NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija

Kosovo (Albanian: Kosovë or Kosova; Serbian: Косово и Метохија or Kosovo i Metohija, also Космет or Kosmet) is a province in southern Serbia which has been under United Nations administration since 1999. While Serbia's nominal sovereignty is recognised by the international community, in practice Serbian governance in the province is virtually non-existent (see also Constitutional status of Kosovo). The province is governed by the United Nations Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) and the local Provisional Institutions of Self-Government, with security provided by the NATO-led Kosovo Force (KFOR). An official language is a language that is given a privileged legal status in a state, or other legally-defined territory. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... In politics, a capital (also called capital city or political capital â€” although the latter phrase has a second meaning based on an alternative sense of capital) is the principal city or town associated with a countrys government. ... PriÅ¡tina, also spelled Pristina (Albanian: PrishtinÃ«/Prishtina; Serbian: PriÅ¡tina/ÐŸÑ€Ð¸ÑˆÑ‚Ð¸Ð½Ð°) is the capital and the largest city of Kosovo, Serbias southern UN administered province. ... The President of Kosovo is elected by the Assembly of Kosovo. ... Fatmir Sejdiu President of Kosovo Fatmir Sejdiu (born October 23, 1951) is the president of Kosova. ... Prime Minister of Kosovo is the head of the Government of Kosovo. ... Former NATO General Wesley Clark (left) and Agim Ã‡eku (right) inspecting a KLA honor guard in Prishtina/PriÅ¡tina, 1999. ... Area is a physical quantity expressing the size of a part of a surface. ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here areas between 10,000 kmÂ² and 100,000 kmÂ². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... A square mile is an Imperial unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (5,280 feet, 1,760 yards, 1,609. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Population density by country, 2006 Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Serbs (Serbian: Ð¡Ñ€Ð±Ð¸, Srbi) are a South Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia. ... A time zone is a region of the Earth that has adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ... Central European Time West Africa Time British Summer Time* Irish Summer Time* Western European Summer Time* Category: ... ISO 4217 Code EUR User(s) European Union; eurozone: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain; outside eurozone: Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, Vatican City, Montenegro, Kosovo, French Guiana, RÃ©union, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte. ... The dinar is the official currency of Serbia, one of the two republics that comprise Serbia and Montenegro. ... Kosovo is a widely used place name in Slavic countries, stemming from the word kos, which means blackbird. ... Kosovo or Kosova is a widely used place name in Slavic countries, stemming from the word kos, which means blackbird. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, and social equity. ... The United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo or UNMIK is an interim civilian administration of the Serbian province (as part of Serbia and Montenegro) called Kosovo (officially Kosovo and Metohia), under the authority of the United Nations. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Old Farts by the Sometimes-United Nations. ... Sovereignty is the exclusive right to exercise supreme political (e. ... The constitutional status of Kosovo has been the subject of repeated political disputes since the region was incorporated into Serbia in 1912. ... The United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo or UNMIK is an interim civilian administration of the Serbian province (as part of Serbia and Montenegro) called Kosovo (officially Kosovo and Metohia), under the authority of the United Nations. ... The Coat of Arms of the Provisional Institutions of Self-Government Provisional Institutions of Self-Government (PISG) are institutions runing Kosovo in cooperation with the United Nations Interim Administrative Mission in Kosovo UNMIK. Resolution 1244 of the United Nations Security Council authorized the Secretary-General to establish an international civil... NATO 2002 Summit in Prague The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation[1] (NATO), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for collective security established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on 4 April 1949. ... Pocket badge of the KFOR The Kosovo Force (KFOR) is a NATO-led international force responsible for establishing and maintaining security in Kosovo. ...

Kosovo borders Montenegro, Albania and the Republic of Macedonia. The mountainous province's capital and largest city is Priština. Kosovo has a population of around two million people, predominately ethnic Albanians, with smaller populations of Serbs, Turks, Bosniaks and other ethnic groups. Motto: none Anthem: Oj, svijetla majska zoro Capital Podgorica Largest city Podgorica Serbian of the Ijekavian dialect1 Government Republic - President Filip VujanoviÄ‡ - Prime Minister Å½eljko Å turanoviÄ‡ Independence From Serbia and Montenegro - Declared June 3, 2006 - Recognised June 8, 2006 Area - Total 14,026 kmÂ² (159th) 5,414 sq mi - Water... Anthem: Transliteration: English: Capital Skopje Largest city Skopje Macedonian, Albanian1 Government Parliamentary republic - President Branko Crvenkovski - Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski Independence from Yugoslavia - Declared September 8, 1991 Area - Total 25,333 kmÂ² (148th) 9,779 sq mi - Water (%) 1. ... PriÅ¡tina, also spelled Pristina (Albanian: PrishtinÃ«/Prishtina; Serbian: PriÅ¡tina/ÐŸÑ€Ð¸ÑˆÑ‚Ð¸Ð½Ð°) is the capital and the largest city of Kosovo, Serbias southern UN administered province. ... Serbs (Serbian: Ð¡Ñ€Ð±Ð¸, Srbi) are a South Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia. ... The Bosniaks (Bosnian: BoÅ¡njaci, IPA: ) are a South Slav people living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the SandÅ¾ak region of Serbia and Montenegro, with a smaller autochthonous population also present in Kosovo. ...

The province is the subject of a long-running political and territorial dispute between the Serbian (and previously, the Yugoslav) government and Kosovo's Albanian population. International negotiations began in 2006 to determine the final status of Kosovo. It is widely expected that the talks will lead to some form of independence.^[1] ^[2] ^[3] Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija in South Slavic languages, ÐˆÑƒÐ³Ð¾ÑÐ»Ð°Ð²Ð¸Ñ˜Ð° (Serbian, Macedonian Cyrillic): Land of the South Slavs) describes three separate political entities that existed on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe during most of the 20th century. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also Names of Kosovo. The province is best known as Kosovo - this name has been the most widely used by maps and gazetteers within Serbia and abroad. ...

Geography

For administrative divisions, see Municipalities of Kosovo The municipalities (Albanian: komuna e, Serbian: opÅ¡tine/Ð¾Ð¿ÑˆÑ‚Ð¸Ð½Ðµ) of Kosovo: DeÃ§an / DeÄani Dragash / DragaÅ¡ GjakovÃ« / Äakovica Gllogovc / Glogovac Gjilan / Gnjilane Istog / Istok KaÃ§anik / KaÄanik KamenicÃ« / Kosovska Kamenica KlinÃ« / Klina FushÃ« KosovÃ« / Kosovo Polje LeposaviÄ‡ / Leposaviq Lipjan / Lipljan MalishevÃ« / MaliÅ¡evo MitrovicÃ« / Kosovska Mitrovica Novo Brdo / Novob...

With an area of 10,912 square kilometres (4,213 sq. mi) and a population of over two million on the eve of the 1999 crisis, Kosovo borders Montenegro to the northwest, Central Serbia to the North and East, the Republic of Macedonia to the south and Albania to the southwest. The province's present borders were established in 1945. The republic of Serbia has one other autonomous province, Vojvodina, located in the far north of the country. Download high resolution version (973x1181, 144 KB)Relief map of Kosovo (1992) Political map of Kosovo (1998) This comes from the University of Texas site, [1], and the copyright notice reads: # Are the maps copyrighted? Most of the maps scanned by the General Libraries and served from this web site... Download high resolution version (973x1181, 144 KB)Relief map of Kosovo (1992) Political map of Kosovo (1998) This comes from the University of Texas site, [1], and the copyright notice reads: # Are the maps copyrighted? Most of the maps scanned by the General Libraries and served from this web site... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here areas between 10,000 kmÂ² and 100,000 kmÂ². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... A square mile is an Imperial unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (5,280 feet, 1,760 yards, 1,609. ... Motto: none Anthem: Oj, svijetla majska zoro Capital Podgorica Largest city Podgorica Serbian of the Ijekavian dialect1 Government Republic - President Filip VujanoviÄ‡ - Prime Minister Å½eljko Å turanoviÄ‡ Independence From Serbia and Montenegro - Declared June 3, 2006 - Recognised June 8, 2006 Area - Total 14,026 kmÂ² (159th) 5,414 sq mi - Water... The term Serbia proper is often used in English to refer to the part of Serbia that lies outside the northern and southern autonomous provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina. ... Anthem: Transliteration: English: Capital Skopje Largest city Skopje Macedonian, Albanian1 Government Parliamentary republic - President Branko Crvenkovski - Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski Independence from Yugoslavia - Declared September 8, 1991 Area - Total 25,333 kmÂ² (148th) 9,779 sq mi - Water (%) 1. ... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Republic of Serbia â€“Vojvodina â€“Kosovo (UN admin. ...

The largest cities are Pristina, the capital, with an estimated 600,000 citizens, and Prizren in the southwest with 120,000 citizens; five other towns have populations in excess of 50,000. The climate in Kosovo is continental with warm summers and cold and snowy winters. . Prishtinë/Prishtina (Albanian indefinite/definite form) or Priština (Приштина) (Serbian) is the capital city of Kosovo, a landlocked province of Serbia located at 42°65′ N 21°17′ E. It is estimated that the current population of Prishtina is... View of Prizren Prizren (Albanian Prizren/Prizreni, Serbian: ÐŸÑ€Ð¸Ð·Ñ€ÐµÐ½ / Prizren) is a historical city located in Kosovo a Serbian Province under UN administration at 42. ...

There are two main plains in Kosovo. The Metohija/Rrafshi i Dukagjinit basin is located in the western part of the province, and the Plain of Kosovo (Albanian: Rrafshi i Kosovës, Serbian: Kosovska Dolina) occupies the central area. Metohija (Serbian: ÐœÐµÑ‚Ð¾Ñ…Ð¸Ñ˜Ð°) also spelled Metohia, is a large western basin in Kosovo. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ...

Much of Kosovo's terrain is rugged. The Sar Mountain (Albanian: Mali i Sharrit, Serbian: Šar Planina) is located in the south and south-east, bordering Macedonia. It is one of the region's most popular tourist and skiing resorts, with Brezovica and Prevalac/Prevallë as the main tourist centres. Kosovo's mountainous area, including the highest peak Deravica/Gjeravica (2656 m above sea level), is located in the south-west, bordering Albania and Montenegro. The Šar mountain (Serbian Шар планина, Šar Planina; Albanian Malet e Sharrit, Sharr) is a mountain on the border of Serbia and Montenegro and the Republic of Macedonia. ... 300px|center|Brezovica Area: 91,2 kmÂ² Population - males - females 9. ... Motto: none Anthem: Oj, svijetla majska zoro Capital Podgorica Largest city Podgorica Serbian of the Ijekavian dialect1 Government Republic - President Filip VujanoviÄ‡ - Prime Minister Å½eljko Å turanoviÄ‡ Independence From Serbia and Montenegro - Declared June 3, 2006 - Recognised June 8, 2006 Area - Total 14,026 kmÂ² (159th) 5,414 sq mi - Water...

The mountain range dividing Kosovo from Albania is known in English as the Cursed Mountains or Albanian Alps (Albanian: Bjeshkët e Nemuna, Serbian: Prokletije). The Kopaonik mountain is located in the north, bordering Central Serbia. The central region of Drenica, Carraleva/Crnoljevo and the eastern part of Kosovo, known as Gallap/Golak, are mainly hilly areas. The term Serbia proper is often used in English to refer to the part of Serbia that lies outside the northern and southern autonomous provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina. ... Drenica is a hilly region in central Kosovo, west of the capital Prishtina, populated by almost 100% Albanian population. ...

There are several notable rivers and lakes in Kosovo. The main rivers are the Drin River (Albanian: Drini i Bardhë, Serbian: Beli Drin). Several other waterways flow into it, including the Erenik, and the river runs towards the Adriatic Sea, Sitnica, Morava in the Gollak area and Ibar (Albanian Ibër) in the north. The main lakes are Badovc in the north-east and Gazivoda in the north-western part. The Drin (Ð”Ñ€Ð¸Ð¼ / Drim in Macedonian and in Serbian) is the longest river in Albania, which empties into the Adriatic Sea near the city of LezhÃ« and the river Buna (Bojana in Serbian) near Rozafa. ... A satellite image of the Adriatic Sea. ...

History

Dardania region Dardania was a region encompassing the area of the modern-day province under UN administration Kosovo, southern parts of Serbia, mostly, but not entirely, western parts of the Republic of Macedonia, and parts of north-eastern Albania. ... // Slavic peoples According to most historians, Slavs entered the Balkans around the late 6th or early 7th century AD, possibly migrating from the northern Caucasus where Ptolemy placed the Serboi in the 2nd century AD. The initial spread of the Slavic population of the Balkans was much larger than today... // This page is about the Battle of Kosovo of 1389; for other battles, see Battle of Kosovo (disambiguation). ... In the second Battle of Kosovo (rigÃ³mezei csata in Hungarian) in 1448, the Hungarian Catholic coalition under John Hunyadi was defeated by the Ottoman Turkish-led coalition under Murad II. The battle was fought between October 7th and 10th in the Kosovo Field (Kosovo Polje). ... Kosovo from 1455 to 1912 The territory of todays province was for centuries ruled by the Ottoman Empire. ... Vilayet of Kosovo, 1875-1878 Vilayet of Kosovo, 1881-1912 The Province of Kosovo (Turkish: Kosova) was a vilayet of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkan Peninsula only roughly corresponding to the current region of Kosovo. ... The League of Prizren (Albanian: Lidhja e Prizrenit) was created on June 10, 1878 in a mosque in Prizren, Kosovo by 300 Albanian nationalist leaders, mostly from Kosovo, Western former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and Muslim leaders from Bosnia-Hercegovina and the Sandzak, in order to achieve an autonomous Albanian... // 20th century Following the First Balkan War of 1912, Kosovo was internationally recognised as a part of Serbia and Metohia as a part of Montenegro at the Treaty of London in May 1913. ... The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts (a civil war followed by an international war) in the southern Serbian province called Kosovo (officially Kosovo and Metohia), part of the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. ... This article describes history of Kosovo. ... // Ottoman Rule 14th century The DeÄani Charter from 1330[citation needed] contained detailed list of households and chartered villages in Metohija and northwestern Albania: 3 of 89 settlements were Albanian, the other being non-Albanian. ...

