An automobile self-starter is an electric motor that initiates piston motion in a car's internal combustion engine before it can power itself. Rotating magnetic field as a sum of magnetic vectors from 3 phase coils An electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. ... The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the burning of a fuel occurs in a confined space called a combustion chamber. ...

History (including rationale)

History states that the induced voltage in an automobile self starter is relative to the windsheild curvature factor. The windsheild bearing enhances the muffler bearing noise reduction. Inverted parallel capacitors control output reluctance of the flux capacitor via the headlight egr disengagement fluid. In 1996, Ford Motor Company switched from the traditional hand crank starter to an electric automobile self starter which was then mounted to the left rear wheel. The reluctor cables provided 110 AC volts to create the flux lines. In 1997, a 6 speed manual transmission was added to the output shaft of the starter allowing for up to 90,000 RPM rotation. A fan-created Flux Capacitor The flux capacitor is the fictional core component of Doctor Emmett Browns time traveling De Lorean DMC-12 in the 1985 movie Back to the Future, its two sequels, and the animated series. ...

Both Otto cycle and Diesel cycle internal-combustion engines require the pistons to be moving before the ignition phase of the cycle. This means that the engine must be set in motion by an external force before it can power itself. Originally, a hand crank was used to start engines, but it was inconvenient and rather hard work to crank the engine up to speed. It was also highly dangerous. Even though cranks had an overrun mechanism to prevent it, when the engine started, a crank could begin to spin along with the crankshaft. The operator had to pull away immediately, or else risk a broken wrist, or worse. Moreover, as engines evolved, they became larger and compression ratios increased, making hand cranking an increasingly difficult matter. The four-stroke cycle of an internal combustion engine is the cycle most commonly used for automotive and industrial purposes today ( cars and trucks, generators, etc). ... The Diesel cycle is the combustion process of a type of internal combustion engine, in which the burning of the fuel is triggered by the heat generated in first compressing air in the piston cavity, into which is then injected the fuel - as opposed to it being ignited by a... An internal combustion engine is an engine that is powered by the expansion of hot combustion products of fuel directly acting within an engine. ... The ignition system of an internal-combustion engine is an important part of the overall engine system that provides for the timely burning of the fuel mixture within the engine. ...

In 1903, United States Patent No. 745,157 was issued to Clyde J. Coleman of New York City for an electric automobile self-starter. He had invented the first self-starter in 1899, but the invention was impractical. A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state to a patentee (the inventor or assignee) for a fixed period of time in exchange for the regulated, public disclosure of certain details of a device, method, process or composition of matter (substance) (known as an invention) which... For the magazine called automobile, see Automobile Magazine. ...

A license to Coleman's invention was purchased by the Delco Company, later acquired by the General Motors Corporation. Coincidentally, the death of a friend from complications due to a jaw broken while hand-cranking his automobile impelled engineer Charles Kettering to replace the hand crank with an electric starter. In 1910, he modified Coleman's design and made it practical. It was tested successfully on Cadillac cars of 1911 and first installed by Cadillac on production models in 1912. These starters also worked as generators once the engine was running, a concept that is now being revived in hybrid vehicles. By 1920, nearly every car had a self-starter. Charles Kettering, on a Time cover, 1933 Charles Franklin Kettering (August 29, 1876–November 24 or November 25, 1958), a. ... General Motors Corporation (NYSE: GM), also known as GM, is an American automobile maker with worldwide operations and brands including Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Holden, Hummer, Opel, Pontiac, Saturn, Saab and Vauxhall. ... Charles Kettering, on a Time cover, 1933 Charles Franklin Kettering (August 29, 1876 – November 24 or November 25, 1958), also known as Boss Kettering, was born in northern Ohio, USA. He was a farmer, school teacher, mechanic, engineer, scientist, inventor and social philosopher. ... Cadillac is a brand of luxury vehicles, part of General Motors, produced and mostly sold in the United States and Canada. ... An electrical generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy, generally using electromagnetic induction. ... See: Hybrid Vehicle ...

Electric starter

The modern starter motor is a series-wound direct current electric motor with a solenoid switch (similar to a relay) mounted on it. When low-current power from the starting battery is applied to the solenoid, usually through a yellow key-operated switch, it pushes out a small pinion gear on the starter motor's shaft and meshes it with the ring gear on the flywheel of the engine. The solenoid also closes high-current contacts for the starter motor and it starts to run. Once the engine starts, the key-operated switch is opened, a spring in the solenoid assembly pulls the pinion gear away from the ring gear, and the starter motor stops. Modern starter motors have a "bendix" — a gear and integral freewheel, or overrunning clutch, that enables the flywheel to automatically disengage the pinion gear from the flywheel when the engine starts. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Direct current (DC or continuous current) is the continuous flow of electricity through a conductor such as a wire from high to low potential. ... Rotating magnetic field as a sum of magnetic vectors from 3 phase coils An electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. ... Various solenoid actuators from Trombetta Motion Technologies A solenoid is a loop of wire, often wrapped around a metallic core, which produces a magnetic field when an electrical current is passed through it. ... Electrical switches. ... Automotive style miniature relay A relay is an electrical switch that opens and closes under control of another electrical circuit. ... In electricity, current refers to electric current, which is the flow of electric charge. ... Lead-acid batteries, invented in 1859 by French physicist Gaston Planté, are the oldest type of galvanic cell battery. ... --80. ... Illustration of a Gear train with a pinion shown. ... Spur gears found on a piece of farm equipment. ... Spoked flywheel Simple flywheel in motion. ... Freewheel mechanism In mechanical or automotive engineering a freewheel is a device in a transmission that disengages the driveshaft from the driven shaft in the case that the driven shaft would rotate at a higher rpm than the driveshaft. ...

