NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Avian Flu

Avian influenza (also bird flu) is the collective term for influenza from viruses adapted to birds. Sometimes the term is mistakenly used to refer to specific Influenza A subtypes, or to the specific viruses that cause the disease (see Virus versus disease).^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or simply H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus which can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... The global spread of H5N1 in birds is considered a significant pandemic threat. ... See Epidemiology of WHO-confirmed human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1) infection. ... Image File history File links Flu_und_legende_color_c. ... Influenza, commonly known as flu, is an infectious disease of birds and mammals caused by an RNA virus of the family Orthomyxoviridae (the influenza viruses). ... Genera Influenzavirus A Influenzavirus B Influenzavirus C Isavirus Thogotovirus The Orthomyxoviridae are a family of RNA viruses which infect vertebrates. ... Avian influenza (also known as bird flu, avian flu, influenzavirus A flu, type A flu, or genus A flu) is a flu (influenza) due to a type of influenza virus that is hosted by birds, but may infect several species of mammals. ... Flu season is mostly a colloquial term used to describe the regular outbreak in flu cases, or even cases of the common cold during the late fall or winter. ... Flu research includes molecular virology, pathogenesis, host immune responses, genomics, and epidemiology. ... Model of Influenza Virus from NIH The flu vaccine is a vaccine to protect against the highly variable influenza virus. ... This article is about flu treatment in humans for mild human flu, which includes both efforts to reduce symptoms and to battle the flu virus itself. ... The Influenza Genome Sequencing Project is funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) which is a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. ... Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or simply H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus which can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... Influenza, commonly known as flu, is an infectious disease of birds and mammals caused by an RNA virus of the family Orthomyxoviridae (the influenza viruses). ... This article is about biological infectious particles. ... For other uses, see Bird (disambiguation). ... Genera Influenzavirus A Influenzavirus B Influenzavirus C Isavirus Thogotovirus Influenzavirus A is a genus of a family of viruses called Orthomyxoviridae in virus classification. ... Genera Influenzavirus A Influenzavirus B Influenzavirus C Isavirus Thogotovirus The Orthomyxoviridae are a family of RNA viruses which infect vertebrates. ...

Virus

"Bird flu" is one of many different types of influenza that are typically named after the preferred host organism for the virus, other similarily named influenzas are "Swine flu", "Dog flu", "Horse flu", and "Human flu". Avian influenza differs slightly as it is named after an an entire vertebrate class with 8,800–10,200 species. All known viruses that cause avian influenza belong to the species of virus called Influenzavirus A^{[citation needed]}. Influenzavirus A are predominantly adapted to birds^{[citation needed]}, which is why for many purposes avian flu virus is the Influenza A virus^{[citation needed]} (note that the "A" does not stand for "avian"^{[citation needed]}). Swine Flu is a form of Type A influenza that is normally virulent only in pigs. ... Canine influenza or dog flu refers to varieties of influenzavirus A that affect dogs. ... Horse flu (or Equine influenza) refers to varieties of influenzavirus A that are endemic in horses. ... Human Flu refers to a subset of Orthomyxoviridae that create influenza in humans and are endemic in humans. ... For other meanings of bird, see bird (disambiguation). ... Genera Influenzavirus A Influenzavirus B Influenzavirus C Isavirus Thogotovirus Influenzavirus A is a genus of the family of viruses called Orthomyxoviridae in virus classification. ...

Adaptation is sometimes partial or multiple so a flu virus strain can be partially adapted to a species or adapted to more than one species^{[citation needed]}. Influenza pandemic viruses are human adapted and also bird adapted. Being adapted to one species does not mean another species can not catch it; nor does it mean it can not adapt to another species. An influenza pandemic is a large scale epidemic of the influenza virus, such as the 1918 Spanish flu. ...