Ancient

The region was certainly inhabited in prehistoric times, it appears, by two different cultures: Bronze and Iron Age tombs have been found only in Metohia, and not in Kosovo.^[4] After the Indo-European invasion, Kosovo became inhabited by Illyrian and Thracian tribes, such as the Dardani and the Triballi; the territory of today's province was a part of Dardania. The south of Kosovo was ruled by Macedon since Alexander the Great's reign in the 4th century BC. The local Dardani were of Illyrian or Thracian stock. Illyrians resisted rule by the Greeks and Romans for centuries but after the long periods of conflict between Illyrian tribes and invading imperial powers, the region was eventually occupied by the Roman Empire under Emperor Augustus in 28 BC, although it is not clear whether it was part of the province of Moesia or was divided between Dalmatia and Moesia (a view which is supported by some archaeological evidence).^[4] Emperor Diocletian later (c. 284) made Dardania into a separate province with its capital at Naissus (Niš). When the Roman Empire split in A.D. 395, the area came under the Eastern Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire. Many inhabitants of Dardania became leaders in Rome and Constantinopolis, including Justinian the Great. Stonehenge, England, erected by Neolithic peoples ca. ... The Bronze Age is a period in a civilizations development when the most advanced metalworking has developed the techniques of smelting copper from natural outcroppings and alloys it to cast bronze. ... Iron Age Axe found on Gotland This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age, for the mythological Iron Age see Iron Age (mythology). ... A tomb is a small building (or vault) for the remains of the dead, with walls, a roof, and (if it is to be used for more than one corpse) a door. ... Metohija, also spelled Metohia (Serbian: Метохија; Albanian: Rrafshi i Dukagjinit (Dukagjin plateau)) is a large basin at the west of the Serbian province of Kosovo and Metohija, which is named after it. ... Illyria Illyria (disambiguation) Illyria (Anc. ... The Thracians were an Indo-European people, inhabitants of Thrace and adjacent lands (present-day Bulgaria, Romania, northeastern Greece, European Turkey and northwestern asiatic Turkey, eastern Serbia and parts of Republic of Macedonia). ... Albani (Albanoi), tribe in ancient Illyria, from Alexander G. Findlays Classical Atlas to Illustrate Ancient Geography, New York, 1849 The Dardani were an ancient Indo-European tribe that lived in Dardania (largely corresponding to present day Kosovo, as well as other parts of present day southern Serbia) and was... The Triballi were an ancient Illyrian or Thracian people whose earliest home was near the junction of the Angrus and Brongus (the South and West Morava), and included towards the south the Triballian plain, which corresponds to the plain of Kosovo in Serbia. ... Dardania region Dardania was a region encompassing the area of the modern-day province under UN administration Kosovo, southern parts of Serbia, mostly, but not entirely, western parts of the Republic of Macedonia, and parts of north-eastern Albania. ... Macedons regions and towns Macedon or Macedonia (from Greek ; see also List of traditional Greek place names) was the name of an ancient kingdom in the northern-most part of ancient Greece, bordering the kingdom of Epirus on the west and the region of Thrace to the east. ... Alexander the Great (Greek: ,[1] Megas Alexandros; July 356 BCâ€“June 11, 323 BC), also known as Alexander III, king of Macedon (336â€“323 BC), was one of, if not the most successful military commanders in history. ... Albani (Albanoi), tribe in ancient Illyria, from Alexander G. Findlays Classical Atlas to Illustrate Ancient Geography, New York, 1849 The Dardani were an ancient Indo-European tribe that lived in Dardania (largely corresponding to present day Kosovo, as well as other parts of present day southern Serbia) and was... This article is about an ancient civilization in southeastern Europe; see also Illyria (software), Illyria (character in the TV series Angel). ... The Thracians were an Indo-European people, inhabitants of Thrace and adjacent lands (present-day Bulgaria, Romania, northeastern Greece, European Turkey and northwestern asiatic Turkey, eastern Serbia and parts of Republic of Macedonia). ... The Roman Forum was the central area around which ancient Rome developed. ... The Roman Empire was a phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by an autocratic form of government. ... Augustus (Latin: IMPâ€¢CAESARâ€¢DIVIâ€¢Fâ€¢AVGVSTVS;[1] September 23, 63 BCâ€“August 19, AD 14), known as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (English Octavian; Latin: Câ€¢IVLIVSâ€¢Câ€¢Fâ€¢CAESARâ€¢OCTAVIANVS) for the period of his life prior to 27 BC, was the first and among the most important of... Moesia is an ancient province situated in the areas of modern Serbia and Bulgaria. ... Map of Croatia with Dalmatia highlighted Dalmatia (Croatian: Dalmacija Serbian: Ð”Ð°Ð»Ð¼Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ñ˜Ð°) is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, in modern Croatia, spreading between the island of Rab in the northwest and the Gulf of Kotor (Boka Kotorska) in the southeast. ... Emperor Diocletian. ... For other uses, see number 284. ... Location in Serbia General Information Mayor Smiljko KostiÄ‡ (NS) (since 2004) Land area 597 kmÂ² Population (2002 census) 250,518 (City of NiÅ¡) Population density (2002) 420/kmÂ² Coordinates 43Â°19 N 21Â°54 E Area code +381 18 Subdivisions 5 Municipalities License plate code NI Time zone UTC+1... Dionysius Exiguus invented Anno Domini years to date Easter. ... Events After the death of emperor Theodosius I, the Roman Empire is divided in an eastern and a western half. ... What Up. ... What Up. ... Dardania in Greek mythology is the name of a city founded on Mount Ida by Dardanus from which also the region and the people took their name. ... Map of Constantinople. ... Justinian I, depicted on a contemporary coin Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus or Justinian I (May 11, 483–November 13/14, 565), was Eastern Roman Emperor from AD August 1, 527 until his death. ...

Medieval

Great Migrations and Interregnums

Serbs came to the territories that form modern Kosovo in the 7th centuries migrations of White Serbs under the Unknown Archont, with the largest influx of migrants in the 630s; although the region was increasingly populated by Slavs since the 6th or even 5th century. These Slavs were Christianized in several waves between the 7th and 9th century, with the last wave taking place between 867 and 874. The northwestern part of Kosovo, Hvosno, became a part of the Byzantine Serb vassal state the Principality of Rascia, with Dostinik as the principality's capital. Serbs (Serbian: Ð¡Ñ€Ð±Ð¸, Srbi) are a South Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia. ... The 7th century is the period from 601 - 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... White Serbs were a Slavic tribe, which lived in the region around river Elbe (today in eastern Germany and western Poland) in the early medieval ages. ... The Unknown Archont The House of Vlastimirovic is named for Knez Vlastimir who was the great great grandson of the Unknown Archont who led the Serbs to the Balkans from White Serbia (modern day Poland, Slovakia and Ukraine) during the reign of Byzantine emperor Heraclius somewhere between 610 - 641. ... St Francis Xavier converting the Paravas: a 19th-century image of the docile heathen Ansgar, the 9th century apostle of the North in an 1830 drawing. ... The 7th century is the period from 601 - 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... As a means of recording the passage of time the 9th century was that century that lasted from 801 to 900. ... Events September - Basil I becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire. ... Events March 13 - The bones of Saint Nicephorus are interred in the Church of the Apostles, Constantinople. ... Serbs (in the Serbian language Срби, Srbi) are a south Slavic people living chiefly in Serbia and Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... RaÅ¡ka (Raschka, Rascia, Rassa) was the central and most successful medieval Serbian state (or Å¾upa, area ruled by a Å¾upan) that unified neighboring Serbian tribes into the main medieval Serbian state in Balkans. ...

In the late 800s, the whole of Kosovo was seized by the First Bulgarian Empire. Although Serbia restored control over Metohija throughout the 10th century, the rest of Kosovo was returned to the Byzantine Empire in a period of Bulgarian decline. However, Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria reconquered the whole of Kosovo in the late 10th century until the Byzantines restored their control over the area as they subjugated the Bulgarian Empire. In 1040-1041, Slavs staged a rebellion against the Eastern Roman Empire that temporarily encompassed Kosovo. After the rebellion was crushed, the Byzantine control over the region continued. The First Bulgarian Empire was founded in 681 AD in the lands near the Danube delta and disintegrated in 1018 AD by annexion to the Byzantine Empire. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Metohija (Serbian: ÐœÐµÑ‚Ð¾Ñ…Ð¸Ñ˜Ð°) also spelled Metohia, is a large western basin in Kosovo. ... It has been suggested that Samuils Inscription be merged into this article or section. ...

Throughout the following decades, numerous foreign peoples invading the Byzantine Empire stormed Kosovo, among them the Cumans. Cumans, also called as Polovtsy, (Russian ÐŸÐ¾Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ñ†Ñ‹, from old Slavic for pale yellowish) was the European name for the Western Kipchaks, a nomadic West Turkic tribe living on the north of the Black Sea along the Volga. ...

In 1072, local Slavs, under George Voiteh, pushed a final attempt to restore Imperial Bulgarian power and invited the last heir of the House of Comitopuli - Duklja's prince Konstantin Bodin of the House of Vojislavljevic, son of the Serbian King Mihailo Voislav - to assume power. The Serbs decided to conquer the entire Byzantine region of Bulgaria. King Mihailo dispatched his son with 300 elite Serb fighters led by Duke Petrilo. Constantine Bodin was crowned in Prizren as Petar III, Tsar of the Bulgarians by Goerge Voiteh and the Slavic Boyars. The Empire swept across Byzantine territories in months, until the significant losses on the south had forced Czar Petar to withdraw. In 1073, the Byzantine forces chased Constantine Bodin, defeated his army at Pauni, and imprisoned him. The Comitopuli dynasty (Bulgarian: Ð”Ð¸Ð½Ð°ÑÑ‚Ð¸ÑÑ‚Ð° Ð½Ð° ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¸Ñ‚Ð¾Ð¿ÑƒÐ»Ð¸Ñ‚Ðµ) was the last royal dynasty in the First Bulgarian Empire, ruling from ca. ... Duklja according to De administrando imperio. ... Constantin Bodin (Konstantin Bodin), king of Duklja 1081â€“1101, and Peter III (PetÄƒr III) as emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria for a short time in 1072. ... House of Vojislavljevic (ca 1050- ca 1160) Serb ruling Dynasty of Zeta/Duklja. ... This is the list of Serbian monarchs. ... Mihailo of the House of Voislav was the ruler of Duklja as Grand Prince (1050-1077) and King (1077-1082). ... View of Prizren Prizren (Albanian Prizren/Prizreni, Serbian: ÐŸÑ€Ð¸Ð·Ñ€ÐµÐ½ / Prizren) is a historical city located in Kosovo a Serbian Province under UN administration at 42. ... // Rulers of Bulgaria Note on titles According to a controversial 17th century Volga Bulgar source, early Bulgar leaders bore the title of baltavar, which might mean ruler of Avars, although this is likely a folk etymology. ... Pauni is a city and a municipal council in Bhandara district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. ...

Incorporation into Serbia

The full Serbian takeover was carried out under a branch of the House of Voislav Grand Princes of Rascia. In 1093, Prince Vukan advanced on Lipljan, burned it down and raided the neighbouring areas. The Byzantine Emperor himself came to Zvečan for negotiations. Zvečan served as the Byzantine line-of-defence against constant invasions from the neighboring Serbs. A peace agreement was made, but Vukan broke it and defeated the army of John Comnenus, the Emperor's nephew. Vukan's armies stormed Kosovo. In 1094, Byzantine Emperor Alexius attempted to renew peace negotiations in Ulpiana. A new peace agreement was concluded and Vukan handed over hostages to the Emperor, including his two nephews Uroš and Stefan Vukan. Prince Vukan renewed the conflict in 1106, once again defeating John Comnenus' army. However, his death halted the total Serb conquest of Kosovo. The House of Vojislav was a medieval dynasty that inherited the claims over Duklja of the old ruling House of Saint Vladimir and the Serbian House of Vlastimir dynasty. ... The title Grand Prince (Latin, Magnus Princeps; German, GroÃŸfÃ¼rst, Finnish Suuriruhtinas, Swedish Storfurste, Lithuanian Didysis kunigaikÅ¡tis, Russian Ð’ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÐºÐ½ÑÐ·ÑŒ Velikii kniaz) ranks in honour below Emperor and Tsar but higher than a sovereign Prince (FÃ¼rst) or Royal Prince. ... Raška (Raschka, Rascia, Rassa) was the central and most successful medieval Serbian state (or župa, area ruled by a župan) that unified neighboring Serbian tribes into the main medieval Serbian state in Balkans. ... // Events Donald III of Scotland comes to the throne of Scotland. ... Lipjan is a city in central Kosovo. ... ZveÄan/Ð—Ð²ÐµÑ‡Ð°Ð½ (Serbian) or Zveqan or Zveqani (Albanian) is a town and municipality in Kosovo. ... // Events May - El Cid completes his Christian reconquest of Valencia, Spain from the Muslims. ... Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus Alexius I (1048–August 15, 1118), Byzantine emperor (1081–1118), was the third son of John Comnenus, the nephew of Isaac I Comnenus (emperor 1057–1059). ... Events September 28 - Henry I of England defeats his older brother Robert Curthose, duke of Normandy, at the Battle of Tinchebrai, and imprisons him in Cardiff Castle; Edgar Atheling and William Clito are also taken prisoner. ...

In 1166, a Serbian nobleman from Zeta, Stefan Nemanja, the founder of the House of Nemanja ascended to the Rascian Grand Princely throne and conquered most of Kosovo, in an uprising against the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Comnenus. He defeated the previous Grand Prince of Rascia Tihomir's army at Pantino, near Pauni. Tihomir, who was Stefan's brother, was drowned in the Sitnica river. Stefan was eventually defeated and had to return some of his conquests. He pledged to the Emperor that he would not renew hostilies, but in 1183, Stefan Nemanja embarked on a new offensive with the Hungarians after the death of Manuel I Comnenus in 1180, marking the end of Byzantine domination of Kosovo. // Events Marko III succeeds Yoannis V as patriarch of Alexandria. ... Zeta was one of the first Montenegrin states in the Middle Ages. ... Image:Simeon. ... NemanjiÄ‡ dynasty insignia NemanjiÄ‡ (Serbian ÐÐµÐ¼Ð°ÑšÐ¸Ñ›; in English formerly Nemanjid) was a medieval Serbian ruling dynasty. ... Manuel I Comnenus (Greek: ÎœÎ±Î½Î¿Ï…Î®Î» Î‘ Î¿ ÎšÎ¿Î¼Î½Î·Î½ÏŒÏ‚; November 28, 1118 â€“ September 24, 1180), was a Byzantine Emperor of the 12th century who reigned over a crucial turning point in the history of Byzantium and the Mediterranean. ... The Sitnica (Albanian: SitnicÃ«; Serbian Cyrillic: Ð¡Ð¸Ñ‚Ð½Ð¸Ñ†Ð°), is a 90 km long river in Kosovo and Metohija province of Serbia (Serbia and Montenegro). ... Events Three-year old Emperor Go-Toba ascends to the throne of Japan after the forced abdication of his brother Antoku during the Genpei War William of Tyre excommunicated by the newly appointed Heraclius of Jerusalem, firmly ending their struggle for power Andronicus I Comnenus becomes the Byzantine emperor Births... Manuel I Comnenus (Greek: ÎœÎ±Î½Î¿Ï…Î®Î» Î‘ Î¿ ÎšÎ¿Î¼Î½Î·Î½ÏŒÏ‚; November 28, 1118 â€“ September 24, 1180), was a Byzantine Emperor of the 12th century who reigned over a crucial turning point in the history of Byzantium and the Mediterranean. ... Events April 13 - Frederick Barbarossa issues the Gelnhausen Charter November 18 - France Emperor Antoku succeds Emperor Takakura as emperor of Japan Afonso I of Portugal is taken prisoner by Ferdinand II of Leon Artois is annexed by France Prince Mochihito amasses a large army and instigates the Genpei War between...