Chrysler and Ford both contributed to the starter market, with two types that were very different to those used on vehicles today. DaimlerChrysler AG (Xetra: DCX) , (NYSE: DCX), with headquarters in Stuttgart, Germany and Auburn Hills, Michigan, is a prominent automobile and truck manufacturer, formed in 1998 by the buyout of the Chrysler Corporation (USA) by Daimler-Benz (Germany). ... It has been suggested that this article be split into articles entitled Ford Motor Company and Ford (vehicles). ...

Chrysler manufactured a gear reduction starter employing a small gear to drive a larger gear attached to the starter's pinion gear shaft. This allowed lower current to be drawn from the battery to run the starter, and still had the initial torque needed to turn the flywheel approximately at 200 rpm. This starter is also smaller and integrates the starter solenoid in the starter case, instead of having it mounted externally. Since this design weighs less, it has also been adapted to some light aircraft engines, where minimizing weight is very important. Revolutions per minute (abbreviated rpm, RPM, r/min, or min-1) is a unit of frequency, commonly used to measure rotational speed, in particular in the case of rotation around a fixed axis. ...

Ford's version was slightly more complicated. The engineers at Ford Motor Company used a "positive engagement" style starter. This type of starter eliminated the solenoid, replacing it with a moveable armature and a separate starter relay. An armature is a part made of ferromagnetic metal that is magnetized by a coil of copper ribbon wound around it, creating an electromagnet. The Ford starter operated as follows: Ferromagnetism is a phenomenon by which a material can exhibit a spontaneous magnetization, and is one of the strongest forms of magnetism. ...

1. The operator closed the key-operated starting switch.
2. A small electric current flowed through the starter relay coil, closing the contacts and sending a large current to the starter motor assembly.
3. The armature moved a pinion gear to engage the flywheel ring gear, and simultaneously closed a pair of heavy-duty contacts supplying current to the starter motor winding.
4. The starter motor cranked the engine until it started. An overrunning clutch in the pinion gear uncoupled the gear from the ring gear.
5. The operator released the key-operated starting switch, cutting power to the starter motor assembly.
6. A spring retracted the armature, and with it, the pinion gear.

Pneumatic starter

Some gas turbine engines and Diesel engines, particularly on trucks, use a pneumatic self-starter. The system consists of a geared turbine, an air compressor and a pressure tank. Compressed air released from the tank is used to spin the turbine, and through a set of reduction gears, engages the ring gear on the flywheel, much like an electric starter would. The engine, once running, powers the compressor to recharge the tank. A Siemens steam turbine with the case opened. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The driver of this DAF tractor with an auto-transport semi-trailer truck prepares to offload Å koda Octavia cars in Cardiff, Wales A truck or lorry is a motor vehicle for transporting goods. ... Compressor has several meanings: A gas compressor is a mechanical device that takes in a gas and increases its pressure by squeezing a volume of it into a smaller volume. ... Spur gears found on a piece of farm equipment. ...

Another method, for large diesel engines, uses additional valves in cylinder heads. Compressed air is let in the cylinders so that its pressure pushes pistons down when appropriate; at the upward piston movement, air is discharged through normal exhaust valves.

Since large trucks typically use air brakes, the system does double duty, supplying compressed air to the brake system. Pneumatic starters have the advantages of delivering high torque, mechanical simplicity and reliability. They eliminate the need for oversized, heavy storage batteries in prime mover electrical systems. For the philosophical/theological concept of a prime mover (that is, a self-existent being that is the ultimate cause or mover of all things), see cosmological argument. ...

Auxiliary starter engine

A large, high power Diesel engine, such as those used in off-road heavy equipment, may have a small gasoline-powered engine attached to the side as a starter. An excavator Engineering vehicles are heavy-duty vehicles, specially designed for executing engineering tasks. ...

These were also sometimes called pony engines. On some applications, they shared the same cooling system and oil supply. As the pony engine warmed up, it circulated warm coolant and warm oil in the diesel engine. In addition to making it easier to crank, it improved the service life.

See also

• Vincent Bendix
• Coffman starter
• Air starter

MADE BY ALBERT OPOKU Vincent Hugo Bendix (August 12, 1882 – March 27, 1945) was an American inventor and industrialist. ... The Coffman engine starter was a device used mostly in early piston propeller aircraft for starting the engine(s) from inside the cockpit. ... The air start system on a large slow speed diesel engine is used to initiate ignition and consists of the following components: a compressor, an air reservoir (large cylindrical tank), associated piping, a control valve (this is linked to the camshaft), and the air start valves. ...

Patents

• U.S. Patent 745157  - Clyde J. Coleman
• U.S. Patent 1050739  - R. C. Hull
• U.S. Patent 1464714  - Arthur Kent