Genetics

Genetic factors in distinguishing between "human flu viruses" and "avian flu viruses" include:

This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Phenylalanine is one of the standard amino acids. ... A residue, broadly, is anything left behind by a reaction or event. ... Ribonucleic acid or RNA is a nucleic acid polymer consisting of nucleotide monomers that plays several important roles in the processes that translate genetic information from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into protein products; RNA acts as a messenger between DNA and the protein synthesis complexes known as ribosomes, forms vital portions... Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or simply H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus which can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... Glutamic acid (Glu, E), is the protonated form of glutamate (the anion). ... Lysine is one of the 20 amino acids normally found in proteins. ... Hemagglutinin, as depicted in a simplified molecular model. ... Sialic acid is a generic term for the N- or O-substituted derivatives of neuraminic acid, a nine-carbon monosaccharide. ... Swine Flu refers to a subset of Orthomyxoviridae that create influenza in pigs and are endemic in pigs. ...

Symptoms

Once diagnosed, the symptoms of bird flu include, coughing, running nose, drowsiness, along with many others. If not cured rapidly, the symptoms can get worse, possibly resulting in paralysis, and sometimes death.

Influenza pandemic

Pandemic flu viruses have some avian flu virus genes and usually some human flu virus genes. Both the H2N2 and H3N2 pandemic strains contained genes from avian influenza viruses. The new subtypes arose in pigs coinfected with avian and human viruses and were soon transferred to humans. Swine were considered the original "intermediate host" for influenza, because they supported reassortment of divergent subtypes. However, other hosts appear capable of similar coinfection (e.g., many poultry species), and direct transmission of avian viruses to humans is possible. The Spanish flu virus strain may have been transmitted directly from birds to humans.^[8] An influenza pandemic is a large scale epidemic of the influenza virus, such as the 1918 Spanish flu. ... Human Flu refers to a subset of Orthomyxoviridae that create influenza in humans and are endemic in humans. ... The Asian Flu was a pandemic outbreak of influenza that originated in China in 1957 and spread worldwide that same year. ... H3N2 is a subtype of the species Influenza A virus (sometimes called bird flu virus). ...

In spite of their pandemic connection, avian influenza viruses are noninfectious for most species. When they are infectious they are usually asymptomatic, so the carrier does not have any disease from it. Thus while infected with an avian flu virus, the animal doesn't have a "flu". Typically, when illness (called "flu") from an avian flu virus does occur, it is the result of an avian flu virus strain adapted to one species spreading to another species (usually from one bird species to another bird species). So far as is known, the most common result of this is an illness so minor as to be not worth noticing (and thus little studied). But with the domestication of chickens and turkeys, humans have created species subtypes (domesticated poultry) that can catch an avian flu virus adapted to waterfowl and have it rapidly mutate into a form that kills in days over 90% of an entire flock and spread to other flocks and kill 90% of them and can only be stopped by killing every domestic bird in the area. Until H5N1 infected humans in the 1990s, this was the only reason avian flu was considered important. Since then, avian flu viruses have been intensively studied; resulting in changes in what is believed about flu pandemics, changes in poultry farming, changes in flu vaccination research, and changes in flu pandemic planning. Respiratory disease properly named influenza(say: in-floo-en-zah ). Some specific varities of influenza with a vaccination available are: A-New Caledonia, A-California, B-Shanghai. ... For other uses, see Bird (disambiguation). ... Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or simply H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus which can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ...

H5N1 has evolved into a flu virus strain that infects more species than any previously known flu virus strain, is deadlier than any previously known flu virus strain, and continues to evolve becoming both more widespread and more deadly causing a leading expert on avian flu to publish an article titled "The world is teetering on the edge of a pandemic that could kill a large fraction of the human population" in American Scientist. He called for adequate resources to fight what he sees as a major world threat to possibly billions of lives.^[9] Since the article was written, the world community has spent billions of dollars fighting this threat with limited success^{[citation needed]}. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or simply H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus which can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... Robert G. (Rob) Webster (born May 7, 1932), in Balclutha New Zealand, is the virologist who in 1957 was the first to announce a link between human flu and bird flu. ... American Scientist (ISSN 0003-0996) is an illustrated bimonthly magazine about science and technology. ...

H5N1

As of 2007, "avian flu" is being commonly used^{[citation needed]} to refer to infection from a particular subtype of Influenza A virus, H5N1, which can cause severe illness in humans who are infected. This strain is transmitted through contact with infected birds, but has only been transmitted from one person to another in a few cases. H5N1 flu is therefore not at pandemic now and is not currently capable of causing a pandemic^{[citation needed]}. Only if H5N1 mutates into a form that can be readily transmitted from one person to another could it cause a pandemic^{[citation needed]}. The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. ... Generally, regression is related to moving backwards, and the opposite of progression. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or simply H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus which can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ...