Nemanja's son, Stefan II, recorded that the border of the Serbian realm reached the river of Lab. Grand Prince Stephen II completed the inclusion of the Kosovo territories under Serb rule in 1208, by which time he had conquered Prizren and Lipljan, and moved the border of territory under his control to the Šar mountain. Stefan PrvovenÄani (lit. ...

Kingdom of the Serbs

In 1217, the Serbian Kingdom achieved recognition. In 1219, an autocephalous Serbian Orthodox Church was created, with Hvosno, Prizren and Lipljan being the Orthodox Christian Episcopates on Kosovo. By the end of the 13th century, the centre of the Serbian Church was moved to Peć from Žiča. Events April 9 - Peter of Courtenay crowned emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople at Rome, by Pope Honorius III May 20 - First Barons War, royalist victory at Lincoln. ... First Serbian state was founded in 800s by House of VlastimiroviÄ‡ under the name of RaÅ¡ka; it has evolved into Serbian Kingdom and Empire under House of NemanjiÄ‡. In modern era it was an autonomous principality (1817â€“1878), independent principality and kingdom (1878â€“1918), part of the Kingdom of... // Events Saint Francis of Assisi introduces Catholicism into Egypt, during the Fifth Crusade The Flag of Denmark fell from the sky during the Battle of Lyndanisse Ongoing events Fifth Crusade (1217-1221) Births Christopher I of Denmark (died 1259) Frederick II of Austria (died 1246) Guillaume de Gisors, supposedly the... Flag of the Serbian Orthodox Church The Serbian Orthodox Church (SOC) (Serbian: Ð¡Ñ€Ð¿ÑÐºÐ° ÐŸÑ€Ð°Ð²Ð¾ÑÐ»Ð°Ð²Ð½Ð° Ð¦Ñ€ÐºÐ²Ð° / Srpska Pravoslavna Crkva; Ð¡ÐŸÐ¦ / SPC) or the Church of Serbia is one of the autocephalous Orthodox Christian churches, ranking sixth after Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem, and Russia. ... It has been suggested that episcopal be merged into this article or section. ... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... Flag of the Serbian Orthodox Church The Serbian Orthodox Church (SOC) (Serbian: Ð¡Ñ€Ð¿ÑÐºÐ° ÐŸÑ€Ð°Ð²Ð¾ÑÐ»Ð°Ð²Ð½Ð° Ð¦Ñ€ÐºÐ²Ð° / Srpska Pravoslavna Crkva; Ð¡ÐŸÐ¦ / SPC) or the Church of Serbia is one of the autocephalous Orthodox Christian churches, ranking sixth after Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem, and Russia. ... PeÄ‡ (Serbian: ÐŸÐµÑ›; Albanian PejÃ« or Peja) is a city located in the western part of Kosovo, Serbia and Montenegro, at 40Â°66â€²N 20Â°31â€²E. It had a population of 81,800 as of 2003. ... Zica monastery, and the church of Saint Salvation, was built by the first crowned king of Serbia, Stefan Nemanjic. ...

In the 13th century, Kosovo became the heart of the Serbian political and religious life, with the Šar mountain becoming the political center of the Serbian rulers. The main chatteu was in Pauni. On an island was Svrčin, and on the coast Štimlji, and in the mountains was the Castle of Nerodimlje. The Complexes were used for counciling, crowning of rulers, negotiating, and as the rulers' living quarters. After 1291, the Tartars broke all the way to Peć. Serbian King Stefan Milutin managed to defeat them and then chase them further. He raised the Temple of the Mother of Christ of Ljeviška in Prizren around 1307, which became the seat of the Prizren Episcopric, and the magnificent Gračanica in 1335, the seat of the Lipljan Episcopric. In 1331, Juvenille King Dušan attacked his father, Serbian King Stefan of Dechani at his castle in Nerodimlje. King Stefan closed in his neighbouring fortress of Petrič, but Dušan captured him and closed him with his second wife Maria Palailogos and their children in Zvečan, where the dethroned King died on 11 November 1331. Shtime, Kosovo 2006 Shtime (Albanian) or Å timlje/Ð¨Ñ‚Ð¸Ð¼Ñ™Ðµ (Serbian) is a town located in central Kosovo and the seat of the Shtime municipality. ... This is the list of Serbian monarchs. ... Stephen Uros II Milutin of Serbia was king of Serbia from 1282 to 1321. ... Theotokos of Kazan Theotokos (Greek Î˜ÎµÎ¿Ï„ÏŒÎºÎ¿Ï‚) is a title of Mary, the mother of Jesus. ... GraÄanica is a town and a municipality in northeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, located east of Doboj and west of Tuzla. ... Petrich (ÐŸÐµÑ‚Ñ€Ð¸Ñ‡) is a town in Blagoevgrad Province in southwestern Bulgaria, located at the foot of the Belasitsa. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... Events September 8 - Stefan Dusan declares himself king of Serbia Start of the reign of Emperor Kogon of Japan, first of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders Births Coluccio Salutati, Florentine political leader (died 1406) Deaths January 14 - Odoric, Italian explorer October 27 - Abulfeda, Arab historian and geographer (born 1273) Categories: 1331...

In 1327 and 1328, Serbian King Stefan of Dechani started forming the vast Dečani domain, although, Serbian King Dušan would finish it in 1335. Stefan of Dechani issued the Dechani Charter in 1330, listing every single citizen in every household under the Church Land's demesne.

Serbian Empire and Despotate

King Stefan Dušan founded the vast Monastery of Saint Archaengel near Prizren in 1342-1352. The Kingdom was transformed into an Empire in 1345 and officially in 1346. Stefan Dušan received John VI Cantacuzenus in 1342 in his Castle in Pauni to discuss a joint War against the Byzantine Emperor. In 1346, the Serbian Archepiscopric at Peć was upgraded into a Patriarchate, but it was not recognized before 1370. Look up monarch in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... DuÅ¡an Silni Tsar Stefan UroÅ¡ IV DuÅ¡an Silni (the mighty) (Serbian: Ð¦Ð°Ñ€ Ð¡Ñ‚ÐµÑ„Ð°Ð½ Ð”ÑƒÑˆÐ°Ð½ Ð¡Ð¸Ð»Ð½Ð¸) (circa 1308 â€“ December 20, 1355) was a Serb king (September 8, 1331 â€“ 1346) and tsar (1346 â€“ December 5, 1355). ... Events May - Pope Clement VI elected John III Comnenus becomes emperor of Trebizond Louis becomes king of Sicily and duke of Athens Constantine IV becomes king of Armenia Patriarch of Antioch transferred to Damascus under Ignatius II KitzbÃ¼hel becomes part of Tyrol Louis I becomes king of Hungary Births... Events June 4 - Glarus joins the Swiss Confederation. ... Serbia was formerly a principality (1817-1882), kingdom (1882-1918) and part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918-1945, until 1929 the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes). ... John VI Cantacuzenus (c. ... Events May - Pope Clement VI elected John III Comnenus becomes emperor of Trebizond Louis becomes king of Sicily and duke of Athens Constantine IV becomes king of Armenia Patriarch of Antioch transferred to Damascus under Ignatius II KitzbÃ¼hel becomes part of Tyrol Louis I becomes king of Hungary Births... Pauni is a city and a municipal council in Bhandara district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. ... // Events Serbian Empire was proclaimed in Skopje by Dusan Silni, occupying much of the South-Eastern Europe Foundation of the University of Valladolid Foundation of Pembroke College, University of Cambridge August 26 Battle of Crecy after which Edward the Black Prince honored the bravery of John I, Count of Luxemburg... In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop heading a diocese of particular importance due to either its size, history, or both, called an archdiocese. ... A patriarchate is the office or jurisdiction of a patriarch. ... Events Beginning of the rule of Poland by Capet-Anjou family. ...

After the Empire fell into disarray prior to Dušan's death in 1355, feudal anarchy caught up with the country during the reign of Tsar Stefan Uroš V. Kosovo became a domain of the House of Mrnjavčević, but Prince Voislav Voinović expanded his demesne further into Kosovo. The armies of King Vukašin Mrnjavčević from Pristina and his allies defeated Voislav's forces in 1369, putting a halt to his advances. After the Battle of Marica on 26 September 1371, in which the Mrnjavčević brothers lost their lives, Đurađ I Balšić of Zeta took Prizren and Peć in 1372. A part of Kosovo became the demesne of the House of Lazarević. Events January 7 - Portuguese king Afonso IV sends three men to kill Ines de Castro, beloved of his son prince Pedro - Pedro revolts and incites a civil war. ... Stefan UroÅ¡ V nejaki (The Weak) (Ð¡Ñ‚ÐµÑ„Ð°Ð½ Ð£Ñ€Ð¾Ñˆ V Ð½ÐµÑ˜Ð°ÐºÐ¸) (1336-1371) was Serb king (1346-1355) as co-ruler of his father DuÅ¡an and tzar (1355-1371). ... Vukashin (Ð’Ð»ÑŠÐºÐ°ÑˆÐ¸Ð½ÑŠ; Serbian Ð’ÑƒÐºÐ°ÑˆÐ¸Ð½ ÐœÑ€ÑšÐ°Ð²Ñ‡ÐµÐ²Ð¸Ñ›, VukaÅ¡in MrnjavÄeviÄ‡; Bulgarian Ð’ÑŠÐ»ÐºÐ°ÑˆÐ¸Ð½, Valkashin) (around 1320â€”1371) was a Serbian medieval ruler in modern-day central and northwestern Macedonia, who ruled from 1365 to 1371. ... Vukashin (Ð’Ð»ÑŠÐºÐ°ÑˆÐ¸Ð½ÑŠ; Serbian Ð’ÑƒÐºÐ°ÑˆÐ¸Ð½ ÐœÑ€ÑšÐ°Ð²Ñ‡ÐµÐ²Ð¸Ñ›, VukaÅ¡in MrnjavÄeviÄ‡; Bulgarian Ð’ÑŠÐ»ÐºÐ°ÑˆÐ¸Ð½, Valkashin) (around 1320â€”1371) was a Serbian medieval ruler in modern-day central and northwestern Macedonia, who ruled from 1365 to 1371. ... Prishtinë/Prishtina (Albanian indefinite/definite form) or Priština (Приштина) (Serbian) is the capital city of Kosovo, a landlocked province of Serbia located at 42°65′ N 21°17′ E. It is estimated that the current population of Prishtina is... Events King Charles V of France renounces the treaty of Brétigny and war is declared between France and England. ... The Battle of Maritsa was a battle that took place at the Maritsa River on September 26, 1371 between the forces of the Ottoman sultan Murad Is lieutenant LalaÅŸahin and a coalition of Serbian, Bulgarian and Macedonian forces numbering 70,000 men under the command of the Serbian... September 26 is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 96 days remaining. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Go-Kogon of Japan, fourth of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders Start of the reign of Emperor Go-Enyu of Japan, fifth and last of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders Charterhouse Carthusian Monastery founded in Aldersgate, London. ... The House of BalÅ¡iÄ‡ was a Serbian medieval dynasty that ruled Zeta. ... Zeta was one of the first Montenegrin states in the Middle Ages. ... Events In this year, the city of Aachen, Germany begins adding a Roman numeral Anno Domini date to a few of its coins. ... Prince Lazar, Photo courtesy of freesrpska. ...

