dashboard from a 1940s car The dashboard of a modern car, a Bentley Continental GT A Hayabusas dash A modern Formula 1 car has all its gauges mounted on the steering wheel A dashboard or dash board in an automobile is a panel located under the windscreen and...
The glovebox of a Cadillac Eldorado Brougham For the sealed container for handling hazardous materials, see glovebox. ...
Typical Motorola plug found on consumer auto accessory antenna coaxial cables A common coaxial cable connector used primarily in the automotive industry for connecting the coaxial feedline from the antenna to the radio receiver. ...
Electric window controls between the front seats, including lockout switch (2005 Saab 9-5). ...
The rear-view mirror of a Mazda 626. ...
Motorola HT1000 hand-held two-way radio A two-way radio is a radio that can both transmit and receive (a transceiver), unlike a broadcast receiver which only receives content one way. ...
Amateur radio station with modern solid-state transceiver featuring LCD and DSP capabilities Amateur radio, often called ham radio, is both a hobby and a service that uses various types of radio communications equipment to communicate with other radio amateurs for public service, recreation and self-training. ...
An amateur radio repeater is an electronic device that receives a weak or low-level amateur radio signal and retransmits it at a higher level or higher power, so that the signal can cover longer distances without degradation. ...
A typical CB base station. ...
The Family Radio Service is an improved walkie talkie system authorized in the United States. ...
GMRS capable handheld radio The General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS) is a land-mobile UHF radio service in the United States available for short-distance two-way communications to facilitate the activities of an adult individual who possesses a valid GMRS license, as well his or her immediate family members...
Mobile surveillance camera watching over passengers in a taxicab A mobile rig (or automobile rig) is a class of communications system that is midway between a base station (building-mounted) and portable (body mounted). ...
The Multi-Use Radio Service (MURS) is a small two-way radio service consisting of five frequencies in the VHF spectrum. ...
Alan 456r PMR446 (Personal Mobile Radio, 446 MHz) is a radio frequency part of the UHF range that is open without licensing for personal usage in most members of the European Union. ...
In telecommunication, a low-power communication device is a restricted radiation device, exclusive of those employing conducted or guided radio frequency techniques, used for the transmission of signs, signals (including control signals), writing, images and sounds or intelligence of any nature by radiation of electromagnetic energy. ...
UHF CB is a licence-free citizens band radio service authorised by the government of Australia in the UHF 477MHz band. ...
Aviation (aeronautical mobile)
Air traffic control • Aircraft emergency frequency • Airband • Mandatory frequency airport • Single Frequency Approach • UNICOM
For the Canadian musical group, see Air Traffic Control (band). ...
The aircraft emergency frequency is a frequency used on the aircraft radio band reserved for emergency communications for aircraft in distress. ...
A Bendix/King KY197 Airband VHF communication radio mounted above a Cessna ARC RT-359A Transponder (the beige box) in a light airplane instrument panel. ...
An airport with a mandatory frequency (MF), mandatory traffic advisory frequency (MTAF) or air/ground radio (A/G) is an airport which does not have a control tower but still requires arriving and departing airport to communicate with other aircraft or a radio operator on a published frequency. ...
In aviation, a Single Frequency Approach (SFA) is a service for a military single-piloted turbojet aircraft to use a single UHF frequency during their landing approach. ...
UNICOM, or UNiversal Integrated COMmunication, is an air-ground communication facility operated by a private agency to provide private advisory station (PAS) service at uncontrolled aerodromes and airports with no Air Traffic Services (ATS) air-ground communication facility. ...
Land-based commercial and government mobile
Business band • Base station • Mobile radio • Professional Mobile Radio • Radio repeater • Specialized Mobile Radio • Trunked radio system • Walkie talkie
The business band is the name used by US scanner hobbyists who listen to Federal Communications Commission licensees using Industrial/Business pool frequencies. ...
The term base station can be used in the context of land surveying, wireless computer networking, and wireless communications. ...
This article is about professional equipment. ...
Professional Mobile Radio (also known as Private Mobile Radio (PMR) in the UK and Land Mobile Radio (LMR) in North America) are field radio communications systems which use portable, mobile, base station, and dispatch console radios and are sometimes based on such standards as MPT-1327, TETRA and APCO 25...
A Radio Repeater is a combination of a radio receiver and a radio transmitter that receives a weak or low-level signal and retransmits it at a higher level or higher power, so that the signal can cover longer distances without degradation. ...
