Automotive aerodynamics is the study of the aerodynamics of road vehicles. The main concerns of automotive aerodynamics are reducing drag, reducing wind noise, and preventing undesired lift forces at high speeds. For some classes of racing vehicles, it may also be important to produce desirable downwards aerodynamic forces, to improve cornering.
Automotive aerodynamics differs from aircraft aerodynamics in several ways. First, the characteristic shape of a road vehicle is bluff, compared to an aircraft. Second, the vehicle operates very close to the ground, rather than in free air. Third, the characteristic speeds tend to be lower. Fourth, the ground vehicle has fewer degrees of freedom than the aircraft, and its motion is less affected by aerodynamic forces.
Automotive aerodynamics is studied using both computer modelling and wind tunnel testing. For the most accurate results from a wind tunnel test, the tunnel is sometimes equipped with a rolling road. This is a movable floor for the working section, which moves at the same speed as the air flow. This prevents a boundary layer forming on the floor of the working section and affecting the results.
Aerodynamics is a branch of fluid dynamics concerned with the study of forces and gas flows.
The aerodynamics of internal passages is important in heating/ventilation, gas piping, and in automotive engines where detailed flow patterns strongly affect the performance of the engine.
Aerodynamic problems are solved using the conservation laws, or equations derived from the conservation laws.
Aerodynamic development of a new BMW is an iterative process, with priorities given to rear regions, underbodies, wheel housings and cooling airflow, in that order.
Like the airflow sensors in automotive fuel injection systems, this one uses hot wires, three that are mutually perpendicular to get an extremely accurate x-y-z plot of the localized flow.
The car's rotating wheels are mounted independently; this, to isolate their belt-driven forces from primary aerodynamic measurements.
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