{1} {2} {3} {4} {5} {6} {7} {8} {9} {10} {11} {12} {13} {14} {15} {16} {17} {18} {19} {20} {21} {22} {X} {Y} A graphical representation of the normal human karyotype. ... Chromosome 1 is, by convention, the designation for the largest human chromosome. ... Chromosome 2 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. ... Chromosome 3 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. ... Chromosome 4 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. ... Chromosome 5 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. ... Chromosome 6 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. ... Chromosome 7 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. ... Chromosome 8 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. ... Chromosome 9 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. ... Chromosome 10 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. ... Chromosome 11 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. ... Chromosome 12 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. ... Chromosome 13 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. ... Chromosome 14 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. ... Chromosome 15 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. ... Chromosome 16 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. ... Chromosome 17 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. ... Chromosome 18 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. ... Chromosome 19 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. ... Chromosome 20 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. ... Chromosome 21 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. ... Chromosome 22 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. ... The X chromosome The X chromosome is one of the two sex-determining chromosomes in many animal species, including mammals (the other is the Y chromosome). ... The human Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes, it contains the genes that cause testis development, thus determining maleness. ...

Karyotype - Ploidy - Meiosis For a non-technical introduction to the topic, please see Introduction to genetics. ... Figure 1: A representation of a condensed eukaryotic chromosome, as seen during cell division. ... Karyogram of human male using Giemsa staining. ... Ploidy is the number of homologous sets of chromosomes in a biological cell. ... Distinguish from miosis. ...

Classification: Autosome - Sex chromosome A sex-determination system is a biological system that determines the development of sexual characteristics in an organism. ...

Evolution: Chromosomal inversion - Chromosomal translocation - Polyploidy - Paleopolyploidy An inversion is a chromosome rearrangement in which a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end. ... Chromosomal translocation of the 4th and 20th chromosome. ... Polyploidy refers to cells or organisms that contain more than two copies of each of their chromosomes. ... // Overview Polyploid (in Greek: πολλαπλόν - multiple) cells or organisms contain more than two copies (ploidy) of their chromosomes. ...

Structure: Chromatin (Euchromatin, Heterochromatin) - Nucleosome - Histone (H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4) - Centromere - Chromatid Chromatin is the complex of DNA and protein found inside the nuclei of eukaryotic cells. ... Euchromatin is a lightly packed form of chromatin that is rich in gene concentration, and is often (but not always) under active transcription. ... Heterochromatin is (usually but not always) tightly packed form of DNA. Its major characteristic is that it is not transcribed. ... A nucleosome is a unit made of DNA and histones. ... Schematic representation of the assembly of the core histones into the nucleosome. ... Histone H1 is one of the 5 main histone proteins involved in the structure of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. ... Histone H2A is one of the 5 main histone proteins involved in the structure of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. ... Histone H2B is one of the 5 main histone proteins involved in the structure of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. ... H3 (Histone H3) is one of the 5 main histone proteins involved in the structure of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. ... H4 (Histone H4) is one of the 5 main histone proteins involved in the structure of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. ... The centromere is a region of chromosomes with a special sequence and structure. ... A chromatid forms one part of a chromosome after it has coalesced for the process of mitosis or meiosis. ...