The Ottomans invaded and met the Christian coalition under Prince Lazar on 28 June 1389, near Pristina, at Gazi Mestan. The Serbian Army was assisted by various allies. The epic Battle of Kosovo followed, in which Prince Lazar himself lost his life. Prince Lazar amassed 70,000 men on the battlefield and the Ottomans had 140,000. Through the cunning of Miloš Obilić, Sultan Murad was murdered and the new Sultan Beyazid had, despite winning the battle, to retreat to consolidate his power. The Ottoman Sultan was buried with one of his sons at Gazi Mestan. Both Prince Lazar and Miloš Obilić were canonised by the Serbian Orthodox Church for their efforts in the battle. The local House of Branković came to prominence as the local lords of Kosovo, under Vuk Branković, with the temporary fall of the Serbian Despotate in 1439. Another great battle occurred between the Hungarian troops supported by the Albanian ruler Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg on one side, and Ottoman troops supported by the Brankovićs in 1448. Skanderbeg's troops that were going to help John Hunyadi were stopped by the Branković's troops, who was more or less a Turkish Vassal. Hungarian King John Hunyadi lost the battle after a 2-day fight, but essentially stopped the Ottoman advance northwards. Kosovo then became vassalaged to the Ottoman Empire, until its direct incorporation after the final fall of Serbia in 1459. Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Ø¯ÙˆÙ„Øª Ø§Ø¨Ø¯ Ù…Ø¯Øª Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (The Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital SÃ¶ÄŸÃ¼t (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah... Prince Lazar, Photo courtesy of freesrpska. ... June 28 is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 186 days remaining. ... Events February 24 - Margaret I defeats Albert in battle, thus becoming ruler of Denmark, Norway and Sweden June 28 - Battle of Kosovo between Serbs and Ottomans. ... Prishtinë/Prishtina (Albanian indefinite/definite form) or Priština (Приштина) (Serbian) is the capital city of Kosovo, a landlocked province of Serbia located at 42°65′ N 21°17′ E. It is estimated that the current population of Prishtina is... // This page is about the Battle of Kosovo of 1389; for other battles, see Battle of Kosovo (disambiguation). ... MiloÅ¡ ObiliÄ‡ According to a Serbian epic poetry, MiloÅ¡ ObiliÄ‡ was the name of the Serbian knight who, at the Battle of Kosovo, between Serbia and the Ottoman Empire, assassinated the Ottoman sultan Murad I. One of the tales about him tells that MiloÅ¡ ObiliÄ‡ had created the secret Order... For information on the racehorse, see Sultan (horse) Sultan (Arabic: Ø³Ù„Ø·Ø§Ù†) is an Islamic title, with several historical meanings. ... Sultan Murad I (à¸¡à¸¹à¹‰à¸«à¸¥à¸±à¸”à¸—à¸µà¹ˆà¸«à¸™à¸¶à¹ˆà¸‡) Murad I (nick-named HÃ¼davendigÃ¢r, the God-liked one) (1319 (or 1326) â€“ 1389) was the ruler of the Ottoman Empire from 1359 to 1389. ... Beyazid, also spelt Bayezid, Bajazet, Beyazit, or Bayazit, was the name of two sultans of the Ottoman Empire in Turkey. ... Prince Lazar, Photo courtesy of freesrpska. ... MiloÅ¡ ObiliÄ‡ According to a Serbian epic poetry, MiloÅ¡ ObiliÄ‡ was the name of the Serbian knight who, at the Battle of Kosovo, between Serbia and the Ottoman Empire, assassinated the Ottoman sultan Murad I. One of the tales about him tells that MiloÅ¡ ObiliÄ‡ had created the secret Order... Flag of the Serbian Orthodox Church The Serbian Orthodox Church (SOC) (Serbian: Ð¡Ñ€Ð¿ÑÐºÐ° ÐŸÑ€Ð°Ð²Ð¾ÑÐ»Ð°Ð²Ð½Ð° Ð¦Ñ€ÐºÐ²Ð° / Srpska Pravoslavna Crkva; Ð¡ÐŸÐ¦ / SPC) or the Church of Serbia is one of the autocephalous Orthodox Christian churches, ranking sixth after Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem, and Russia. ... Vuk BrankoviÄ‡ (in Serbian Cyrillic Ð’ÑƒÐº Ð‘Ñ€Ð°Ð½ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ›) (dead 6. ... Vuk BrankoviÄ‡ (in Serbian Cyrillic Ð’ÑƒÐº Ð‘Ñ€Ð°Ð½ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ›) (dead 6. ... First Serbian state was founded in 800s by House of VlastimiroviÄ‡ under the name of RaÅ¡ka; it has evolved into Serbian Kingdom and Empire under House of NemanjiÄ‡. In modern era it was an autonomous principality (1817â€“1878), independent principality and kingdom (1878â€“1918), part of the Kingdom of... Events Battle of Grotnik, which ended the hussite movement in Poland Eric of Pomerania, King of Sweden, Denmark and Norway is declared deposed in Sweden. ... Scanderbeg and the people, sculpture by Janaq PaÃ§o and Genc Hajdari in the National Museum, Kruje, Albania George Kastrioti (Gjergj Kastrioti) (1405 - January 17, 1468), better known as Skanderbeg, is the most prominent figure in the history of Albania. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Events January 5/ 6 - Christopher of Bavaria, King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden dies with no designated heir leaving all three kingdoms with vacant thrones. ... Look up vassal in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... John Hunyadi, as imagined by a 17th century artist John Hunyadi (Medieval Latin: Ioannes Corvinus, German: Johann Hunyadi; Hungarian: Hunyadi JÃ¡nos, Romanian: Iancu or Ioan de Hunedoara) (c. ...

In 1455, new castles rose to prominence in Prishtina and Vučitrn, centres of the Ottoman vassalaged House of Branković. Priština (Приштина) (Serbian) or Prishtinë/Prishtina (Albanian indefinite/definite form) is the capital city of the province called Kosovo and Metohia, located in the south of Serbia at 42°65 N, 21°17 E. The population is 204,500 as of... VuÄitrn (Ð’ÑƒÑ‡Ð¸Ñ‚Ñ€Ð½; Albanian: Vushtrri), is the name of a town, which is the seat of a municipality, situated in north-eastern part of the province of Serbia called Kosovo. ...

Ottoman rule

The Ottomans brought Islamisation with them, particularly in towns, and later also created the Vilayet of Kosovo as one of the Ottoman territorial entities. This brought a great shift, as the Orthodox Serb population began to lose its majority when masses of Turks and Albanians moved to Kosovo. During the Islamisation, many Churches and Holy Orthodox Christian places were razed to the ground or turned in to Mosques. The big Monastery of Saint Archangel near Prizren was torn down at the end of the 16th century and the material used to build the Mosque of Sinan-pasha, an Islamized Serb, in Prizren. Although the Serbian Orthodox Church was officially abolished in 1532, an Islamized Serb from Bosnia, Vizier Mehmed-pasha Sokolović influenced the restoration of the Patriarchate of Peć in 1557. Special privileges were provided, which helped the survival of Serbs and other Christians in Kosovo. Vilayet of Kosovo, 1875-1878 Vilayet of Kosovo, 1881-1912 The Province of Kosovo (Turkish: Kosova) was a vilayet of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkan Peninsula only roughly corresponding to the current region of Kosovo. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Ø¯ÙˆÙ„Øª Ø§Ø¨Ø¯ Ù…Ø¯Øª Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (The Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital SÃ¶ÄŸÃ¼t (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah... Islamicization is a neologism coined to describe the process of a societys conversion to the religion of Islam, or the increase in observance by an already Muslim society. ... Vilayet of Kosovo, 1875-1878 Vilayet of Kosovo, 1881-1912 The Province of Kosovo (Turkish: Kosova) was a vilayet of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkan Peninsula only roughly corresponding to the current region of Kosovo. ... Flag of the Serbian Orthodox Church The Serbian Orthodox Church (SOC) (Serbian: Ð¡Ñ€Ð¿ÑÐºÐ° ÐŸÑ€Ð°Ð²Ð¾ÑÐ»Ð°Ð²Ð½Ð° Ð¦Ñ€ÐºÐ²Ð° / Srpska Pravoslavna Crkva; Ð¡ÐŸÐ¦ / SPC) or the Church of Serbia is one of the autocephalous Orthodox Christian churches, ranking sixth after Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem, and Russia. ... Mehmed-paÅ¡a SokoloviÄ‡ (Turkish: Sokollu Mehmet PaÅŸa) (born 1506, SokoloviÄ‡i1 â€“ died 1579, Istanbul) was an important 16th century Ottoman statesman of Bosnian origins. ... The Patriarchate of PeÄ‡ is a Serbian Orthodox monastery located near PeÄ‡, Kosovo, a Serbian province under UN administration. ...

Kosovo was taken by the Austrian forces during the Great War of 1683-1699 with help of 5,000 Albanians and their leader, a Catholic Archibishop Pjetër Bogdani. The archbishop died of plague during the war, and his grave was later reopened, with his body scattered and given to the dogs by the Ottomans because of his role in the rebellion. In 1690, the Serbian Patriarch of Peć Arsenije III Čarnojević, who previously escaped a certain death, led 37,000 families from Kosovo, to evade Ottoman wrath since Kosovo had just been retaken by the Ottomans. The people that followed him were mostly Serbs – 20,000 Serbs abandoned Prizren alone - but they were likely followed by other ethnic groups. Due to the oppression from the Ottomans, other migrations of Orthodox people from the Kosovo area continued throughout the 18th century. It is also noted that some Serbs adopted Islam, while some even gradually fused with other groups, predominantly Albanianians, adopting their culture and even language. By the end of the 19th century, Albanians replaced the Serbs as the dominating nation of Kosovo. The Great Turkish War was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and European powers at the time (joined into a Holy League) during the second half of the 17th century. ... A bishop is an ordained member of the Christian clergy who, in certain Christian churches, holds a position of authority. ... PjetÃ«r Bogdani (ca. ... Events Giovanni Domenico Cassini observes differential rotation within Jupiters atmosphere. ... This is a list of Patriarchs of Serbia, the person known officially as Patriarch of all Serbia, Archbishop of Pec, Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci. ... Arsenije III Arsenije III ÄŒarnojeviÄ‡ (1633, Bajice, Cetinje, Montenegro - 1706, Vienna, Austria) was the Archbishop of PeÄ‡ and Patriarch of Serbs from 1671 to 1691. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Ø¯ÙˆÙ„Øª Ø§Ø¨Ø¯ Ù…Ø¯Øª Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (The Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital SÃ¶ÄŸÃ¼t (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah... Serbs (Serbian: Ð¡Ñ€Ð±Ð¸, Srbi) are a South Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia. ... View of Prizren Prizren (Albanian Prizren/Prizreni, Serbian: ÐŸÑ€Ð¸Ð·Ñ€ÐµÐ½ / Prizren) is a historical city located in Kosovo a Serbian Province under UN administration at 42. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Serbs (Serbian: Ð¡Ñ€Ð±Ð¸, Srbi) are a South Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia. ... Islam (Arabic: ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the Quran, its principal scripture, whose followers, known as Muslims (Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…), believe God (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ù„Ù‡ ) sent through revelations to Muhammad. ...

In 1766, the Ottomans abolished the Patriarchate of Peć and the position of Christians in Kosovo was greatly reduced. All previous privileges were lost, and the Christian population had to suffer the full weight of the Empire's extensive and losing wars, even having blame forced upon them for the losses. The Patriarchate of PeÄ‡ is a Serbian Orthodox monastery located near PeÄ‡, Kosovo, a Serbian province under UN administration. ... This article is about the religous people known as Christians. ...

Modern

In 1871, a massive Serbian meeting was held in Prizren. The possible retaking and reintegration of Kosovo and the rest of "Old Serbia" was discussed at the meeting, as the Principality of Serbia itself had already made plans for expansions towards Ottoman territory, much easier than elsewhere. First Serbian state was founded in 800s by House of VlastimiroviÄ‡ under the name of RaÅ¡ka; it has evolved into Serbian Kingdom and Empire under House of NemanjiÄ‡. In modern era it was an autonomous principality (1817â€“1878), independent principality and kingdom (1878â€“1918), part of the Kingdom of...

Albanian refugees from the territories conquered in the 1876-1877 Serbo-Turkish war and the 1877-1878 Russo-Turkish are now known as 'muhaxher' (which means 'refugee', from Arabic muhajir) and are the ancestors of many who are still known by their same surnames, Muhaxheri. It is also estimated that 200,000 to 400,000 Serbs were cleansed out of the Vilayet of Kosovo between 1876 and 1912, especially during the Greek-Ottman War in 1897. 1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... 1877 (MDCCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1877 (MDCCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Muhajir (or mohajir), in Albanian-populated regions including Albania and Kosovo, refers to Albanians from Chameria (Greece) and parts of Vilayet of Kosova (Sanjak of Nis, Sanjak of Yenibazar etc. ... Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ... Muhajir or Mohajir is a Arabic word meaning refugee or immigrant or emigrant. ... Vilayet of Kosovo, 1875-1878 Vilayet of Kosovo, 1881-1912 The Vilayet of Kossovo was how the present region of Kosovo was known to English speakers before becoming a part of the independent Serbia just a few years before the beginning of World War I. The word Vilayet in Turkish... 1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The Greco-Turkish War of 1897, also called the Thirty Days War, was a war between Greece and the Ottoman Empire. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1878, a Peace Accord was drawn that gave the cities of Prishtina and Kosovska Mitrovica under civil Serbian control, outside the Ottoman authorities, while the rest of Kosovo would be under Ottoman control. As a responce, the Albanians formed the nationalistic & conservative League of Prizren in Prizren later the same year. Over 300 Albanian leaders from Kosovo and western Macedonia gathered and discussed the urgent issues concerning protection of Albanian populated regions from division among neighbouring countries. The League was supported by the Ottoman Sultan because of its Pan-Islamic ideology and political aspirations of a unified Albanian people under the Ottoman umbrella. The movement gradually became anti-Christian and spread great anxiety among Christian Albanians and especially among Christian Serbs. As a result, more and more Serbs left Kosovo northwards. Serbia complained to the World Powers that the promised territories were not being held because the Ottomans were hesitating to do that. The World Powers put pressure to the Ottomans and in 1881, the Ottoman Army started the fighting the Albanian forces. The Prizren League created a Provisional Government with a President, Prime Minister (Ymer Prizreni) and Ministries of War (Sylejman Vokshi) and Foreign Ministry (Abdyl Frashëri). After three years of war, the Albanians were defeated. Many of the leaders were executed and imprisoned. The subsequent Treaty of San Stefano in 1898 restored most Albanian lands to Ottoman control, but the Serbian forces had to retreat from Kosovo along with some Serbs that were expelled as well^{[citation needed]}. Priština (Приштина) (Serbian) or Prishtinë/Prishtina (Albanian indefinite/definite form) is the capital city of the province called Kosovo and Metohia, located in the south of Serbia at 42°65 N, 21°17 E. The population is 204,500 as of... Mitrovica or MitrovicÃ« (Albanian) or Kosovska Mitrovica/ÐšÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐºÐ° ÐœÐ¸Ñ‚Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ†Ð° (Serbian) is a city located in the north of Kosovo at 42. ... The League of Prizren (Albanian: Lidhja e Prizrenit) was created on June 10, 1878 in a mosque in Prizren, Kosovo by 300 Albanian nationalist leaders, mostly from Kosovo, Western former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and Muslim leaders from Bosnia-Hercegovina and the Sandzak, in order to achieve an autonomous Albanian... View of Prizren Prizren (Albanian Prizren/Prizreni, Serbian: ÐŸÑ€Ð¸Ð·Ñ€ÐµÐ½ / Prizren) is a historical city located in Kosovo a Serbian Province under UN administration at 42. ... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ...

In 1908, the Sultan brought a new democratic decrete that was valid only for Turkish-speakers. As the vast majority of Kosovo spoke Albanian or Serbian, the Kosovar population was very unhappy. The Young Turk movement supported a centralist rule and opposed any sort of autonomy desired by Kosovars, and particularely the Albanians. In 1910, an Albanian uprising spread from Prishtina and lasted until the Ottoman Sultan's visit to Kosovo in June of 1911. The Aim of the League of Prizren was to unite the four Albanian Vilayets by merging the majority of Albanian inhabitants within the Ottoman Empire into one Albanian State. However, at that time Serbs have consisted about 40% of the whole Vilayt of Kosovo's overall population and were opposing the Albanian nationalism along with Turks and other Slavs in Kosovo, which disabled the Albanian movements to occupy Kosovo. Priština (Приштина) (Serbian) or Prishtinë/Prishtina (Albanian indefinite/definite form) is the capital city of the province called Kosovo and Metohia, located in the south of Serbia at 42°65 N, 21°17 E. The population is 204,500 as of...