On August 22, 2007, an Indonesian woman, 28, chicken trader was the 2nd person to die of bird flu on Bali, raising the death toll in the nation due to the disease to 84 (after 4 days of hospitalization). Tests in 2 local laboratories was positive for the H5N1 strain of the disease. 194 people — the majority of them in Indonesia died since 2003, according to the World Health Organization. ^[10] is the 234th day of the year (235th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... Avian influenza (also known as bird flu) is a type of influenza virulent in birds. ... This article is about the Indonesian island. ... Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or simply H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus which can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. ...

See also

Genera Influenzavirus A Influenzavirus B Influenzavirus C Isavirus Thogotovirus Influenzavirus A is a genus of the family of viruses called Orthomyxoviridae in virus classification. ... An influenza pandemic is a large scale epidemic of the influenza virus, such as the 1918 Spanish flu. ... The Influenza Genome Sequencing Project is funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) which is a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. ... Model of Influenza Virus from NIH The flu vaccine is a vaccine to protect against the highly variable influenza virus. ... Flu research includes molecular virology, pathogenesis, host immune responses, and epidemiology. ... OFFLU is the OIE/FAO Network of Expertise on Avian Influenza. ... President George W. Bush announced the International Partnership on Avian and Pandemic Influenza in his remarks to the High-Level Plenary Meeting of the United Nations General Assembly on September 14, 2005, in New York. ... The Pandemic Preparedness and Response Act is a bill introduced on October 5, 2005 by Democratic Senators Harry Reid, Evan Bayh, Dick Durbin, Ted Kennedy, Barack Obama, and Tom Harkin in response to the growing threat of an outbreak of the Avian Flu. ... H1N1 is a subtype of the species Influenza A virus (sometimes called bird flu virus). ... H1N2 is a subtype of the species avian influenza virus (bird flu virus) currently endemic in both human and pig populations. ... The Asian Flu was a pandemic outbreak of influenza that originated in China in 1957 and spread worldwide that same year. ... H3N2 is a subtype of the species Influenza A virus (sometimes called bird flu virus). ... H3N8 is a subtype of the species avian influenza virus (bird flu virus). ... Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or simply H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus which can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... H5N2 is a strain of avian influenza virus. ... H5N3 is a subtype of the species Influenza A virus (sometimes called bird flu virus). ... H5N8 is a subtype of the species Influenzavirus A (avian influenza virus or bird flu virus). ... H5N9 is a subtype of the species Influenzavirus A (avian influenza virus or bird flu virus). ... H5N8 is a subtype of the species Influenzavirus A (avian influenza virus or bird flu virus). ... H7N1 is a subtype of the species Influenzavirus A (avian influenza virus or bird flu virus). ... H7N2 is a subtype of the species avian influenza virus (bird flu virus). ... H7N3 is a subtype of the species avian influenza virus (bird flu virus). ... H7N4 is a subtype of the species Influenzavirus A (avian influenza virus or bird flu virus). ... H7N7 is a subtype of the species avian influenza virus (bird flu virus). ... H9N2 is a subtype of the species avian influenza virus (bird flu virus). ... H10N7 is a subtype of the species avian influenza virus (bird flu virus). ...

Sources and notes

The Influenza Genome Sequencing Project is funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) which is a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. ... The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. ... is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The New England Journal of Medicine (New Engl J Med or NEJM) is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by the Massachusetts Medical Society. ... Antigenic drift refers to mutations in the influenza virus over time. ... A pathogen (literally birth of pain from the Greek παθογένεια) is a biological agent that can cause disease to its host. ... Robert G. (Rob) Webster (born May 7, 1932), in Balclutha New Zealand, is the virologist who in 1957 was the first to announce a link between human flu and bird flu. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...

