Chukotka Autonomous District (Чуко́тка) in the Russian Far East is the farthest northeast region of Russia, on the shores of the Bering Sea. It is the site of Lake El'gygytgyn, an important site for scientific research on climate change. The region has an area of 737,700 km² and a population of about 53,000 (according to 2002 census figures). The principal town and administrative center is Anadyr. It was formerly an autonomous region subsumed within Magadan Oblast, but it declared independence from Magadan in 1991, a move that was confirmed by the Russian Constitutional Court in 1993.
Chukotka has large reserves of oil, natural gas, coal, gold, and tungsten, which are slowly being exploited, but much of the rural population exists on subsistence reindeer herding, hunting and fishing. The urban population is employed in mining, administration, construction, cultural work, education, medicine, and other occupations.
The governor of Chukotka, business oligarchRoman Abramovich, has spent millions of dollars in the region on developing infrastructure and providing direct aid to the inhabitants.
Administrative Division
Districts
Chukotka Autonomous District consists of the following districts (Russian: районов):
The Chukchis live in the extreme northeastern part of Siberia, in the area between the Chukchi and Bering Seas, which extends from the vicinity of the mouth of the River Indigirka to the Bering Straits in the east, and from the Arctic Ocean to the Kamchatkan Peninsula in the south.
The Chukchi Peninsula belongs to the permafrost zone of the tundra, and the Chukchi Upland is predominantly mountain tundra, partly frozen desert.
The Chukchi language is divided into several dialects: the coastal or eastern dialect, the tundra or western dialect, the Enmylin dialect, (characterized by the influence of the Kerek language), and the Nunligran and Khatyrka (with Koryak influences).
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (Russian: Π§ΡΠΊΠΎΜΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΜΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΜΠΊΡΡΠ³, transliteration: Chukotsky avtonomny okrug; Chukchi: Π§ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΊΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠΊΡΠ½ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³), or Chukotka (Π§ΡΠΊΠΎΜΡΠΊΠ°), is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug) located in the Far Eastern Federal District.
Chukotka was formerly an autonomous okrug subsumed within Magadan Oblast, but it declared its separation in 1991; a move that was confirmed by the Russian Constitutional Court in 1993.
Traditionally the home of the native Chukchi people, Siberian Yupiks, Koryaks, Chuvans, Evens/Lamuts, Yukagirs, and Russian Old Settlers, the region was subject to collectivisation and forced settlement during the Soviet era.
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