Avachinsky
Avachinsky, seen from base camp.
Elevation:	2,741 metres (8,993 feet)
Location:	Kamchatka, Russia
Coordinates:	53°15′ N 158°50′ E
Type:	Stratovolcano
Age of rock:
Last eruption:	2001

Avachinsky is a volcano on the Kamchatka Peninsula in the far east of Russia. It lies within sight of the capital of Kamchatka Oblast, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Together with neighbouring Koryaksky volcano, it has been designated a Decade Volcano, worthy of particular study in light of its history of explosive eruptions and proximity to populated areas. ImageMetadata File history File links Avachinsky_Volcano. ... A topographical summit is a point on a surface which is higher in elevation than all points immediately adjacent to it. ... Kamchatka is the land of volcanoes. ... This article is about longitude and latitude; see also UTM coordinate system Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically); large version (pdf) The geographic (earth-mapping) coordinate system expresses every horizontal position on Earth by two of the three coordinates of a spherical coordinate system which... Mountains can be characterized in several ways. ... View of Mount Rainier, a stratovolcano. ... The geologic time scale is used by geologists and other scientists to describe the timing and relationships between events that have occurred during the history of the Earth. ... A volcano is a geological landform (usually a mountain) where magma (rock of the Earths interior made molten or liquid by extremely high temperatures along with a reduction in pressure and/or the introduction of water or other volatiles) erupts through the surface of the planet. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... A volcano is a geological landform (usually a mountain) where magma (rock of the Earths interior made molten or liquid by extremely high temperatures along with a reduction in pressure and/or the introduction of water or other volatiles) erupts through the surface of the planet. ... Kamchatka is the land of volcanoes. ... Kamchatka Oblast (Russian: Камча́тская о́бласть) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). ... Petropavlovsk, as seen from Avacha Bay The city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (Петропавловск-Камчатский) (pop. ... Koryaksky is a volcano on the Kamchatka Peninsula in the far east of Russia. ... A map showing locations of the 16 Decade Volcanoes The Decade Volcanoes are 16 volcanoes identified by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earths Interior (IAVCEI) as being worthy of particular study in light of their history of large, destructive eruptions and proximity to populated areas. ...

Geological history

Avachinsky lies on the Pacific Ring of Fire, at a point where the Pacific Plate is sliding underneath the Eurasian Plate at a rate of about 80 mm/year. A wedge of mantle material lies between the subducting Pacific Plate and the overlying Eurasian Plate is the source of dynamic volcanism over the whole Kamchatka Peninsula. For other meanings of Pacific, see Pacific (disambiguation). ... The phrase Ring of Fire could refer to: Ring of Fire is the title of a song by June Carter and Merle Kilgore, performed by Johnny Cash. ... The Pacific plate is shown in pale yellow on this map The Pacific Plate is an oceanic tectonic plate beneath the Pacific Ocean. ... Categories: Plate tectonics | Geology stubs ... A Mantle is a piece of clothing, similar to a robe but open on the front side and often sleeveless. ... Subduction zones mark sites of convective downwelling of the Earths lithosphere. ...

The volcano is one of the most active volcanoes on the Kamchatka Peninsula, and began erupting in the middle to late Pleistocene era. It has a horseshoe-shaped caldera, which formed 30-40,000 years ago in a major landslide which covered an area of 500 km² south of the volcano, underlying the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Reconstruction of a new cone inside the caldera occurred in two major eruption phases, 18,000 and 7,000 years ago. The Pleistocene Epoch is part of the geologic timescale, usually dated as 1. ... Crater Lake, Oregon A caldera is a volcanic feature formed by the collapse of a volcano into itself. ... A landslide is a geological phenomenon which includes a wide range of ground movement, such as rock falls, deep failure of slopes, and shallow debris flows, see flow. ...

Recent activity

Avanchinsky Summit

Avachinsky has erupted at least 17 times in recorded history. Eruptions have generally been explosive, and pyroclastic flows and lahars have tended to be directed to the south west by the breached caldera. The most recent large eruption (VEI=4) occurred in 1945, when about 0.25 km³ of magma was ejected. The volcano has since had small eruptions in 1991 and 2001. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (467x700, 55 KB) Summit of Avachinsky volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (467x700, 55 KB) Summit of Avachinsky volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. ... Pyroclastic flows sweep down the flanks of Mayon Volcano, Philippines, in 1984 Pyroclastic flows are a common and devastating result of some volcanic eruptions. ... A lahar is a mixture of rock, mud, water and usually debris that flows down from a volcano (or occasionally other mountains), typically along a river valley. ... VEI and ejecta volume correlation The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) was devised by Chris Newhall of the U.S. Geological Survey and Steve Self at the University of Hawaii in 1982 to provide a relative measure of the explosiveness of volcanic eruptions. ... 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... This article is about the type of molten rock. ... 1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ...

The volcano continues to experience frequent earthquakes, and many fumaroles exist near the summit. The temperature of gases emitted at these fumaroles has been measured at over 400°C. In light of its proximity to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Avachinsky was designated a Decade Volcano in 1996 as part of the United Nations' International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction, together with the nearby Koryaksky volcano. Global earthquake epicenters, 1963–1998 An earthquake is a sudden and sometimes catastrophic movement of a part of the Earths surface. ... Sulfur deposits near a fumarole A fumarole (Latin fumus, smoke) is an opening in Earths (or any other astronomical bodys) crust, often in the neighborhood of volcanoes, which emit steam and gases such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrochloric acid, and hydrogen sulfide. ... A map showing locations of the 16 Decade Volcanoes The Decade Volcanoes are 16 volcanoes identified by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earths Interior (IAVCEI) as being worthy of particular study in light of their history of large, destructive eruptions and proximity to populated areas. ... 1996 is a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... The United Nations, or UN, is an international organization established in 1945. ... Koryaksky is a volcano on the Kamchatka Peninsula in the far east of Russia. ...

Avachinsky (centre, nearest coast) from space

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1000x662, 167 KB)Koryaksy and Avachinsky volcanoes, seen from the International Space Station. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1000x662, 167 KB)Koryaksy and Avachinsky volcanoes, seen from the International Space Station. ...

References

1. Droznin D., Levin V., Park J., Gordeev E. (2002), Detailed Mapping of Seismic Anisotropy Indicators in Southeastern Kamchatka, American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2002
2. Levin V., Park J., Gordeev E., Droznin D. (2002), Complex Anisotropic Structure of the Mantle Wedge Beneath Kamchatka Volcanoes, American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2002
3. Taran Y.A., Connor C.B., Shapar V.N., Ovsyannikov A.A., Bilichenko A.A. (1997), Fumarolic activity of Avachinsky and Koryaksky volcanoes, Kamchatka, from 1993 to 1994, Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 58, p. 441-448

External links

• VolcanoWorld information
• Global Volcanism Program information
• Bob Jensen's information page