External links

Categories: Cleanup from September 2007 | All pages needing cleanup | Wikipedia articles needing style editing | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements since September 2007 | Bird diseases | Influenza | H5N1 Image File history File links WikiNews-Logo. ... Wikinews is a free-content news source and a project of the Wikimedia Foundation. ... Google Earth is a virtual globe program that was originally called Earth Viewer and was created by Keyhole, Inc. ... Nature is one of the most prominent scientific journals, first published on 4 November 1869. ... Influenza, commonly known as flu, is an infectious disease of birds and mammals caused by an RNA virus of the family Orthomyxoviridae (the influenza viruses). ... Flu research includes molecular virology, pathogenesis, host immune responses, and epidemiology. ... Model of Influenza Virus from NIH The flu vaccine is a vaccine to protect against the highly variable influenza virus. ... This article is about flu treatment in humans for mild human flu, which includes both efforts to reduce symptoms and to battle the flu virus itself. ... The Influenza Genome Sequencing Project is funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) which is a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. ... Genera Influenzavirus A Influenzavirus B Influenzavirus C Isavirus Thogotovirus The Orthomyxoviridae are a family of RNA viruses which infect vertebrates. ... Genera Influenzavirus A Influenzavirus B Influenzavirus C Isavirus Thogotovirus Influenzavirus A is a genus of the family of viruses called Orthomyxoviridae in virus classification. ... Influenzavirus B is a genus in the virus family Orthomyxoviridae. ... Influenzavirus C is a genus in the virus family Orthomyxoviridae. ... H1N1 is a subtype of the species Influenza A virus (sometimes called bird flu virus). ... H1N2 is a subtype of the species avian influenza virus (bird flu virus) currently endemic in both human and pig populations. ... The Asian Flu was a pandemic outbreak of influenza that originated in China in 1957 and spread worldwide that same year. ... H3N2 is a subtype of the species Influenza A virus (sometimes called bird flu virus). ... H3N8 is a subtype of the species avian influenza virus (bird flu virus). ... Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or simply H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus which can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... H5N2 is a strain of avian influenza virus. ... H5N3 is a subtype of the species Influenza A virus (sometimes called bird flu virus). ... H5N8 is a subtype of the species Influenzavirus A (avian influenza virus or bird flu virus). ... H5N9 is a subtype of the species Influenzavirus A (avian influenza virus or bird flu virus). ... H7N1 is a subtype of the species Influenzavirus A (avian influenza virus or bird flu virus). ... H7N2 is a subtype of the species avian influenza virus (bird flu virus). ... H7N3 is a subtype of the species avian influenza virus (bird flu virus). ... H7N4 is a subtype of the species Influenzavirus A (avian influenza virus or bird flu virus). ... H7N7 is a subtype of the species avian influenza virus (bird flu virus). ... H9N2 is a subtype of the species avian influenza virus (bird flu virus). ... H10N7 is a subtype of the species avian influenza virus (bird flu virus). ... Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or simply H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus which can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... H5N1 genetic structure refers to the molecular structure of the H5N1 viruss RNA. H5N1 is an Influenza A virus subtype. ... See Epidemiology of WHO-confirmed human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1) infection. ... The global spread of H5N1 in birds is considered a significant pandemic threat. ... H5N1 clinical trials are clinical trials concerning H5N1 vaccine; which is to say they are investigations concerning H5N1 vaccine in humans intended to discover pharmacological effects and identify any adverse reactions. ... The thin line represents average mortality of recent cases. ... Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used specifically for treating viral infections. ... Arbidol (Russian Cyrillic ÐÑ€Ð±Ð¸Ð´Ð¾Ð») is an antiviral drug manufactured by Masterlek in Moscow, Russia. ... Adamantane (Tricyclo[3. ... Amantadine, 1-aminoadamantane, is an antiviral drug that was approved by the FDA in 1976 for the treatment of influenza type A in adults. ... Rimantadine (systematic name 1-(1-aminoethyl)adamantane) is an orally administered medicine used to treat, and in rare cases prevent, Influenzavirus A infection. ... Neuraminidase inhibitors are a class of antiviral drugs, whose mode of action relies on blocking the function of viral neuraminidase protein, thus preventing the virus from budding from the host cell. ... Oseltamivir (INN) (IPA: ) is an antiviral drug that is used in the treatment and prophylaxis of both Influenzavirus A and Influenzavirus B. Like zanamivir, oseltamivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor. ... Peramivir is a pharmaceutical drug used to viral infections. ... Zanamivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor used in the treatment of and prophylaxis of both influenza A and influenza B. Zanamivir was the first neuraminidase inhibitor commercially developed. ... Peramivir is a pharmaceutical drug used to viral infections. ... Model of Influenza Virus from NIH The flu vaccine is a vaccine to protect against the highly variable influenza virus. ... FluMist is the product name of a nasal spray vaccine against the flu virus. ... A 5cc vial of Fluzone Fluzone is the commercial name of a influenza virus vaccine, distributed by Aventis Pasteur, USA. It is a split-virus vaccine, which is produced by chemical disruption of the influenza virus. ... An influenza pandemic is a large scale epidemic of the influenza virus, such as the 1918 Spanish flu. ... The Avian Flu was a pandemic outbreak of influenza that originated in China in 1957 and spread worldwide that same year. ... The Hong Kong Flu was a pandemic outbreak of influenza that began in Hong Kong in 1968 and spread to the United States of America that year. ... The 1918 flu pandemic, commonly referred to as the Spanish flu, was a category 5 influenza pandemic caused by an unusually severe and deadly Influenza A virus strain of subtype H1N1. ... See H5N1 flu and Flu for details about the illnesses and H5N1 and H3N2 for details about the causitive agents. ... The Pandemic Severity Index (PSI) is a scale or index created in January 2007 by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) designed to mimic the system for indexing the severity of hurricanes (which is the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale for tropical cyclones). ... Canine influenza or dog flu refers to varieties of influenzavirus A that affect dogs. ... Horse flu (or Equine influenza) refers to varieties of influenzavirus A that are endemic in horses. ... Swine Flu is a form of Type A influenza that is normally virulent only in pigs. ... This article is about biological infectious particles. ... // A00-A79 - Bacterial infections, and other intestinal infectious diseases, and STDs (A00-A09) Intestinal infectious diseases (A00) Cholera (A01) Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers (A010) Typhoid fever (A02) Other Salmonella infections (A03) Shigellosis (A04) Other bacterial intestinal infections (A040) Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection (A045) Campylobacter enteritis (A046) Enteritis due to Yersinia... A diagram showing the CNS: 1. ... This article is about the disease. ... Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that frequently affects survivors of poliomyelitis, a viral infection of the nervous system, after recovery from an initial paralytic attack of the virus. ... Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare chronic, progressive encephalitis that affects primarily children and young adults, caused by defective measles virus (which can be a result of a mutation of the virus itself). ... Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), also known as progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis, is a rare and usually fatal viral disease that is characterized by progressive damage (-pathy) or inflammation (-itis) of the white matter (leuko-) of the brain (-encephalo-) at multiple locations (multifocal). ... Encephalitis lethargica (EL) is an atypical form of encephalitis. ... Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM), is a rodent-borne viral infectious disease that presents as aseptic meningitis, encephalitis or meningoencephalitis. ... Tick-borne meningoencephalitis or Tick-borne encephalitis is a tick-borne viral infection of the central nervous system affecting humans as well as most other mammals. ... Tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) is an infection of the spinal cord by Human T-lymphotropic virus resulting in paraparesis or weakness of the legs. ... Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a group of illnesses that are caused by several distinct families of viruses: Arenavirus, Filoviridae, Bunyaviridae and Flavivirus. ... Dengue fever (IPA: ) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are acute febrile diseases, found in the tropics, with a geographical spread similar to malaria. ... Chikungunya is a relatively rare form of viral fever caused by an alphavirus that is spread by mosquito bites from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, though recent research by the Pasteur Institute in Paris claims the virus has suffered a mutation that enables it to be transmitted by Aedes albopictus (Tiger mosquito). ... Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a viral zoonosis (affects primarily domestic livestock, but can be passed to humans) causing fever. ... Species JunÃn virus Argentine hemorrhagic fever, known locally as mal de los rastrojos, is a hemorrhagic fever and zoonotic infectious disease occurring in Argentina. ... Species Machupo virus Bolivian hemorrhagic fever (BHF), also known as black typhus or Machupo virus, is a hemorrhagic fever and zoonotic infectious disease occurring in Bolivia. ... Lassa fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic fever first described in 1969 in the Nigerian town of Lassa in the Yedseram River valley. ... Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a widespread tick-borne viral disease, a zoonosis of domestic animals and wild animals, that may affect humans. ... Omsk hemorrhagic fever is a viral hemorrhagic fever caused by a Flavivirus. ... Kyasanur forest disease is a tick-borne viral hemorrhagic fever endemic to South Asia. ... The Marburg virus is the causative agent of Marburg hemorrhagic fever. ... For other uses, see Ebola (disambiguation). ... Beyond overall skin structure, refer below to: See-also. ... The mucous membranes (or mucosae; singular: mucosa) are linings of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, and are involved in absorption and secretion. ... Skin lesions caused by Chickenpox A lesion is any abnormal tissue found on or in an organism, usually damaged by disease or trauma. ... This article is about the disease. ... South Park episode, see Chickenpox (South Park episode). ... Herpes zoster, colloquially known as shingles, is the reactivation (from the general area of the spinal cord) of varicella zoster virus (VZV, primary infection of which leads to chickenpox), one of the Herpesviridae group, leading to a crop of painful blisters over the area of a dermatome. ... Smallpox (also known by the Latin names Variola or Variola vera) is a contagious disease unique to humans. ... Monkeypox is a disease caused by the Monkeypox virus. ... Rubella, commonly known as German measles, is a disease caused by the rubella virus. ... A plantar wart (verruca pedis, VP; also commonly called a verruca) is a wart caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). ... Cowpox is a disease of the skin caused by a virus (Cowpox virus) that is related to the Vaccinia virus. ... Vaccinia virus (VACV or VV) is a large, complex enveloped virus belonging to the poxvirus family of viruses. ... Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a viral infection of the skin or occasionally of the mucous membranes. ... species Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) Exanthem subitum (meaning sudden rash), also referred to as roseola infantum (or rose rash of infants), sixth disease and (confusingly) baby measles, or three day fever, is a benign disease of children, generally under two years old, whose manifestations... Fifth disease is also referred to as erythema infectiosum (meaning infectious redness) and as slapped cheek syndrome, slap face or slapped face. ... Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is caused by a number of enteroviruses in the family Picornaviridae. ... Not to be confused with hand, foot and mouth disease. ... Hepatitis (plural hepatitides) implies injury to liver characterised by presence of inflammatory cells in the liver tissue. ... Hepatitis A (formerly known as infectious hepatitis) is an acute infectious liver disease caused by the hepatovirus hepatitis A virus. ... Hepatitis B is an inflammation of the liver and is caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a member of the Hepadnavirus family[1] and one of hundreds of unrelated viral species which cause viral hepatitis. ... This page is for the disease. ... Hepatitis E is an acute viral hepatitis (liver inflammation) caused by infection with a virus called hepatitis E virus (HEV). ... The Respiratory System Among four-legged animals, the respiratory system generally includes tubes, such as the bronchi, used to carry air to the lungs, where gas exchange takes place. ... Acute viral nasopharyngitis, often known as the common cold, is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory system (nose and throat). ... Influenza, commonly known as flu, is an infectious disease of birds and mammals caused by an RNA virus of the family Orthomyxoviridae (the influenza viruses). ... Severe acute respiratory syndrome or SARS is a respiratory disease in humans which is caused by the SARS coronavirus. ... Viral pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung caused by a virus. ... Species see text Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (from the Greek cyto-, cell, and -mega-, large) is a viral genus of the Herpesviruses group: in humans it is commonly known as human herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5). ... Bornholm disease or pleurodynia is a disease caused by the Coxsackie virus. ... Species Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Human immunodeficiency virus 2 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS, a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections). ... Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS or Aids) is a collection of symptoms and infections resulting from the specific damage to the immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). ... AIDS dementia complex (ADC; also known as HIV dementia, HIV encephalopathy and HIV-associated dementia) has become a common neurological disorder associated with HIV infection and AIDS. It is is a metabolic encephalopathy induced by HIV infection and fueled by immune activation of brain macrophages and microglia. ... Genital warts (or Condyloma, Condylomata acuminata, or venereal warts) is a highly contagious sexually transmitted infection. ...

Contents

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