In 1912 during the Balkan Wars, most of Kosovo was taken by the Kingdom of Serbia, while the region of Metohija (Albanian: Dukagjini Valley) was taken by the Kingdom of Montenegro. An exodus of the local Albanian population occurred. This is best described by Leon Trotsky, who was the reporter for the 'Pravda' newspaper at the time. The Serbian authorities planned a recolonization of Kosovo.^[5] Numerous colonist Serb families moved-in to Kosovo, equalizing the demographic balance between Albanians and Serbs. Many Albanians fled into the mountains and numerous Albanian and Turkish houses were razed. The reconquest of Kosovo was noted as a vengeance for the 1389 Battle of Kossovo. At the Conference of Ambassadors in London in 1912 presided over by Sir Edward Grey, the British Foreign Secretary, the Kingdoms of Serbia and Montenegro were acknowledged sovereignty over Kosovo. KaraÄ‘orÄ‘e PetroviÄ‡, leader of Serbian uprising in 1804 Serbia gained its autonomy from the Ottoman Empire in two revolutions in 1804 and 1815, though Turkish troops continued to garrison the capital, Belgrade until 1867. ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The outcome as of April 1913 Boundaries on the Balkans after the First and the Second Balkan War (1912-1913) Distribution of races in the Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor in 1923, Historical Atlas by William R. Shepherd, New York (The map does not reflect the results of the 1923... First Serbian state was founded in 800s by House of VlastimiroviÄ‡ under the name of RaÅ¡ka; it has evolved into Serbian Kingdom and Empire under House of NemanjiÄ‡. In modern era it was an autonomous principality (1817â€“1878), independent principality and kingdom (1878â€“1918), part of the Kingdom of... Metohija (Serbian: ÐœÐµÑ‚Ð¾Ñ…Ð¸Ñ˜Ð°) also spelled Metohia, is a large western basin in Kosovo. ... The history of Montenegro begins in the early Middle Ages, after the arrival of the Slavs into that part of the former Roman province of Dalmatia that forms present-day Montenegro. ... (Russian: Ð›ÐµÐ² Ð”Ð°Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð¢Ñ€Ð¾Ñ†ÐºÐ¸Ð¹) (Latinized: Lev DavidoviÄ Trokij; also transliterated Leo, Lev, Trotskii, Trotski, Trotskij, Trockij and Trotzky) (November 7, 1879 [O.S. October 26] â€“ August 21, 1940), born Lev Davidovich Bronstein (Ð›ÐµÐ² Ð”Ð°Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð‘Ñ€Ð¾Ð½ÑˆÑ‚ÐµÐ¹Ð½), was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist theorist. ... Battle on Kosovo, by Adam StefanoviÄ‡, oil, 1870 The Battle of Kosovo Polje was fought on St. ...

In the winter of 1915-1916 during World War I Kosovo saw a large exodus of Serbian army which became known as the Great Serbian Retreat. Defeated and worn out in battles against Austro-Hungarians, they had no other choice than to retreat, as Kosovo was occupied by Bulgarians and Austro-Hungarians. The Albanians joined and supported the Central Powers. As opposed to Serbian schools, numerous Albanian schools were opened during the 'occupation' (the majority Albanian population considered it a liberation). Allied ships were awaiting for Serbian people and soldiers at the banks of the Adriatic sea and the path leading them there went across Kosovo and Albania. Tens of thousands of soldiers have died of starvation, extreme weather and Albanian reprisals as they were approaching the Allies in Corfu and Thessaloniki, amassing a total of 100,000 dead retreaters.^{[citation needed]} Transported away from the front lines, Serbian army managed to heal many wounded and ill soldiers and get some rest. Refreshed and regrouped, it decided to return to the battlefield. In 1918 the Serbian Army pushed the Central Powers out of Kosovo. During their re-occupation of Kosovo, the Serbian Army committed atrocities against the population in revenge. Serbian Kosovo was unified with Montengrin as Montenegro subsequently joined the Kingdom of Serbia. After the World War I ended, the Monarchy was then transformed into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians ("Mbretëria Serbe,Kroate,Sllovene" in Albanian, " "Kraljevina Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca" in Serbo-Croatian) on 1st December 1918, gathering territories gained in victory. 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Combatants Allied Powers: France Italy Russia Serbia United Kingdom United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman Empire Commanders Ferdinand Foch Georges Clemenceau Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Wilhelm II Paul von Hindenburg Reinhard... Official languages In Cisleithenia, German and minority tongues. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Triple Alliance. ... Look up ally in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Pontikonisi island in the background with the Vlaheraina Monastery in the foreground. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Triple Alliance. ... The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a Balkan state which existed from December 1, 1918 to mid-April 1941. ...

Kingdom of Yugoslavia and WWII

The 1918-1929 period of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians witnessed a raise of the Serbian population in the region and a decline in the non-Serbian. In the Kingdom Kosovo was split onto four counties - three being a part of the entity of Serbia: Zvečan, Kosovo and southern Metohija; and one of Montenegro: northern Metohija. However, the new administration system since 26 April 1922 split Kosovo among three Areas of the Kingdom: Kosovo, Rascia and Zeta. In 1921 the Albanian elite lodged an official protest of the government to the League of Nations, claiming that 12,000 Albanians had been killed and over 22,000 imprisoned since 1918 and seeking a unification of Albanian-populated lands. The League of Nations did not respond, as the appeal was found unfounded. As a result, an armed Kachak resistance movement was formed whose main goal was to unite Albanian-populated areas of the Kingdom to Albania. April 26 is the 116th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (117th in leap years). ... 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Raška (Raschka, Rascia, Rassa) was the central and most successful medieval Serbian state (or župa, area ruled by a župan) that unified neighboring Serbian tribes into the main medieval Serbian state in Balkans. ... Zeta or ZETA can refer to: Zeta (letter), of the Greek alphabet Science: Zeta functions, in mathematics Riemann zeta function Tropical Storm Zeta (2005), formed in December 2005 and lasted through January 2006 Z-pinch, in fusion power Geography: Zeta (Mexico), a magazine from Tijuana, Mexico Zeta (state), a medieval... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ...

In 1929 the Kingdom was transformed into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia which the Yugoslav nationality unifying all Kosovan Slavs. The territories of Kosovo were split among the Banate of Zeta, the Banate of Morava and the Banate of Vardar. The Kingdom lasted until the World War II Axis invastion of 1941. Motto: One nation, one king, one country Anthem: BoÅ¾e Pravde, Lijepa naÅ¡a domovino and Naprej zastava slave medley Capital Belgrade Largest city Belgrade Serbo-Croat and Slovenian Government Constitutional monarchy (1918-1929) Royal dictatorship (1929-1941) - King Peter I (1918-1921) - King Alexander I (1921-1934) - King Peter... Yugoslav was an ethnic designation used by some people in former Yugoslavia, which continues to be used in some of its successor countries. ... The Slavic peoples are the most numerous ethnic and linguistic body of peoples in Europe. ... Map showing Yugoslav banovinas in 1929 (The Zeta Banovina is coloured pink, in the central part of the map) The Zeta Banovina or Zeta Banate (Serbian Bosnian, and Croatian: Ð—ÐµÑ‚ÑÐºÐ° Ð±Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð° Zetska banovina) was a province (banovina) of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1941. ... Map showing Yugoslav banovinas in 1929 (The Zeta Banovina is coloured yellow, on the right part of the map) The Morava Banovina or Morava Banate (Serbian: ÐœÐ¾Ñ€Ð°Ð²ÑÐºÐ° Ð±Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð° Moravska banovina) was a province (banovina) of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1941. ... Map of the Vardar Banovina Map showing Yugoslav banovinas in 1929 (The Vardar Banovina is coloured green, on the lower right part of the map) The Vardar Banovina or Vardar Banate or in Serbian: Ð’Ð°Ñ€Ð´Ð°Ñ€ÑÐºÐ° Ð±Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð°/Vardarska banovina) was a province (banovina) of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1941. ... Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

The greatest part of Kosovo became a part of Italian-controlled Fascist Albania, and smaller bits by the Nazi-Fascist Tsardom of Bulgaria and Nazi German-occupied Kingdom of Serbia. Since the Albanian Fascist political leadership had decided in the Conference of Bujan that Kosovo would remain a part of Albania they started an ethnic cleansing campaign of the non-Albanian population in the Kosovo.^{[citation needed]} The infamous SS Division Skanderbeg committed crimes. ^{[citation needed]}. Tens of thousands of Serbs lost their lives and around 75,000 Serbs fled Kosovo during the war.^{[citation needed]} Hundreds of thousands more would leave in the following decades, following the shift of power in Kosovo. ^{[citation needed]} The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Fascism (in Italian, fascismo), capitalized, was the authoritarian political movement which ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943 under the leadership of Benito Mussolini. ... Adolf Hitler with Tsar Boris III The military history of Bulgaria during World War II embraces a primary period of neutrality until 1 March 1941, a period of alliance with the Axis Powers until 9 September 1944 and a period of alignment with the Allies until the end of the... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Bold text The 21st SS Division Skanderberg was a Waffen SS division set up by Heinrich Himmler in March 1944, officially under the title of the 21st Waffen-Gebirgs Division der SS Skanderbeg (albanische Nr. ...

Prior to the surrender of Fascist Italy in 1943, the German forces took over direct control of the region. After numerous uprisings of Serbian Chetniks and Yugoslav Partisans, the latter being lead by Fadil Hoxha, Kosovo was liberated after 1944 with the help of the Albanian partisans of the Comintern, and became a province of Serbia within the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia. United in 1861, Italy has significantly contributed to the cultural and social development of the entire Mediterranean area, deeply influencing European culture as well. ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... Serbs (Serbian: Ð¡Ñ€Ð±Ð¸, Srbi) are a South Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... It has been suggested that Democratic Federal Yugoslavia be merged into this article or section. ... Partisan may refer to: A member of a lightly-equipped irregular military force formed to oppose control of an area by a foreign power or by an army of occupation. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... The Comintern (Russian: ÐšÐ¾Ð¼Ð¼ÑƒÐ½Ð¸ÑÑ‚Ð¸Ñ‡ÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð˜Ð½Ñ‚ÐµÑ€Ð½Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð°Ð», Kommunisticheskiy Internatsional â€“ Communist International, also known as the Third International) was an international Communist organization founded in March 1919, in the midst of the war communism period (1918-1921), by Vladimir Lenin and the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik), which intended to fight by all available means, including... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija in South Slavic languages, ÐˆÑƒÐ³Ð¾ÑÐ»Ð°Ð²Ð¸Ñ˜Ð° (Serbian, Macedonian Cyrillic): Land of the South Slavs) describes three separate political entities that existed on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe during most of the 20th century. ...

Kosovo in the Second Yugoslavia

The Province of Kosovo was formed in 1945 as an autonomous region to protect its regional Albanian majority within the People's Republic of Serbia as a member of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia under the leadership of the former Partisan leader, Josip Broz Tito, but with no factual autonomy. After Yugoslavia's name change to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Serbia's to the Socialist Republic of Serbia in 1953, Kosovo gained inner autonomy in the 1960s. In the 1974 constitution, the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo's government received higher powers, including the highest governmental titles — President and Premier and a seat in the Federal Presidency which made it a de facto Socialist Republic within the Federation, but remaining as a Socialist Autonomous Province within the Socialist Republic of Serbia. Serbo-Croatian and Albanian were defined as official languages on the provincial level marking the two largest linguistic Kosovan groups: Albanians and Serbs. In the 1970s, an Albanian nationalist movement pursued full recognition of the Province of Kosovo as another Republic within the Federation, while the most extreme elements aimed for full-scale independence. Tito's arbitrary regime dealt with the situation swiftly, but only giving it a temporary solution. The ethnic balance of Kosovo witnessed unproportional increase as the number of Albanians tripled gradually rising from almost 65% to over 80%, but the number of Serbs barely increased and dropped in the full share of the total population from some 25% down to 10%. First Serbian state was founded in 800s by House of VlastimiroviÄ‡ under the name of RaÅ¡ka; it has evolved into Serbian Kingdom and Empire under House of NemanjiÄ‡. In modern era it was an autonomous principality (1817â€“1878), independent principality and kingdom (1878â€“1918), part of the Kingdom of... The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was a Balkan state that existed from 1945 to 1992. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... It has been suggested that Democratic Federal Yugoslavia be merged into this article or section. ... First Serbian state was founded in 800s by House of VlastimiroviÄ‡ under the name of RaÅ¡ka; it has evolved into Serbian Kingdom and Empire under House of NemanjiÄ‡. In modern era it was an autonomous principality (1817â€“1878), independent principality and kingdom (1878â€“1918), part of the Kingdom of... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Serbo-Croatian (srpskohrvatski or hrvatskosrpski) is a name for a language of the Western group of the South Slavic languages. ... Serbs (Serbian: Ð¡Ñ€Ð±Ð¸, Srbi) are a South Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia. ...

Beginning in March 1981, Kosovar Albanian students organized protests seeking that Kosovo become a republic within Yugoslavia. Those protests rapidly escalated into violent riots "involving 20,000 people in six cities"^[6] that were harshly contained by the Yugoslav government. During the 1980s, ethnic tensions continued with frequent violent outbreaks against Serbs and Yugoslav state authorities resulting in increased emigration of Kosovo Serbs and other ethnic groups.^[7]^[8] The Yugoslav leadership tried to suppress protests of Kosovo Serbs seeking protection from ethnic discrimination and violence.^[9] 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In 1986, the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SANU) was working on a document which later would be known as the SANU Memorandum, a warning to the Serbian President and Assembly of the existing crisis and where it would lead. An unfinished edition was filtered to the press. In the essay, SANU criticised the state of Yugoslavia and made remarks that the only member state contributing at the time to the development of Kosovo and Macedonia (by then, the poorest territories of the Federation) was Serbia. According to SANU, Yugoslavia was suffering of ethnic strives and the disintegration of the Yugoslav economy into separate economic sectors and territories, which was transforming the federal state into a loose confederation.^[10] On the other hand, some think that Slobodan Milošević used the discontent reflected in the SANU memorandum for his own political goals, during his rise to power in Serbia at the time.^[11] 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Slobodan MiloÅ¡eviÄ‡ Slobodan MiloÅ¡eviÄ‡ (IPA Serbian Cyrillic: Ð¡Ð»Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ð½ ÐœÐ¸Ð»Ð¾ÑˆÐµÐ²Ð¸Ñ›) (20 August 1941 â€“ 11 March 2006) was President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

By the end of the 1980s, calls for increased federal control in the crisis-torn autonomous province were getting louder. Slobodan Milošević pushed for constitutional change amounting to suspension of autonomy for both Kosovo and Vojvodina.^[12] Slobodan MiloÅ¡eviÄ‡ Slobodan MiloÅ¡eviÄ‡ (IPA Serbian Cyrillic: Ð¡Ð»Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ð½ ÐœÐ¸Ð»Ð¾ÑˆÐµÐ²Ð¸Ñ›) (20 August 1941 â€“ 11 March 2006) was President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia. ... Republic of Serbia â€“Vojvodina â€“Kosovo (UN admin. ...

