The Aventine Hill is one of the seven hills on which ancient Rome was built. It belongs to Ripa, the twelfth rione, or ward, of Rome. The Seven Hills of Rome east of the Tiber form the heart of Rome. ... Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area  - City 1,285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban 5... Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... A map of the center of Rome with its rioni The word rione (pl. ... Logo of the rione Ripa is the XII rione of Rome. ... This page refers to the main forum in the centre of Rome. ... For other uses, see Circus Maximus (disambiguation). ... Ancus Marcius (r. ... Lucius Opimius was Roman consul in 121 BC. He is first mentioned for crushing the revolt of the town of Fregellae in 125 BC. He was elected consul in 121 BC with Q. Fabius Maximus Allobrigicus, and while Fabius was campaigning in Gaul, he took part in perhaps the most... At least two notable Romans were named Marcus Fulvius Flaccus. ... Naevius was the nomen for the plebeian gens Naevia of ancient Rome. ... Sixtus III (d. ... Chariot racing was one of the most popular ancient Greek and Roman sports. ... Secessio plebis (withdrawal of the commoners, or Secession of the Plebs) was an informal exercise of power by Romes plebian citizens, similar to a strike. ... The Aventine Secession is the common reference to an Italian movement reuniting parties in opposition to Fascism and Benito Mussolinis regime. ... The term Roman religion may refer to: Ancient Roman religion Imperial cult (Ancient Rome), Sol Invictus Mithraism Roman Christianity Category: ... The Bacchanalia were wild and mystic festivals of the Roman god Bacchus. ... The Sacred fire of Vesta, the Roman goddess of the hearth and goddess of fire, was an eternal flame which burned within the Temple of Vesta on the Roman Forum. ... A head of Minerva found in the ruins of the Roman baths in Bath Roman mythology, the mythological beliefs of the people of Ancient Rome, can be considered as having two parts. ... The Diana of Versailles, a Roman copy of a sculpture by Leochares (Louvre Museum) In Greek mythology, Artemis (Greek: (nominative) , (genitive) ) was the daughter of Zeus and Leto and the twin sister of Apollo. ... In Roman mythology, Bona Dea (the good goddess) was a goddess of fertility, healing, virginity and women. ... In Roman mythology, Ceres was the goddess of growing plants (particularly cereals) and of motherly love. ... In Greek mythology, Cacus was a fire-breathing giant. ... Dionysus with a leopard, satyr and grapes on a vine, in the Palazzo Altemps (Rome, Italy) Dionysus or Dionysos (from the Ancient Greek Διώνυσος or Διόνυσος, associated with the Italic Liber), the Thracian god of wine, represents not only the intoxicating power of wine, but also its social and beneficial influences. ... Diana was the equivalent in Roman mythology of the Greek Artemis (see Roman/Greek equivalency in mythology for more details). ... Hercules, a Roman bronze (Louvre Museum) For other uses, see Heracles (disambiguation). ... A sculpture of the Roman god Mercury by 17th-century Flemish artist Artus Quellinus. ... This page is about the proposed lunar spacecraft. ... In Roman mythology, Vertumnus (Vortumnus, Vertimnus) was the god of seasons, change and plant growth, as well as gardens and fruit trees. ... The Seven Hills of Rome east of the Tiber form the heart of Rome. ... Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area  - City 1,285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban 5... Logo of the rione Ripa is the XII rione of Rome. ... Rione (plural: rioni) is the name given to a ward in several Italian cities, the best-known of which is Rome. ... Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area  - City 1,285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban 5...

Etymology

Its etymology is traced either from Aventinus (king) or a son of Hercules and a Latin priestess Rhea, also called Aventinus. Servius's commentary on Aeneid vii.656 states: Aventinus, one of the mythical kings of Alba Longa, who was buried on the Aventine Hill later named after him. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Heracles. ... In Greek mythology, Rhea was the sister and wife of Cronus and the mother of many of the other major gods of the pantheon. ... Aventinus was a son of Hercules and the priestess Rhea mentioned in Virgils Aeneid, Book vii. ...

"The Aventine is a hill in the city of Rome. It is accepted that it derives its name from birds (aves) which, rising from the Tiber, nested there (as we read in the eighth book of a suitable home for the nests of ill-omened birds). This is because of a king of the Aboriginal Italians, Aventinus by name, who was both killed and buried there - just as the Alban king Aventinus was, he who was succeeded by Procas. Varro, however, states that amongst the Roman people, the Sabines accepted this mountain when it was offered them by Romulus, and called it the Aventine after the Aventus river in its area. It is therefore accepted that these different opinions came later, for in the beginning it was called Aventinus after either the birds or the Aboriginal King: from which it is accepted that the son of Hercules mentioned here took his name from that of the hill, not vice versa." ^[1]

An alternate etymology comes directly from the founding of Rome. Romulus saw birds from Aventine Hill, not Palatine Hill, so Aventine Hill was aptly named as where Romulus saw his omen (birds = "aves"). ^[2] Romulus may refer to any of these articles: Romulus is a mythical founder of Rome, brother of Remus. ... 17th century aviaries on the hill, built by Rainaldi for Odoardo Cardinal Farnese: once wirework cages surmounted them. ... Romulus may refer to any of these articles: Romulus is a mythical founder of Rome, brother of Remus. ...

