Avery Brundage (September 28, 1887 – May 8, 1975) was an American athlete, sports official, art collector and philanthropist. He has been heavily criticised for decisions he took as a member of the United States Olympic Committee and as president of the International Olympic Committee. September 28 is the 271st day of the year (272nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1887 (MDCCCLXXXVII) is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. ... May 8 is the 128th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (129th in leap years). ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... For USOC in telephony, see Universal Service Ordering Code. ... Bold textralf is gay IOC redirects here. ...

Born in Detroit, Brundage studied civil engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, graduating in 1909. A few years later, he founded his own company, the Avery Brundage Company, which was active in the building business around Chicago until 1947. Nickname: Motor City; Motown, D-Town, The D, The Renaissance City, Detroit Rock City, The Rock City, The 313 Motto: Speramus Meliora; Resurget Cineribus (Latin for, We Hope For Better Things; It Shall Rise From the Ashes) Location in Wayne County, Michigan Coordinates: Country State County United States Michigan Wayne... The Falkirk Wheel in Scotland. ... The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, also known as UIUC and the U of I (the officially preferred abbreviation), is the flagship campus in the University of Illinois system. ... 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Windy City Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location Location in Chicagoland and northern Illinois Coordinates , Government Country State Counties United States Illinois Cook, DuPage Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 606. ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ...

Brundage was an all-around athlete, competing in the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm in the pentathlon and decathlon events, finishing 6th and 16th, respectively. He also won the US national all-around title in 1914, 1916 and 1918. The Games of the V Olympiad were held in 1912 in Stockholm, Sweden. ... Stockholm panorama from the City Hall (IPA: ; UN/LOCODE: SE STO) is the capital of Sweden, and consequently the site of its Government and Parliament as well as the residence of the Swedish head of state, King Carl XVI Gustaf. ... The pentathlon (as opposed to the modern pentathlon) was an athletics event in the Olympic Games and other Panhellenic Games of Ancient Greece. ... A decathlon is a sportive contest made up of 10 events. ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...

In 1928, Brundage became president of the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU). He became the president of the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) in 1929 and gained the vice-presidency of the International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) in 1930. 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... - The Amateur Athletic Union, widely known as the AAU, was formed in United States. ... For USOC in telephony, see Universal Service Ordering Code. ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) is the international governing body for the sport of athletics (known in the US as track and field). It was founded in 1912 at its first Congress in Stockholm, Sweden by representatives from 17 national athletics federations as the International Amateur Athletics Federation. ... 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link is to a full 1930 calendar). ...

As USOC president, Brundage rejected any proposals to boycott the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, where German Jews were excluded, and became a member of the International Olympic Committee after the group expelled American Ernest Lee Jahnke, who had urged athletes to boycott the Berlin games. The 1936 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XI Olympiad, were held in 1936 in Berlin, Germany. ... Bold textralf is gay IOC redirects here. ...

On the morning of the 400-meter relay race, at the last moment, the only two Jews on the 1936 US track team, Marty Glickman and Sam Stoller, were replaced by Jesse Owens and Ralph Metcalfe. Glickman later said that that decision might have been the result of pressure from Brundage. Brundage later praised the Nazi regime at a Madison Square rally, and was expelled from the America First Committee in 1941 because of his pro-German leanings. Martin Marty Glickman (August 14, 1917 - January 3, 2001), was an American track and field athlete and sports announcer, born in The Bronx, New York. ... James Cleveland Jesse Owens (September 12, 1913 – March 31, 1980) was an extremely popular American athlete and civic leader. ... Ralph Harold Metcalfe (May 30, 1910 - October 10, 1978) was an American athlete who jointly held the world record for the 100 metre sprint. ... Madison Square, 1908. ... The America First Committee was the foremost pressure group against American entry into the Second World War. ...

After the death of IOC president Henri de Baillet-Latour during World War II, Brundage became vice-president of the IOC in 1945. When IOC President Sigfrid Edström retired in 1952, Brundage was appointed as his successor. Belgian Count Henri de Baillet-Latour (March 1, 1876-January 6, 1942) was the third president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). ... This article is becoming very long. ... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... Johannes Sigfrid Edström (November 21, 1870-March 18, 1964) was a Swedish industrial and sports official. ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

During his tenure as IOC president, Brundage strongly opposed any form of professionalism in the Olympic Games. Gradually, this view became less accepted by the sports world and other IOC members. It led to some embarrassing incidents, such as the exclusion of Austrian skier Karl Schranz, who was accused of being a professional, from the 1972 Winter Olympics. He opposed the restoration of Olympic medals to Native American athlete Jim Thorpe, who had been stripped of them when it was found that he had briefly played professional baseball before taking part in the 1912 Olympic games (where he had beaten Brundage in the pentathlon and decathlon). Despite this, Brundage accepted the "shamateurism" from Eastern bloc countries, in which team members were nominally students, soldiers, or civilians working in a non-sports profession, but in reality were paid by their states to train on a full-time basis. Brundage claimed it was "their way of life" The five Olympic rings were designed in 1913, adopted in 1914 and debuted at the Games at Antwerp, 1920. ... Karl Schranz (* 18 November 1938 in St. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... American Indian and Alaskan Natives[1] (term preferred by the majority of people included) are the indigenous peoples within the territory that is now encompassed by the continental United States, including parts of Alaska down to their descendants in modern times. ... This article is about the athlete. ... A map of the Eastern Bloc. ... Students attending a lecture at the Helsinki University of Technology The word student is etymologically derived through Middle English from the Latin second-type conjugation verb stŭdērĕ, meaning to direct ones zeal at; hence a student is one who directs zeal at a subject. ... A soldier is a person who serves in an armed force for pay. ...