Kosovo War

In 1987, Milošević was sent to Kosovo by the Serbian President Ivan Stambolic to "pacify restive Serbs in Kosovo" who wanted to curb the autonomy enjoyed by the province. "Milošević broke away from a meeting with ethnic Albanians to mingle with angry Serbians in a suburb of Pristina. The Serbs protested they were being pushed back by police with batons, and Milošević told them, "Niko ne sme da vas bije" ("No one is allowed to beat you"). "Slobo! Slobo!" the crowd chanted.”^[13] The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts (a civil war followed by an international war) in the southern Serbian province called Kosovo (officially Kosovo and Metohia), part of the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. ...

One of the events that contributed to Milošević's rise of power was the Gazimestan Speech, delivered in front of 1,000,000 Serb citizens at the central celebration marking the 600th anniversary of the Battle of Kosovo, held at Gazimestan on 28 June, 1989.^[14] In the same speech, Milošević also criticised the "dramatical national divisions" and called Yugoslavia "a multinational community [which] can survive only under the conditions of full equality for all nations that live in it." Milosevic also said in the speech, "Six centuries later, now, we are being again engaged in battles and are facing battles. They are not armed battles, although such things cannot be excluded yet." However, many analysts - ranging from biographer Lebor to critics of American foreign policy such as Jared Israel - believe that the speech has been exaggerated beyond all proportion. Much of the speech was aimed at consolidating socialism and racial harmony in an era when Communism was collapsing^[15]. // This page is about the Battle of Kosovo of 1389; for other battles, see Battle of Kosovo (disambiguation). ... This article or section may be confusing or unclear for some readers, and should be edited to rectify this. ...

Soon afterwards, as approved by the Assembly in 1990, the autonomy of Kosovo was reduced. After Slovenia's secession from Yugoslavia in 1991, Milošević used the seat to attain dominance over the Federal government, outvoting his opponents.

Many Albanians organized a peaceful separatist movement. State institutions and elections were boycotted and separate Albanian schools and political institutions were established. On July 2, 1990 an unconstitutional Kosovo parliament declared Kosovo an independent country, this was not recognized by the Government or any foreign states. In September of that year, the unofficial parliament, meeting in secrecy in the town of Kaçanik, adopted the Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo. Two years later, in 1992, the parliament organized an unofficial referendum which was observed by international organisations ^{[citation needed]} but was not recognized internationally. With an 80% turnout, 98% voted for Kosovo to be independent. July 2 is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 182 days remaining. ... This article is about the year. ... KaÃ§anik, Kosovo 2000 The town KaÃ§aniku in Kosovo was founded by Koxha Sinan Pasha, who erected the town mosque which exists even today, a public kitchen for the poor known as Imaret, a school near the mosque, two Hane (Inns), one Turkish bath known as Hamam, the town...

With the events in Bosnia and Croatia coming to an end, the Serb government started relocating Serbian refugees from Croatia and Bosnia all over Serbia, including in Kosovo. Motto: none Anthem(s): Intermeco Capital Sarajevo Largest city Sarajevo Official language(s) Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian Government Republic - Presidency members Haris SilajdÅ¾iÄ‡1 (Bosniak) NebojÅ¡a RadmanoviÄ‡ (Serb) Å½eljko KomÅ¡iÄ‡ (Croat) - Chairman of the Council of Ministers Adnan TerziÄ‡ Independence From Yugoslavia - Recognized 6 April 1992 Area - Total...

After the Dayton Agreement in 1995, some Albanians organized into the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), employing guerilla-style tactics against the Serbian police forces. Violence escalated in a series of KLA attacks and Serbian reprisals into the year 1999, with increasing numbers of civilian victims. In 1998 western interest increased and the Serbian authorities was forced to sign a unilateral cease-fire and partial retreat. Under an agreement led by Richard Holbrooke, OSCE observers moved into Kosovo to monitor the ceasefire, while Yugoslav military forces partly pulled out of Kosovo. However, the ceasefire was systematically broken shortly thereafter by KLA forces, which again provoked harsh counterattacks by the Serbs. On 16 January 1999, the bodies of 45 Albanian civilians were found in the town of Racak. The victims had been executed by Serb forces.^[16]^[17] The Racak Massacre was instrumental in increasing the pressure on Serbia in the following conference at Rambouillet. After more than a month of negotations Yugoslavia refused to sign the prepared agreement, primarily, it has been argued, because of a clause giving NATO forces access rights to not only Kosovo but to all of Yugoslavia (which the Yugoslav side saw as tantamount to military occupation). Image File history File links Kosovo_pisg_ca. ... Image File history File links Kosovo_pisg_ca. ... The Coat of Arms of the Provisional Institutions of Self-Government Provisional Institutions of Self-Government (PISG) are institutions runing Kosovo in cooperation with the United Nations Interim Administrative Mission in Kosovo UNMIK. Resolution 1244 of the United Nations Security Council authorized the Secretary-General to establish an international civil... General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, i. ... Ushtria Ã‡lirimtare e KosovÃ«s. ... Richard Charles Albert Holbrooke (born April 24, 1941) has had a varied career as a professional American diplomat, magazine editor, author, Peace Corps director, and investment banker. ... The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is an international organization for security. ... Racak (Recak in Albanian) is a village in central Kosovo, Serbia and Montenegro, located at 42Â° 25â€² 46â€³ N 21Â° 00â€² 59â€³ E. It became notorious in January 1999 after 45 people were killed in the village during the conflict between state security forces and Albanian guerrillas. ... Rambouillet is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. ...

This triggered a 78-day NATO campaign in 1999. At first limited to military targets in Kosovo proper, the bombing campaign was soon extended to cover targets all over Yugoslavia, including bridges, power stations, factories, broadcasting stations, hospitals, post offices, and various government buildings. NATO 2002 Summit in Prague The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation[1] (NATO), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for collective security established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on 4 April 1949. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Old Farts by the Sometimes-United Nations. ...

During the conflict roughly a million ethnic Albanians fled Kosovo, several thousand were killed, the numbers and the ethnic distribution of the casualties are uncertain and highly disputed. An estimated 10,000-12,000 ethnic Albanians and 3,000 Serbs are believed to have been killed during the conflict, including military personnel and civilians, primarily as a result of the ground war in Kosovo between the KLA and the Yugoslav military, Serbian police and Serbian paramilitary forces. Some 3000 people are still missing, of which 2,500 are Albanian, 400 Serbs and 100 Roma.^[18] According to OSCE numbers and Kosovar Albanian sources on population size and distribution, an estimated 45.7% of the Albanian population and 59.5% of the Serb population had fled Kosovo during the bombings and ethnic cleansing (i.e. from 23 March to 9 June 1999). Albanian refugees accused the Serbian forces of ethnic cleansing and only returned after NATO secured the area.

With the arrival of NATO, a large number of refugees, mostly Serbs fled the region. The number of registered refugees is around 250,000.^[19]^[20]^[21] Around 120,000 remain in Kosovo. Many Serbs fear to return to their homes since they perceive not to be safe for them, even with UNMIK protection, notably the unrest in 2004, when 900 Serbian houses were burned and other property destroyed^[22] while the Serbian populace was closed into enclaves and had to concentrate to the north of Kosovo until today, causing a wave of 3,500 Serbian refugees. The United Nations Mission in Kosovo or UNMIK is an interim civilian administration of the Serbian province (as part of Serbia and Montenegro) called Kosovo (officially Kosovo and Metohia), under the authority of the United Nations. ... Violent unrest in Kosovo (a United Nations-administrated province of Serbia officially called Kosovo and Metohija) broke out on March 17, 2004. ...

Among the numerous UNESCO World Heritage sites destroyed by the Albanian para-military forces ^{[citation needed]} is King Stefan Milutin's grave, Our Lady of Ljeviš Orthodox Cathedral from the 12th century in Prizren. In total, more than 30 Orthodox Serb Churches and Monasteries were destroyed during the March unrest in Kosovo. Many of the Churches and Monasteries were dating back to the 12th, 13th and 14th century. At the end of the two-day riots, 19 people were dead, 11 Albanians and 8 Serbs.^[23] UNESCO logo UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ... Stephen Uros II Milutin of Serbia was king of Serbia from 1282 to 1321. ... Our Lady of LjeviÅ¡ (Serbian Cyrillic: Ð‘Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ†Ð° Ð‰ÐµÐ²Ð¸ÑˆÐºÐ°; Albanian Zoja jon e Levishit) is a 12th century Serbian Orthodox Church cathedral in the town of Prizren, Kosovo. ... View of Prizren Prizren (Albanian Prizren/Prizreni, Serbian: ÐŸÑ€Ð¸Ð·Ñ€ÐµÐ½ / Prizren) is a historical city located in Kosovo a Serbian Province under UN administration at 42. ...

During the period in between the deployment of KFOR international forces in June 1999 and February 2000, 78 Serbian Orthodox Churches and Monasteries were destroyed and desecrated.^[24] Examples include The Church of the Holy Building in Musutiste (built in 1315), Devic Monastery near Srbica (built in 1434), St Uros Cathefral in Urosevac and St Nicholas Church in Ljubizda, near Prizren (16th Century).

According to a report compiled by the Kosovo Cultural Heritage Project, Serbian forces also engaged in a "deliberate campaign of cultural destruction and rampage during the Kosovo War". Of the 500 mosques that were in use prior to the war, 200 of them were completely destroyed or desecrated. The report concludes that most mosques were deliberately set on fire with no sign of fighting around the area. Examples include: Sinan Pasha Mosque in Prizren, the Prizren League Museum, the Hadum Mosque complex in Gjakova (Serbian: Djakovica); the historic bazaars in Gjakova and Pec (Albanian: Peja); the Roman Catholic church of St. Anthony in Gjakova/Đakovica; and two old Ottoman bridges, Ura e Terzive (Terzijski most) and Ura e Tabakeve (Tabački most), near Gjakova/Đakovica.^[25]

Kosovo Politics and Governance

UN Security Council Resolution 1244 placed Kosovo under transitional UN administration pending a determination of Kosovo's future status. This Resolution entrusted UNMIK with sweeping powers to govern Kosovo, but also directed UNMIK to establish interim institutions of self-governance. Resolution 1244 permits Serbia no role in governing Kosovo and since 1999 Serbian laws and institutions have not been valid in Kosovo. NATO has a separate mandate to provide for a safe and secure environment. For other uses of the name Kosovo, see Kosovo (disambiguation). ... The constitutional status of Kosovo has been the subject of repeated political disputes since the region was incorporated into Serbia in 1912. ... The United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo or UNMIK is an interim civilian administration of the Serbian province (as part of Serbia and Montenegro) called Kosovo (officially Kosovo and Metohia), under the authority of the United Nations. ... Pocket badge of the KFOR Ukrainian soldier on foot patrolling in Serbian village near Brezovica KFOR vehicle of the French Army The Kosovo Force (KFOR) is a NATO-led international force responsible for establishing and maintaining security in Kosovo. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with UN General Assembly Resolution 1244. ... The Kosovo Police Service (KPS) was created in 1999, in the aftermath of the NATO bombing campaign and subsequent withdrawal of the FRY and Serbian forces from Kosovo. ... Kosovo Protection Corps (KPC or TMK in Albanian) Logo The Kosovo Protection Corps officially came into being on September 21 1999 with the promulgation of an UNMIK Regulation and the Statement of Principles providing provisional legal status for the Corps within Kosovo. ... The Coat of Arms of the Provisional Institutions of Self-Government Provisional Institutions of Self-Government (PISG) are institutions running Kosovo in cooperation with the United Nations Interim Administrative Mission in Kosovo UNMIK. Resolution 1244 of the United Nations Security Council authorized the Secretary-General to establish an international civil... The President of Kosovo is elected by the Assembly of Kosovo. ... Fatmir Sejdiu President of Kosovo Fatmir Sejdiu (born October 23, 1951) is the president of Kosova. ... Prime Minister of Kosovo is the head of the Government of Kosovo. ... Former NATO General Wesley Clark (left) and Agim Ã‡eku (right) inspecting a KLA honor guard in Prishtina/PriÅ¡tina, 1999. ... Assembly of Kosovo (Serbian Скупштина Косова; Albanian Kuvendi i Kosovës) is the highest provisional self-government and representative and law making institution of Kosovo. ... Kryetari i Kuvendit të Kosovës or Kryeparlamentari chairs the sessions of the Assembly of Kosovo. ... Political parties in Kosovo lists political parties in Kosovo. ... Politics of Kosovo Categories: Election related stubs | Elections in Kosovo ... Territory of Kosovo is divided into districts, while districts are further divided into municipalities. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ...

In May 2001, UNMIK promulgated the Constitutional Framework, which established Kosovo's Provisional Institutions of Self-Government (PISG). Since 2001, UNMIK has been gradually transferring increased governing competencies to the PISG, while reserving some powers that are normally carried out by sovereign states (e.g., foreign affairs). Kosovo has also established municipal government and an internationally-supervised Kosovo Police Service.

According to the Constitutional Framework, Kosovo shall have a 120-member Kosovo Assembly. The Assembly includes twenty reserved seats: ten for Kosovo Serbs and ten for non-Serb minorities (e.g., Bosniak, Roma, etc.). The Kosovo Assembly is responsible for electing a President and Prime Minister of Kosovo.

The largest political party in Kosovo, the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK), has its origins in the 1990s non-violent resistance movement to Milosevic's rule. The party was led by Ibrahim Rugova until his death in 2006. The two next largest parties have their roots in the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA): the Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK) led by former KLA leader Hashim Thaci and the Alliance for the Future of Kosovo (AAK) led by former KLA commander Ramush Haradinaj. Kosovo publisher Veton Surroi formed his own political party in 2004 named "Ora." Kosovo Serbs formed the Serb List for Kosovo and Metohija (SLKM) in 2004, but have boycotted Kosovo's institutions and never taken their seats in the Kosovo Assembly.

In November 2001, the OSCE supervised the first elections for the Kosovo Assembly. After that election, Kosovo's political parties formed an all-party unity coalition and elected Ibrahim Rugova as President and Bajram Rexhepi (PDK) as Prime Minister. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is an international organization for security. ... Ibrahim Rugova (December 2, 1944 â€“ January 21, 2006) was the first President of Kosovo and of its leading political party, the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK). ...

After Kosovo-wide elections in October 2004, the LDK and AAK formed a new governing coalition that did not include PDK and Ora. This coalition agreement resulted in Ramush Haradinaj (AAK) becoming Prime Minister, while Ibrahim Rugova retained the position of President. PDK and Ora were critical of the coalition agreement and have since frequently accused the current government of corruption.