Mythology

Virgil wrote that Cacus, whom Hercules killed, lived in a cave on Aventine Hill. Hercules killed him because Cacus had stolen the Cattle of Geryon that Hercules had to deliver. ^[3] Publius Vergilius Maro (October 15, 70 BC – September 21, 19 BC), later called Virgilius, and known in English as Virgil or Vergil, was a classical Roman poet, the author of the Eclogues, the Georgics and the substantially completed Aeneid, the last being an epic poem of twelve books that became... In Greek mythology, Cacus was a fire-breathing giant. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Heracles. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Heracles. ... In Greek mythology, Cacus was a fire-breathing giant. ... Heracles fighting Geryon, amphora by the E Group, ca. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Heracles. ...

According to Livy, Remus chose the Aventine for his station of observation after the founding of the Rome, while Romulus chose the Palatine (book 6 of Livy's Ab urbe condita). A portrait of Titus Livius made long after his death. ... 17th century aviaries on the hill, built by Rainaldi for Odoardo Cardinal Farnese: once wirework cages surmounted them. ... Ab urbe condita (related with Anno urbis conditae: AUC or a. ...

However, a number of other sources, including Ennius and Servius, place Romulus on the Aventine Hill. Thus, the etymology of the hill’s name has a more direct connection to the founding of Rome as it is where Romulus saw his birds (aves). Quintus Ennius (239 - 169 BC) was a writer during the period of the Roman Republic, and is often considered the father of Roman poetry. ... Maurus (or Marius) Servius Honoratius, Roman grammarian and commentator on Virgil, flourished at the end of the 4th century AD. He is one of the interlocutors in the Saturnalia of Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius, and allusions in that work and a letter from Quintus Aurelius Symmachus to Servius show that he... Romulus may refer to any of these articles: Romulus is a mythical founder of Rome, brother of Remus. ... Romulus may refer to any of these articles: Romulus is a mythical founder of Rome, brother of Remus. ...

In modern times, the Aventine Hill actually consists of two hills: the northwestern hill and the southeastern hill. During Romulus' and Remus' time, the Aventine Hill only consisted of the northwestern hill. Remus stood on the southeastern hill. Eventually, the northwestern hill, where Romulus stood, and the southeastern hill, upon which Remus stood, both came together under the name of the Aventine Hill. As a result, mythologically, Romulus and Remus would have stood on the same hill. In order to preserve the image of the twins standing on different hills looking for omens, Romulus’ position was changed to Palatine Hill, where Romulus founded the city, and Remus remained on the Aventine Hill. ^[4] Romulus may refer to any of these articles: Romulus is a mythical founder of Rome, brother of Remus. ... Romulus and Remus, founders of Rome in Roman mythology, were the supposed sons of the god Mars and the priestess Rhea Silvia. ... Romulus and Remus, founders of Rome in Roman mythology, were the supposed sons of the god Mars and the priestess Rhea Silvia. ... Romulus may refer to any of these articles: Romulus is a mythical founder of Rome, brother of Remus. ... Romulus and Remus, founders of Rome in Roman mythology, were the supposed sons of the god Mars and the priestess Rhea Silvia. ... Romulus may refer to any of these articles: Romulus is a mythical founder of Rome, brother of Remus. ... Romulus and Remus, founders of Rome in Roman mythology, were the supposed sons of the god Mars and the priestess Rhea Silvia. ... Romulus may refer to any of these articles: Romulus is a mythical founder of Rome, brother of Remus. ... 17th century aviaries on the hill, built by Rainaldi for Odoardo Cardinal Farnese: once wirework cages surmounted them. ... Romulus may refer to any of these articles: Romulus is a mythical founder of Rome, brother of Remus. ... Romulus and Remus, founders of Rome in Roman mythology, were the supposed sons of the god Mars and the priestess Rhea Silvia. ...

