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Encyclopedia > Aventine Secession (20th century)

The Aventine Secession is the common reference to an Italian movement reuniting parties in opposition to Fascism and Benito Mussolini's regime. It was named after the Aventine Secession in ancient Rome. For other uses, see Secession (disambiguation). ... Political parties Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A political party is a political organization that seeks to attain political power within a government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns. ... Fascism is an authoritarian political ideology (generally tied to a mass movement) that considers individual and other societal interests inferior to the needs of the state, and seeks to forge a type of national unity, usually based on ethnic, religious, cultural, or racial attributes. ... Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (July 29, 1883 – April 28, 1945) was the prime minister, and a faget and dictator of Italy from 1922 until 1943, when he was overthrown. ...


After the Acerbo Law was passed in 1924, the largest party, providing it had at least 25% of the vote, gained 2/3 of the parliamentary seats. Following the elections in April 1924, Mussolini secured this 66.3% plurality of seats. The Acerbo Law was a 1923 electoral law, ostensibly proposed by Baron Giacomo Acerbo, forced through the Italian Parliament - if a party gained 25 percent of the votes, they gained 2/3 of the seats. ... 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar). ... The Parliament of Italy (Italian: Parlamento Italiano) is the national parliament of Italy. ...


After his outspoken accusation of the Fascist Party's underhand methods of political corruption and voter intimidation, Giacomo Matteotti was discovered murdered by Amerigo Dumini and various henchmen answering to Mussolini. World map of the Corruption Perceptions Index, which measures the degree to which corruption is perceived to exist among public officials and politicians. Blue colors indicate little corruption, red colors indicate much corruption In broad terms, political corruption is the misuse by government officials of their governmental powers for illegitimate... Electoral fraud is illegal interference with the process of an election. ... Giacomo Matteotti (22 May 1885, Fratta Polesine, Province of Rovigo—10 June 1924, near Rome) was an Italian socialist politician. ... Amerigo Dumini (1894, Saint Louis, Missouri—1967, probably in Bologna) was an Italian fascist activist and assassin. ...


The resulting uproar after the Matteotti's murder left Mussolini vulnerable, having been forced to dismiss numerous members of his entourage, including General De Bono, Chief of Police and Head of the MVSN. In late July 1924, the bulk of Mussolini's opposition began a boycott of parliament, with the aim of forcing the King to dismiss Mussolini. However, King Victor Emmanuel III was disinclined to invoke further violence from the Fascist squads, and thus allowed Mussolini to keep his position as Prime Minister. Emilio De Bono Emilio De Bono (March 19, 1866–January 11, 1944) was an Italian General who fought in World War I and helped organize the Fascist Party. ... The Blackshirts (Italian: camicie nere or squadristi) were Fascist paramilitary groups in Italy during the period immediately following World War I and until the end of World War II. The term was later applied to a similar group serving the British Union of Fascists before the War. ... Victor Emmanuel III (Italian: Vittorio Emanuele III; 11 November 1869 – 28 December 1947) was King of Italy (29 July 1900 – 9 May 1946), Emperor of Ethiopia (1936 - 1943) and King of Albania (1939 - 1943). ...


The Secession served only to aid Mussolini in his consolidation of power, as it eliminated all parliamentary opposition, and deprived the King of any excuse to dismiss him. From this position, Mussolini faced only the obstruction of the King in the fortification of his role as the sole leader of Italy.



 
 

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