Brundage also opposed anything that he viewed as the politicisation of sport. At the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, US sprinters Tommie Smith and John Carlos raised their fists to show support for the Black Power movement during their medal ceremony. Brundage expelled both men from the Olympic Village and suspended them from the US Olympic team. He may be best remembered for his controversial decision during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany, to continue the Games following the 5th September Palestinian terrorist attack which killed 11 Israeli athletes. Many criticized Brundage's decision, although few athletes withdrew from the Games. The Olympic competition was suspended on September 5 for one full day. The next day, a memorial service of 80,000 spectators and 3,000 athletes was held in the Olympic Stadium. To the outrage of many listeners, Brundage made no reference at all to the slain athletes during his speech, and instead praised the strength of the Olympic movement; his view was that "the games must go on". Brundage strongly opposed the exclusion of Rhodesia from the Olympics due to its apartheid policies; after the attacks in Munich, Brundage linked the massacre of the Israeli athletes and the barring of the Rhodesian team as crimes of equal magnitude. The 1968 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XIX Olympiad, were held in Mexico City in 1968. ... Mexico City (Spanish: Ciudad de México, México D.F. or simply México, pronounced IPA: ) is the capital city of the nation of Mexico. ... Tommie Smith (born June 5, 1944) is a former American athlete, winner of the 200 m run at the 1968 Summer Olympics. ... John Wesley Carlos (born June 5, 1945) is a former American track and field athlete and bronze-medal winner of the 200 m run at the 1968 Summer Olympics. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... An Olympic Park is a venue or group of venues set up when a country hosts the Olympic Games. ... The 1972 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad, were held in Munich, West Germany, from 26 August to 11 September 1972. ... Munich: Frauenkirche and Town Hall steeple Munich (German: München, (pronounced listen) is the capital of the German Federal State of Bavaria (German: Freistaat Bayern). ... September 5 is the 248th day of the year (249th in leap years). ... One of the Black September terrorists on the balcony of the Israeli team quarters at the Olympic village The Munich massacre occurred during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, when members of the Israeli Olympic team were taken hostage by the Palestinian terrorist organization Black September, a group... National motto: Sit Nomine Digna (Latin: May she be worthy of the name} Official language English Capital Salisbury Political system Parliamentary system Form of government Republic - Last President John Wrathall - Prime Minister Ian Smith Area  - Total  - % water 390 580 km² 1% Population  - 1978 est. ... A segregated beach in South Africa, 1982. ...

Brundage is also remembered for his proposal of elimination of ALL team sports from the Summer Olympics. He also wanted to eliminate the Winter Olympics entirely. Some say this marked the beginning of the end of Brundage's presidency. Note that the IOC presidents at this time were appointed, not elected. Proposal of such a radical amendment of the Olympic Charter would never pass the general assembly of the IOC, and would most likely mark an end of the president's tenure in office, as the general assembly would most likely move for a Vote Of No Confidence. Considering his actions during the 1972 Summer Olympics, it is rumored that he was informed that such a vote was pending. The Summer Olympic Games are an international multi-sport event held every four years, organised by the International Olympic Committee. ... A runner carries the Olympic torch The Winter Olympic Games, Winter Olympics for short but more correctly The Olympic Winter Games, are the cold-weather counterpart to the Summer Olympic Games. ... The 1972 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad, were held in Munich, West Germany, from 26 August to 11 September 1972. ...

Brundage retired as IOC president following the 1972 Summer Games. He is, thus far, the only American to hold the office of the IOC President. 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ...

In addition to his role in sports, Brundage was a noted collector of Asian art. During his lifetime, and by bequest on his death, he gave a massive collection of works of art to the city of San Francisco, California. This collection formed the nucleus (and, as of 2003, still accounts for over half the contents) of the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, initially founded to house and display his donation. World map showing the location of Asia. ... Nickname: The City by the Bay; Fog City Location of the City and County of San Francisco, California Coordinates: City-County San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom (D) Area    - City 600. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Samurai armour on display. ...

Brundage died in 1975, three years after his retirement as IOC president, in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany. A long time Chicago resident he is buried in the well known northside Rosehill Cemetery. His grave site has been the target of recent Jewish activists who painted "The People of Israel Lives" in Hebrew on the grass in front of his tombstone apparently in protest at his perceived pro-Nazi sympathies and his attitude to the attack on Israelis during the 1972 Munich games. 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... Garmisch-Partenkirchen (29,875 inhabitants; 01-01-2004) is a market town, and the administrative centre of the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, in the Oberbayern region of Bavaria, Germany, near the border with Austria. ...

Brundage's hometown, Chicago, currently is considered the frontrunner in the 2016 Summer Olympics bid. The host city of the 2016 Summer Olympics will be announced in Copenhagen in 2009. ...

External links

• Shirley Povich: Berlin, 1936 At the Olympics, Achievements of the Brave in a Year of Cowardice (Washington Post, July 6th, 1996)
• The Work of the Executive Board
• Kirsten Anderberg: More Raised Black Fists at Olympics Ceremonies
• The Olympic Movement and the End of the Cold War World Affairs