History

Ancient and medieval

Map of Rome showing 7 hills and Servian Wall

The Aventine Hill did not become a part of Rome proper until long after the city’s founding. Strabo’s Geography has the Aventine Hill being incorporated into Rome by Ancus Marcius, who ruled from 640-616 BCE as the fourth king of Rome, in order to further fortify the city and protect it from invaders. ^[5] Common Roman mythology believes the Aventine Hill was incorporated into the city of Rome with the building of the Servian Wall during the rein of Servius Tullius, the sixth king of Rome, in the mid-sixth century, BCE. The wall itself, however, probably could not have been built before 393 BCE when the Romans conquered Veii, which controlled a quarry that produced the specific type of stone of which the Servian Wall is made. Image File history File links 7_Hügel_Roms. ... Image File history File links 7_Hügel_Roms. ... The Greek geographer Strabo in a 16th century engraving. ... Ancus Marcius (r. ... The Servian Wall now next to the railway station of Termini. ... Servius Tullius was the sixth legendary king of ancient Rome, and the second king of the Etruscan dynasty. ... Veii - or Veius - was in ancient times, an important Etrurian city 18 km NNW of Rome, Italy. ... Tufa is the name for an unusual geological formation. ... The Servian Wall now next to the railway station of Termini. ...

Most scholars believe that the wall was built after an invasion and occupation by the Gauls in 387 BCE. The Aventine Hill was a suburb of Rome during the monarchy and early Republic until about 456 BCE when a law was passed allowing plebeians to own property on the hill. Thus, the city began to outgrow its walls as it extended onto Aventine Hill and the Campus Martius. This expansion made it much easier for the Gauls to capture Rome. This invasion prompted a new wall to be built incorporating the new areas of the city, including the Aventine Hill. ^[6] Gallia (in English Gaul) is the Latin name for the region of western Europe occupied by present-day France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine river. ... In Ancient Rome, the plebs was the general body of Roman citizens, distinct from the privileged class of the patricians. ... The Campus Martius, or Field of Mars, was a publicly owned area of ancient Rome about 2 km² (600 acres) in extent. ... Gallia (in English Gaul) is the Latin name for the region of western Europe occupied by present-day France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine river. ...

Modern

During the Fascist period, many deputies of the opposition retired on this hill after the murder of Giacomo Matteotti, here ending - by the so-called "Aventine Secession" - their presence at the Parliament and consequently their political activity. This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... Giacomo Matteotti (22 May 1885, Fratta Polesine, Province of Rovigo—10 June 1924, near Rome) was an Italian socialist politician. ... The Aventine Secession is the common reference to an Italian movement reuniting parties in opposition to Fascism and Benito Mussolinis regime. ...

The hill is now an elegant residential part of Rome with a wealth of architectural interest.

Popular Culture

The Aventine Hill is portrayed as a rough working-class area of ancient Rome in the popular Falco series of historical historical novels written by Lindsey Davis about Marcus Didius Falco, a 'private informer' who occasionally works for the Emperor Vespasian and lives in the Aventine. The same image is portrayed in much of the series Rome, in which the Aventine is the home of Lucius Vorenus. In season two Vorenus and his friend legionary Titus Pullo seek to maintain order over the various gangs competing there for power. A novel (from French nouvelle Italian novella, new) is an extended, generally fictional narrative, typically in prose. ... Lindsey Davis, historical novelist, was born in Birmingham, England in 1949. ... Marcus Didius Falco is an endearing character in the novels of Lindsey Davis. ... Imperator Caesar Vespasianus Augustus (born November 17, 9, died June 23, 79), known originally as Titus Flavius Vespasianus and usually referred to in English as Vespasian, was emperor of Rome from 69 to 79. ... Rome is a multiple Emmy Award-winning historical drama, produced in Italy for television by the BBC (UK), HBO (USA), and RAI (Italy). ... Lucius Vorenus is a fictional character from the HBO/BBC original television series Rome, played by Kevin McKidd. ... The Historical Pullo Titus Pullo (given as T. Pulfio in some translations) was one of the two soldiers of the 11th Legion (Legio XI prior to its demobilization and subsequent remobilization by Caesar Augustus - see also here) mentioned in the personal writings of Julius Caesar. ...

References

1. ^ Maurus Servius Honoratus, Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil
2. ^ Skutsch, O. ["Enniana IV: Condendae Urbis Auspicia"], The Classical Quarterly, 1961. Retrieved on May 6, 2007.
3. ^ Brill's New Pauly: Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World. "Cacus", 2002. Retrieved on May 4, 2007.
4. ^ Skutsch, O. ["Enniana IV: Condendae Urbis Auspicia"], The Classical Quarterly, 1961. Retrieved on May 6, 2007.
5. ^ Strabo. "Geography", November 6, 2006. Retrieved on May 8, 2007.
6. ^ Carter, Jesse Benedict. "The Evolution of the City of Rome from Its Origin to the Gallic Catastrophe"], Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, September 2, 1909. Retrieved on May 6, 2007.

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