Ramush Haradinaj resigned the post of Prime Minister after he was indicted for war crimes by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in March 2005. He was replaced by Bajram Kosumi (AAK). But in a political shake-up after the death of President Rugova in January 2006, Kosumi himself was replaced by former Kosovo Protection Corps commander [Agim Ceku]. Ceku has won recognition for his outreach to minorities, but Serbia has been critical of his wartime past as military leader of the KLA and claims he is still not doing enough for Kosovo Serbs. The Kosovo Assembly elected Fatmir Sejdiu, a former LDK parliamentarian, president after Rugova's death. Slaviša Petkovic, Minister for Communities and Returns, is governments only Serbian minister and unlike other Serbians have chosen to not boycott the Kosovo institutions.

Kosovo Future Status Process

A UN-led process was begun in late 2005 to determine Kosovo's future status. This process will determine whether Kosovo should be independent or remain a part of the state of Serbia. United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 did not address Kosovo's status, but did envision an eventual political process to resolve this question. In October 2005, a UN-commissioned report written by Norwegian diplomat Kai Eide assessed that Kosovo's undefined status was a factor for regional instability and should be settled soon. As a result of this report, the UN Security Council issued a Presidential Statement in November 2005 to endorse Eide's conclusions and authorize the launch of a status process. Image File history File links Current_event_marker. ... The constitutional status of Kosovo has been the subject of repeated political disputes since the region was incorporated into Serbia in 1912. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with UN General Assembly Resolution 1244. ... A session of the Security Council in progress The United Nations Security Council is the most powerful organ of the United Nations. ...

Belgrade's position on Kosovo status is that Kosovo should be highly autonomous, but not independent. The Belgrade negotiating platform, often characterized by Belgrade leaders as "more than autonomy, less than independence," envisions granting sweeping rights of self-governance for Kosovo, but would deny Kosovo a role in international affairs, defense or representation in Serbia's central governing institutions. Pristina's position is that Kosovo should be independent, subject to robust institutional protections for Kosovo's minorities. Belgrade frequently cites international law provisions about the integrity of sovereign states to justify its claim to Kosovo. Pristina asserts that Kosovo's independence would be the result of the disintegration of the former Yugoslavia and the actions of Milosevic in the 1990s.

In November 2005, the Contact Group countries released a set of "Guiding Principles" for the resolution of Kosovo's status. These principles notably included the requirement that there be no return to the situation prior to 1999 and that there be no change in Kosovo's borders (i.e., no partition of Kosovo) and no union of Kosovo with any neighboring state. At a January 2006 meeting of foreign ministers, the Contact Group further declared that a settlement "needs, inter alia, to be acceptable to the people of Kosovo" and that "all possible efforts should be made to achieve a negotiated settlement in the course of 2006." Contact Group public statements have also emphasized the need to preserve Kosovo's multi-ethnic character. The Contact Group is the name for an informal grouping of influential countries that have a significant interest in policy developments in the Balkans. ...

The Kosovo future status process is led by UN Special Envoy Martti Ahtisaari, former president of Finland; Austrian diplomat Albert Rohan is his deputy. Ahtisaari's office -- the UN Office of the Special Envoy for Kosovo (UNOSEK) is located in Vienna, Austria, and includes liaison staff from NATO, the EU and the United States. Ahtisaari is supported in his efforts by Ambassador Frank G. Wisner, the U.S. Representative to the Kosovo Status Talks. Ahtisaari holds regular meetings with representatives of the Contact Group. Martti Oiva Kalevi Ahtisaari (IPA: ) (born June 23, 1937) is a former President of Finland (1994â€“2000) and a UN diplomat and mediator, noted for his international peace work. ... Inhabitants according to official census figures: 1800 to 2005 Vienna in 1858 UN complex in Vienna, with the non-affiliated Austria Center Vienna in front - picture taken from Danube Tower in nearby Danube Park. ... NATO 2002 Summit in Prague The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation[1] (NATO), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for collective security established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on 4 April 1949. ... The Contact Group is the name for an informal grouping of influential countries that have a significant interest in policy developments in the Balkans. ...

The initial status negotiations focused on technicalities important for Kosovo's long-term stability, particularly the rights and protection of Kosovo's minorities, particularly the Kosovo Serbs. Ahtisaari brought the parties together for the first direct dialogue in February 2006 to discuss decentralization of local government, which is an important measure to protect Kosovo Serb communities. Subsequent meetings addressed economic issues, property rights, protection of Serbian Orthodox Church heritage and institutional guarantees for the rights of Kosovo's minorities.

On July 24, 2006, Ahtisaari brought the parties together in Vienna for the first high-level talks on the status outcome itself. Serbian President Boris Tadić and Prime Minister Vojislav Koštunica and Kosovo President Fatmir Sejdiu and Prime Minister Agim Çeku attended and presented their respective platforms for Kosovo's future status. Ahtisaari later told the press that the meeting resulted in no breakthroughs, but that the parties generally listened respectfully to each other's position. Boris TadiÄ‡ (Ð‘Ð¾Ñ€Ð¸Ñ Ð¢Ð°Ð´Ð¸Ñ›) (born 15 January 1958) is the President of Serbia. ... Dr. Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica (Serbian: Ð’Ð¾Ñ˜Ð¸ÑÐ»Ð°Ð² ÐšÐ¾ÑˆÑ‚ÑƒÐ½Ð¸Ñ†Ð°) (pronounced , born March 24, 1944, Belgrade, Serbia) is the current Prime Minister of Serbia. ... Fatmir Sejdiu President of Kosovo Fatmir Sejdiu (born October 23, 1951) is the president of Kosova. ... Former NATO General Wesley Clark (left) and Agim Ã‡eku (right) inspecting a KLA honor guard in Prishtina/PriÅ¡tina, 1999. ...

Ahtisaari briefed Contact Group foreign ministers on September 20, 2006, in New York City at a meeting chaired by U.S. Secretary of state Condoleezza Rice. At that meeting, the Contact Group released a press statement that reaffirmed its commitment to achieve a negotiated settlement in the course of 2006. The statement also endorsed Ahtisaari's plans to develop a comprehensive proposal for a status settlement, which he will take to the parties. Condoleezza Rice (born November 14, 1954 in Birmingham, Alabama) is the 66th and current United States Secretary of State, and the second in the administration of President George W. Bush to hold the office. ...

Most international observers believe these negotiations will lead to some form of independence ^[26] which Serbian leaders still reject. The Contact Group has said in numerous public statements that regardless of status outcome a new international mission will be established in Kosovo to supervise the implementation status settlement and guarantee minority rights. NATO has also announced its intention to maintain KFOR in Kosovo after the status settlement. The Contact Group is the name for an informal grouping of influential countries that have a significant interest in policy developments in the Balkans. ...

Russian President Vladimir Putin stated in September 2006 that Russia may veto a UN Security Council proposal on Kosovo's final status that applies different standards than those applied to the separatist Georgian regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia.^[27] Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian: ) (born October 7, 1952) is a Russian politician, and the current President of Russia. ... Look up September in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A session of the Security Council in progress The United Nations Security Council is the most powerful organ of the United Nations. ... Official language Ossetian Capital Tskhinvali President Eduard Djabeevich Kokoity Prime Minister Igor Viktorovich Sanakoyev Area â€“ Total â€“ % water 3,900 kmÂ² n/a Population â€“ Total â€“ Density (2004) 70,000 (approx) 18/kmÂ² Independence â€“ Declared â€“ Recognition From Georgia â€“ November 28, 1991 â€“ none Currency Russian ruble, Georgian lari Time zone UTC +3 Detailed... This page needs revision Abkhazia, Apsny, is an independent republic. ...

On the 30th Sept, 2006, the Serbian Parliament unanimously adopted a new constitution which describes Kosovo as an integral part of Serbia^[28]; this Constitution was later adopted after a successful referendum on October 28-29, 2006. The UN Civilian Administrator in Kosovo, Joachim Rücker, has argued that this move will have no effect on the final political status of Kosovo.^[29] Meanwhile, before the referendum, a poll conducted on Aug 26 though Sept 5, 2006 in Serbia suggested that 36 percent expected independence, 29 percent were unsure, 17 percent thought the territory would be split, and 12 percent though it would remain an autonomous region of Serbia. ^[30] The parliament of Serbia is known as the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: ÐÐ°Ñ€Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð° ÑÐºÑƒÐ¿ÑˆÑ‚Ð¸Ð½Ð° Ð ÐµÐ¿ÑƒÐ±Ð»Ð¸ÐºÐµ Ð¡Ñ€Ð±Ð¸Ñ˜Ðµ). The current Speaker of the National Assembly is Predrag MarkoviÄ‡ (G17 Plus). ... A referendum on a proposed draft of the new Serbian constitution was held on October 28 and 29 October 2006 and has resulted in the draft constitution being approved by the Serbian electorate. ... Joachim RÃ¼cker (born 30 May 1951, Germany) is an international civil servant from Germany. ...

Economy

Kosovo has one of the poorest economies in Europe, with a per capita income estimated at 1,565 Euro (2004).^[31] Despite substantial development subsidies from all Yugoslav republics, Kosovo was the poorest province of Yugoslavia.^[32] Additionally, over the course of the 1990s, poor economic policies, international sanctions, weak access to external trade and finance, and ethnic conflict severely damaged the economy.^[33] ISO 4217 Code EUR User(s) European Union; eurozone: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain; outside eurozone: Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, Vatican City, Montenegro, Kosovo, French Guiana, RÃ©union, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte. ...

Kosovo's economy remains weak. After a jump in 2000 and 2001 GDP growth was negative in 2002 and 2003 and is expected to be around 3 percent 2004-2005, with domestic sources of growth unable to compensate for the declining foreign assistance. Inflation is low, while the budget posted a deficit for the first time in 2004. Kosovo has high external deficits. In 2004, the deficit of the balance of goods and services was close to 70 percent of GDP. Remittances from Kosovars living abroad accounts for an estimated 13 percent of GDP, and foreign assistance for around 34 percent of GDP.^[34]

Most economic development since 1999 has taken place in the trade, retail and the construction sectors. The private sector that has emerged since 1999 is mainly small-scale. The industrial sector remains weak and the electric power supply remains unreliable, acting as a key constraint. Unemployment remains pervasive, at around 40-50% of the labor force.^[35]^[36]

UNMIK introduced de-facto an external trade regime and customs administration on September 3, 1999 when it set customs border controls in Kosovo. All goods imported in Kosovo face a flat 10% customs duty fee.^[37] These taxes are collected from all Tax Collection Points installed at the borders of Kosovo, including those between Kosovo and Serbia.^[38] UNMIK and Kosovo institutions have signed Free Trade Agreements with Croatia,^[39] Bosnia and Hercegovina,^[40] Albania^[41] and Macedonia.^[42] Bosnia and Herzegovina (also variously written Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Bosnia-Hercegovina) is a mountainous country in the western Balkans. ...

Macedonia is Kosovo's largest import and export market (averaging €220 million and €9 million respectively), followed by Serbia-Montenegro (€111 million and €5 million), Germany and Turkey.[7]

The Euro is the official currency of Kosovo and used by UNMIK and the government bodies.^[43] The Serbian Dinar is used in the Serbian populated parts. ISO 4217 Code EUR User(s) European Union; eurozone: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain; outside eurozone: Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, Vatican City, Montenegro, Kosovo, French Guiana, RÃ©union, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte. ... A 25,000 Iraqi dinar note printed after the fall of Saddam Hussein A hyperinflation banknote of 50 billion dinara (1993) A 5,000 dinar bill of the Republic of Serbian Krajina (1992) The dinar is the currency unit of various countries, most of them Arabic-speaking or once part...

The economy has been seriously weakened by Kosovo's still-unresolved international status, which has made it difficult to attract investment and loans.^[44] The province's economic weakness has produced a thriving black economy in which smuggled petrol, cigarettes and cement are major commodities. The prevalence of official corruption and the pervasive influence of organised crime gangs has caused serious concern internationally. The United Nations has made the fight against corruption and organised crime a high priority, pledging a "zero tolerance" approach.^[45]

Demographics

According to the Kosovo in Figures 2005 Survey of the Statistical Office of Kosovo,^[46] Kosovo's total population is estimated between 1.9 and 2.2 million in the following ethnic proportions: // Ottoman Rule 14th century The DeÄani Charter from 1330[citation needed] contained detailed list of households and chartered villages in Metohija and northwestern Albania: 3 of 89 settlements were Albanian, the other being non-Albanian. ... Image File history File links Kosovo_ethnic_2005. ... Image File history File links Kosovo_ethnic_2005. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is an international organization for security. ...

However, the figures are highly disputable. Some estimates are that there is an Albanian majority well above 90 percent. The population census is set to take place in the near future. Others give much higher figures for Roma and Turks.^[47]^[48] There was also a small minority of Circassians in Kosovo Polje but they were repatriated to the Republic of Adygea, in Southern Russia. The ethnic Albanian Kosovo Liberation Army is thought to have threatened the Adygs.^[49] The majority of the Albanians in Kosovo are Muslims and most Serbs are Eastern Orthodox, even though Kosovo Albanians do not define their national identity through religion. Most of them are non-practising Muslims. About 5% of the Albanians in Kosovo are Catholics. Atheism is also common among both Albanians and Serbs.^[50] Serbs (Serbian: Ð¡Ñ€Ð±Ð¸, Srbi) are a South Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia. ... The Bosniaks (Bosnian: BoÅ¡njaci, IPA: ) are a South Slav people living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the SandÅ¾ak region of Serbia and Montenegro, with a smaller autochthonous population also present in Kosovo. ... This article is becoming very long. ... Roma in Mitrovica Camps is the description used for about 500-700 Roma people living in three UN-created refugee camps in Mitrovica, Kosovo. ... Gorani or GoranÃ§e or Goranska are a Slavic ethnic group living in Gora region, just south of Prizren in the territory of Kosovo, Serbia and Montenegro, north-western Macedonia in the Å ar-planina region near Tetovo, as well as in north-eastern Albania, most notably in the village os... The term Circassians is a term derived from the Turkic Cherkess (Ã‡erkes), and is not the self-designation of any people. ... Kosovo Polje (ÐšÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾Ñ™Ðµ, Albanian: FushÃ« KosovÃ«) is a municipal located in Kosovo, at 42. ... The Republic of Adygea (Russian: ; Adyghe: ) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic) enclaved within Krasnodar Krai. ... A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... Eastern Orthodoxy (also called Greek Orthodoxy and Russian Orthodoxy) is a Christian tradition which represents the majority of Eastern Christianity. ...