The Specialized Mobile Radio system (SMR) is a conventional two-way radio system, or trunked radio system, operated by a service in the 800 or 900 Mhz bands. ...
A trunked radio system is a radio system used to maximize available capacity in a two-way radio system, usually UHF. Groups of users are given a logical talkgroup to share for their communications, rather than a dedicated radio frequency. ...
For the album by Air, see Talkie Walkie. ...
Marine (shipboard)
2182 kHz • Coast radio station • Marine VHF radio • Maritime mobile amateur radio
The radio frequency of 2182 kilohertz (kHz) is the international calling and distress frequency for voice maritime communication (radio telephony) on the marine MF bands. ...
Coast radio station is a maritime radio station situated on shore which monitores radio distress frequencies and relays ship-to-ship and ship-to-land communications. ...
Portable VHF radio set Marine VHF radio is installed on all large ships and most motorized small craft. ...
Most countries amateur radio licences allow licensed operators to install and use radio transmission equipment while at sea. ...
Signaling / Selective calling
CTCSS • Dual-tone multi-frequency • D-STAR • MDC-1200 • Push to talk • Quik Call I • Quik Call II • Selcall
In a conventional, analog two-way radio system, a standard radio has noise squelch or carrier squelch which allows a radio to receive all transmissions on a channel. ...
In telecommunications, squelch is a circuit function that acts to suppress the audio (or video) output of a receiver. ...
A DTMF telephone keypad Dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling is used for telephone signaling over the line in the voice-frequency band to the call switching center. ...
D-STAR (Digital Smart Technologies for Amateur Radio) is a digital voice and data protocol specification developed for use in amateur radio. ...
MDC, also known as MDC-1200 and MDC-600, is a low-speed Motorola two-way radio data system using audio frequency shift keying, (AFSK). ...
“Push to Talk†redirects here. ...
Quik-Call I, also known as 2+2, is a selective calling method originally used in one-way paging receivers. ...
Selcall (selective calling) is a type of squelch protocol used in radio communications systems, in which transmissions are preceded by a brief burst of sequential audio tones. ...
System elements and principles
Antenna • Audio level compression • Automatic vehicle location • APRS • Call sign • CAD • DC remote • Dispatch • Fade margin • Link budget • Rayleigh fading • Tone remote • Voice procedure • Voting (diversity combining) A Yagi-Uda beam antenna Short Wave Curtain Antenna (Moosbrunn, Austria) A building rooftop supporting numerous dish and sectored mobile telecommunications antennas (Doncaster, Victoria, Australia) An antenna is a transducer designed to transmit or receive radio waves which are a class of electromagnetic waves. ...
Audio level compression, also called dynamic range compression, volume compression, compression, limiting, or DRC (often seen in DVD player settings) is a process that manipulates the dynamic range of an audio signal. ...
Automatic Packet Reporting System (APRS) is an amateur radio based system for digital communications, most commonly used to automatically report the position (GPS coordinates) of a person or object, or weather data at a remote location. ...
Call sign can refer to different types of call signs: Airline call sign Aviator call sign Cosmonaut call sign Radio and television call signs Tactical call sign, also known as a tactical designator See also: International Callsign Allocations, Maritime Mobile Service Identity This is a disambiguation page — a navigational...
The CAD system of a fire department on a busy day. ...
A current loop describes two different electrical signalling schemes. ...
Dispatch is a procedure for assigning customers to taxicabs, couriers, emergency services, and other mobile units. ...
In telecommunication, the term fade margin (fading margin) has the following meanings: A design allowance that provides for sufficient system gain or sensitivity to accommodate expected fading, for the purpose of ensuring that the required quality of service is maintained. ...
A link budget is the accounting of all of the gains and losses from the transmitter, through the medium (free space, cable, waveguide, fiber, etc. ...
Rayleigh fading is a statistical model for the effect of a propagation environment on a radio signal, such as that used by wireless devices. ...
A Motorola T-1300 series remote control is built in a telephone housing. ...
Voice procedure includes various techniques used to clarify, simplify and standardize spoken communications over two-way radios, in use by the military, in civil aviation, police and fire dispatching systems, citizens band radio (CB), etc. ...
Diversity Combining is the technique applied to combine the multiple received signals of a diversity reception device into a single improved signal. ...
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