Subdivisions

Main article: Subdivisions of Kosovo, also see: Municipalities of Kosovo. Territory of Kosovo is divided into districts, while districts are further divided into municipalities. ... The municipalities (Albanian: komuna e, Serbian: opÅ¡tine/Ð¾Ð¿ÑˆÑ‚Ð¸Ð½Ðµ) of Kosovo: DeÃ§an / DeÄani Dragash / DragaÅ¡ GjakovÃ« / Äakovica Gllogovc / Glogovac Gjilan / Gnjilane Istog / Istok KaÃ§anik / KaÄanik KamenicÃ« / Kosovska Kamenica KlinÃ« / Klina FushÃ« KosovÃ« / Kosovo Polje LeposaviÄ‡ / Leposaviq Lipjan / Lipljan MalishevÃ« / MaliÅ¡evo MitrovicÃ« / Kosovska Mitrovica Novo Brdo / Novob...

North Kosovo maintains its own government, infrastructure and institutions by its dominant ethnic Serb population in the Mitrovica District, on the Leposavic, Zvecan and Zubin Potok municipalities and the northern part of Kosovska Mitrovica. Kosovo, Prishtina District Prishtina District (PriÅ¡tina District) is a district in Kosovo with municipalities : PrishtinÃ« / PriÅ¡tina Obiliq / ObiliÄ‡ FushÃ« KosovÃ« / Kosovo Polje Lipjan / Lipljan NovobÃ«rdÃ« / Novo Brdo PodujevÃ« / Podujevo Gllogovc / Glogovac Postal Code External links Municipality Of Prishtina Categories: ... Kosovo, Prizreni District Prizreni District (Prizren District) is a district in Kosovo with municipalities : Prizren / Prizren Dragash / DragaÅ¡ SuharekÃ« / Suva Reka MalishevÃ« / MaliÅ¡evo Postal Code External links Municipality Of Prizren Categories: ... Kosovo, Peja District Peja District (PeÄ‡ District) is a district in Kosovo with municipalities : PejÃ« / PeÄ‡ Istog / Istok KlinÃ« / Klina Postal Code External links Municipality Of Peja Categories: ... Kosovo, Ferizaji District Ferizaji District (UroÅ¡evac District) is a district in Kosovo with municipalities : Ferizaj / UroÅ¡evac Shtime / Å timlje KaÃ§anik / KaÄanik Å trpce / ShtÃ«rpcÃ« External links Municipality Of Ferizaj Category: ... Gjakova District (Äakovica District) is a district in Kosovo with municipalities : Gjakova / Äakovica DeÃ§an / DeÄani Rahovec / Orahovac Junik / Junik External links Municipality Of Gjakova Categories: ... Kosovo, Mitrovica District Mitrovica District (Kosovska Mitrovica District) is a district in Kosovo with municipalities : MitrovicÃ« / Kosovska Mitrovica Vushtrri / VuÄitrn Zubin Potok / Zubin Potok ZveÄan / ZveÃ§an LeposaviÄ‡ / Leposaviq Skenderaj / Srbica External links Municipality Of Mitrovica Category: ... Kosovo, Gjilani District Gnjilani District (Gnjilane District) is a district in Kosovo with Municipalities : Gjilan / Gnjilane KamenicÃ« / Kosovska Kamenica Viti / Vitina External links Municipality Of Gjilani Category: ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Serbs (in the Serbian language Срби, Srbi) are a south Slavic people living chiefly in Serbia and Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Kosovo, Mitrovica District Mitrovica District (Kosovska Mitrovica District) is a district in Kosovo with municipalities : MitrovicÃ« / Kosovska Mitrovica Vushtrri / VuÄitrn Zubin Potok / Zubin Potok ZveÄan / ZveÃ§an LeposaviÄ‡ / Leposaviq Skenderaj / Srbica External links Municipality Of Mitrovica Category: ... LeposaviÄ‡ (Serbian: LeposaviÄ‡ or Ð›ÐµÐ¿Ð¾ÑÐ°Ð²Ð¸Ñ›, Albanian: Leposavqi or Leposaviq) is a town and municipality in Kosovo. ... ZveÄan (Serbian: ZveÄan or Ð—Ð²ÐµÑ‡Ð°Ð½, Albanian: Zveqan or Zveqani) is a town and municipality in Kosovo. ... Zubin Potok (Ð—ÑƒÐ±Ð¸Ð½ ÐŸÐ¾Ñ‚Ð¾Ðº) is a town and municipality in Kosovo. ... Mitrovica or MitrovicÃ« (Albanian) or Kosovska Mitrovica/ÐšÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐºÐ° ÐœÐ¸Ñ‚Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ†Ð° (Serbian) is a city located in the north of Kosovo at 42. ...

Cities

List of largest cities in Kosovo (with population figures in 2006):^[51] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 769 KB) With permission of the author Hipi Zhdripi-Gimi. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 769 KB) With permission of the author Hipi Zhdripi-Gimi. ... Priština (Приштина) (Serbian) or Prishtinë/Prishtina (Albanian indefinite/definite form) is the capital city of the province called Kosovo and Metohia, located in the south of Serbia at 42°65 N, 21°17 E. The population is 204,500 as of... PriÅ¡tina, also spelled Pristina (Albanian: PrishtinÃ«/Prishtina; Serbian: PriÅ¡tina/ÐŸÑ€Ð¸ÑˆÑ‚Ð¸Ð½Ð°) is the capital and the largest city of Kosovo, Serbias southern UN administered province. ...

Priština (Приштина) (Serbian) or Prishtinë/Prishtina (Albanian indefinite/definite form) is the capital city of the province called Kosovo and Metohia, located in the south of Serbia at 42°65 N, 21°17 E. The population is 204,500 as of... PriÅ¡tina, also spelled Pristina (Albanian: PrishtinÃ«/Prishtina; Serbian: PriÅ¡tina/ÐŸÑ€Ð¸ÑˆÑ‚Ð¸Ð½Ð°) is the capital and the largest city of Kosovo, Serbias southern UN administered province. ... View of Prizren Prizren (Serbian Cyrillic ÐŸÑ€Ð¸Ð·Ñ€ÐµÐ½; Albanian Prizreni) is an historic city located in Kosovo at 42. ... View of Prizren Prizren (Albanian Prizren/Prizreni, Serbian: ÐŸÑ€Ð¸Ð·Ñ€ÐµÐ½ / Prizren) is a historical city located in Kosovo a Serbian Province under UN administration at 42. ... ... UroÅ¡evac (Ð£Ñ€Ð¾ÑˆÐµÐ²Ð°Ñ†, Albanian: Ferizaj) is a town located in the province called Kosovo (officially Kosovo and Metohia) in Serbia and Montenegro at 42. ... Gjakovë/Gjakova (Albanian indefinite/definite form) or Djakovica/Ðakovica (Serbian) is a city located in Kosovo at 42. ... Gjakova, also Djakovica, (Serbian cyrillic: Ð‚Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ†Ð°, Albanian Gjakova) is a city located in Kosovo, at 42. ... ... PeÄ‡ (Serbian: ÐŸÐµÑ›; Albanian PejÃ« or Peja) is a city located in the western part of Kosovo, Serbia and Montenegro, at 40Â°66â€²N 20Â°31â€²E. It had a population of 81,800 as of 2003. ... Gnjilane (Serbian:Ð“ÑšÐ¸Ð»Ð°Ð½Ðµ Albanian: Gjilan) is a city located in Kosovo, Serbia and Montenegro, at 42. ... Gjilan (Albanian language) or Gnjilane (Serbian:Ð“ÑšÐ¸Ð»Ð°Ð½Ðµ), is a city located in Kosovo, at 42. ... Mitrovica or MitrovicÃ« (Albanian) or Kosovska Mitrovica/ÐšÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐºÐ° ÐœÐ¸Ñ‚Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ†Ð° (Serbian) is a city located in the north of Kosovo at 42. ... Mitrovica or MitrovicÃ« (Albanian) or Kosovska Mitrovica/ÐšÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐºÐ° ÐœÐ¸Ñ‚Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ†Ð° (Serbian) is a city located in the north of Kosovo at 42. ... Podujevo (Подујево; Albanian: Besiana), is the name of a town, the center of a municipality, situated in north-east of the province of Serbia called Kosovo (officially Kosovo and Metohia). ... Podujevo (ÐŸÐ¾Ð´ÑƒÑ˜ÐµÐ²Ð¾; Albanian: Besiana), is the name of a town, the center of a municipality, situated in north-east Kosova, UN-Resolution 1244. ...

Culture

Music

Music has always been part of the Albanian culture. Although in Kosovo music is diverse (as it got mixed with the cultures of different regimes dominating in Kosovo), authentic Albanian music (see World Music) does still exist. It is characterized by use of çiftelia (an authentic Albanian instrument), mandolin, mandola and percussion. In Kosovo, along with modern music, folk music is very popular. There are many folk singers and ensembles. Classical music is also well known in Kosovo. The modern music in Kosovo has its origin from the Western countries. The main modern genres include: Pop, Hip Hop, Rock and Jazz. The most notable rock bands are: Gjurmët, Troja, Votra, Diadema, Humus, Asgjë sikur Dielli, Kthjellu, Cute Babulja, Babilon, etc. Ilir Bajri is a notable jazz and electronic musician. Music is a form of art and entertainment or other human activity that involves organized and audible sounds and silence. ... World music is, most generally, all the music in the world [1]. More specifically, the term is currently used to classify the many genres of non-western music which were previously described as folk music or ethnic music. Succinctly, it can be described as local music from out there [2... Ã‡iftelia Ã‡iftelia is an Albanian authentic string instrument. ... Folk can refer to a number of different things: It can be short for folk music, or, for folksong, or, for folklore; it may be a word for a specific people, tribe, or nation, especially one of the Germanic peoples; it might even be a calque on the related German... In music a singer or vocalist is a type of musician who sings, i. ... Classical music is a broad, somewhat imprecise term, referring to music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of, European art, ecclesiastical and concert music, encompassing a broad period from roughly 1000 to the present day. ... Depending on context, pop music is either an abbreviation of popular music or, more recently, a term for a sub-genre of it. ... Hip hop music, also referred to as rap or rap music, is a style of popular music which came into existence in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s. ... Rock is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars, and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles, however saxophones have been omitted from newer subgenres of rock music since the 90s. ... Jazz is an original American musical art form that originated around the start of the 20th century in New Orleans, rooted in African American musical styles blended with Western music technique and theory. ... Cute Babulja is a rock-band from Prishtina, Kosovo formed in 2004. ... Babilon was formed in 1986 in Prishtina by: Uran Bajrami - Bass Guitar (1968 - 1989), Besim Hajdini - Lead Guitar , B.B. Poqi - Vocals and Mentor Haziri - Drums. ... Jazz is an original American musical art form that originated around the start of the 20th century in New Orleans, rooted in African American musical styles blended with Western music technique and theory. ... Electronic music is a term for music created using electronic devices. ...

Leonora Jakupi and Adelina Ismajli are two of the most popular commercial singers in Kosovo today. Leonora Jakupi (born March 3, 1978 in Skenderaj, Kosovo) is one of the most popular singers among Albanians in Kosovo, Albania, Macedonia and Montenegro. ... Adelina Ismajli is a pop singer from Kosovo. ...

Kosovo Radiotelevisions like RTK, 21 and KTV have their musical charts. Rock is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars, and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles, however saxophones have been omitted from newer subgenres of rock music since the 90s. ... Heavy metal is a genre of rock music that emerged as a defined musical style in the 1970s, having its roots in hard rock bands which, between 1969 and 1974,[1] mixed blues and rock to create a hybrid with a thick, heavy, guitar-and-drums-centered sound, characterised by... Hip hop music, also referred to as rap or rap music, is a style of popular music which came into existence in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s. ... Depending on context, pop music is either an abbreviation of popular music or, more recently, a term for a sub-genre of it. ... Rock is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars, and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles, however saxophones have been omitted from newer subgenres of rock music since the 90s. ... Heavy metal is a genre of rock music that emerged as a defined musical style in the 1970s, having its roots in hard rock bands which, between 1969 and 1974,[1] mixed blues and rock to create a hybrid with a thick, heavy, guitar-and-drums-centered sound, characterised by... Hip hop music, also referred to as rap or rap music, is a style of popular music which came into existence in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s. ... Depending on context, pop music is either an abbreviation of popular music or, more recently, a term for a sub-genre of it. ... Rock is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars, and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles, however saxophones have been omitted from newer subgenres of rock music since the 90s. ... Heavy metal is a genre of rock music that emerged as a defined musical style in the 1970s, having its roots in hard rock bands which, between 1969 and 1974,[1] mixed blues and rock to create a hybrid with a thick, heavy, guitar-and-drums-centered sound, characterised by... A Christian is a follower of Jesus of Nazareth, referred to as Christ. ... Lyrics are the words in songs. ...

List of Presidents

Fatmir Sejdiu President of Kosovo Fatmir Sejdiu (born October 23, 1951) is the president of Kosova. ... February 10 is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Ibrahim Rugova (December 2, 1944 â€“ January 21, 2006) was the first President of Kosovo and of its leading political party, the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK). ... March 4 is the 63rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (64th in leap years). ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ...

List of Prime Ministers

Bajram Rexhepi (b. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Ramush Haradinaj (born July 3, 1968 in village Gllogjan near DeÃ§an, Kosovo) is a former guerrilla leader and prime minister of Kosovo. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Bajram Kosumi, Kosovas Prime Minister. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Former NATO General Wesley Clark (left) and Agim Ã‡eku (right) inspecting a KLA honor guard in Prishtina/PriÅ¡tina, 1999. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Gallery

Contents

Geography

History

Ancient

Medieval

Great Migrations and Interregnums

Incorporation into Serbia

Kingdom of the Serbs

Serbian Empire and Despotate

Ottoman rule

Modern

Kingdom of Yugoslavia and WWII

Kosovo in the Second Yugoslavia

Kosovo War

Kosovo Politics and Governance

Kosovo Future Status Process

Economy

Demographics

Subdivisions

Cities

Culture

Music

List of Presidents

List of Prime Ministers

Gallery

See also

External links

Pro-Albanian

Pro-Serbian

References

One quick question before you continue, thanks!

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Contents

Geography GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

History

Ancient

Medieval

Great Migrations and Interregnums

Incorporation into Serbia

Kingdom of the Serbs

Serbian Empire and Despotate

Ottoman rule

Modern

Kingdom of Yugoslavia and WWII

Kosovo in the Second Yugoslavia

Kosovo War

Kosovo Politics and Governance

Kosovo Future Status Process

Economy

Demographics

Subdivisions

Cities

Culture

Music

List of Presidents

List of Prime Ministers

Gallery

See also

External links

Pro-Albanian

Pro-Serbian

References

One quick question before you continue, thanks!

What is your education level?

Geography