Robert of Geneva (1342-16 September 1394) was elected to the papacy as Pope Clement VII by the French cardinals who opposed Urban VI, and was the first Avignon antipope of the Western Schism. Events May - Pope Clement VI elected John III Comnenus becomes emperor of Trebizond Louis becomes king of Sicily and duke of Athens Constantine IV becomes king of Armenia Patriarch of Antioch transferred to Damascus under Ignatius II Kitzbühel becomes part of Tyrol Louis I becomes king of Hungary Births... September 16 is the 259th day of the year (260th in leap years). ... // Events Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, travels with King Richard II of England to Ireland. ... A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official in the Roman Catholic Church, ranking just below the Pope and appointed by him as a member of the College of Cardinals during a consistory. ... Urban VI, né Bartolomeo Prignano ( 1318 – October 15, 1389), pope (1378 to 1389), was a native of Naples. ... The Papal palace in Avignon In the history of the Roman Catholic Church, the Avignon Papacy was the period from 1305 to 1378 during which the Bishop of Rome, the Pope, lived in Avignon (now a part of France) rather than in Rome. ... Antipope Felix V, the last historical Antipope. ... Historical map of the Western Schism The Western Schism or Papal Schism (Also known as the Great Schism of Western Christianity) was a split within the Catholic Church in 1378. ...

He was the son of Amadeus III, Count of Geneva, of the House of Savoy, and was born in Geneva. He became the Bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, Archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and a cardinal in 1371. Amadeus III (1095 - 1148) was a Count of Savoy (1103-1148). ... The House of Savoy was a dynasty of nobles who traditionally had their domain in Savoy, a region between Piedmont, Italy, France and French-speaking Switzerland. ... Geneva (French: Genève) is the second-most populous city in Switzerland located where Lake Geneva (French: Lac Léman, but the Genevois and Genevoise are fond of calling it Lac de Genève) empties into the Rhône River. ... A bishop is an ordained member of the Christian clergy who, in certain Christian churches, holds a position of authority. ... Thérouanne is a commune of northern France. ... Events Founding of the University of Pavia, Italy. ... In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop heading a diocese of particular importance due to either its size, history, or both, called an archdiocese. ... Cambrai (Dutch: Kamerijk) is a French city and commune, in the Nord département, of which it is a sous_préfecture. ... Events Timur ascends throne of Samarkand. ... A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official in the Roman Catholic Church, ranking just below the Pope and appointed by him as a member of the College of Cardinals during a consistory. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Go-Kogon of Japan, fourth of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders Start of the reign of Emperor Go-Enyu of Japan, fifth and last of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders Charterhouse Carthusian Monastery founded in Aldersgate, London. ...

In 1377, while serving as a papal legate, he personally commanded troops lent to the papacy by the condottiere John Hawkwood to reduce the small city of Cesena in the territory of Forli, which resisted being added to the Patrimony of Peter for the second time in a generation; there he oversaw the massacre of 4000 civilians, an atrocity even by the rules of war at the time, which earned him the nickname butcher of Cesena. Events January 17 – Gregory XI enters Rome. ... Condottieri were mercenary leaders employed by Italian city-states from the late Middle Ages until the mid-fifteenth century. ... Sir John Hawkwood (1320-1394) was an English mercenary or condottiere known to Jean Froissart as Haccoude and to Macchiavelli as Giovanni Acuto. ... Cesena (ancient Caesena) is a city in the Italy, south of Ravenna and west of Rimini, on the Savio River, population (july 2004) 93,110, co-chief of the Province of Forli-Cesena. ... Forlì (44°13′ N 12°02′ E)is a city in Emilia-Romagna, Italy. ... The Papal States (Gli Stati della Chiesa or Stati Pontificii, States of the Church) was one of the major historical states of Italy before the boot-shaped peninsula was unified under the Piedmontese crown of Savoy (later a republic). ...

From 1305 through 1377 the popes resided in Avignon, France, during the period of the Avignon Papacy, later referred to disparagingly as the Babylonian Captivity of the Church. In 1378, Gregory XI, through the encouragement of Catherine of Siena, had decided to experiment with the return of the papacy to Rome. Though he deemed the experiment a failure, shortly after his arrival, he died. Papal law decreed that the new pope must be chosen where the old pope died, so the new pope would be chosen in Rome. A Roman mob assembled and threatened violence against the cardinals if an Italian were not elected pontiff. As a cardinal Robert of Geneva voted to elect Archbishop Bartolomeo Prignano of Bar (who was not a Cardinal) as Pope Urban VI on 8 April 1378. Urban, however, was at odds with the cardinals from the beginning of his reign. Robert and thirteen French cardinals formed a coalition which sought to replace Urban by declaring his election invalid, since the conclave had been held under threat of mob violence, and held another election in which Robert was elected to the papacy at Fondi on 20 September 1378. France, Scotland, Castile, Aragon, Navarre, Portugal, Denmark, some German states, Norway, and Savoy acknowledged him as pope, but the Italians did not, supporting the opposing papacy of Urban VI. Robert consequently set up court at Avignon as Pope Clement VII. He granted most of the Papal States to Louis II of Anjou. Events Wenceslas III becomes king of Bohemia The Papacy removed to France following riots in the Papal State. ... Events January 17 – Gregory XI enters Rome. ... Coat of arms of Avignon Avignon (pronounced in IPA, Provençal: Avignoun) is a commune in southern France with some 88,300 inhabitants in the city itself and 155,500 in the Greater Avignon area. ... The Papal palace in Avignon In the history of the Roman Catholic Church, the Avignon Papacy was the period from 1305 to 1378 during which the Bishop of Rome, the Pope, lived in Avignon (now a part of France) rather than in Rome. ... The Avignon papacy refers to a period in the history of the Roman Catholic Church from 1305 to 1378 when the seat of the pope was moved from Rome to Avignon. ... Events March - John Wyclif tried to gain public favour by laying his theses before parliament, and then made them public in a tract. ... Gregory XI, né Pierre Roger de Beaufort (ca. ... St. ... City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC mythical, 1st millennium BC Region Latium Mayor Walter Veltroni (Left-Wing Democrats) Area  - City Proper  1290 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 2,546,807 almost 4,000,000 1... Urban VI, né Bartolomeo Prignano ( 1318 – October 15, 1389), pope (1378 to 1389), was a native of Naples. ... April 8 is the 98th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (99th in leap years). ... Events March - John Wyclif tried to gain public favour by laying his theses before parliament, and then made them public in a tract. ... The Sistine Chapel is the location of the conclave. ... Fondi is a small town in Italy, halfway between Rome and Naples. ... September 20 is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years). ... Events March - John Wyclif tried to gain public favour by laying his theses before parliament, and then made them public in a tract. ... Royal motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (Latin: No one provokes me with impunity) (Scots: Wha daur meddle wi me) Scotlands location within the UK Languages with Official Status1 English Gaelic Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow First Minister Jack McConnell Area - Total - % water Ranked 2nd UK 78,782 km² 1. ... A former kingdom of Spain, Castile comprises the two regions of Old Castile in north-western Spain, and New Castile in the centre of the country. ... Capital Zaragoza Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 4th  47 719 km²  9,4% Population  â€“ Total (2003)  â€“ % of Spain  â€“ Density Ranked 11th  1 217 514  2,9%  25,51/km² Demonym  â€“ English  â€“ Spanish  Aragonese  aragonés Statute of Autonomy August 16, 1982 ISO 3166-2 AR Parliamentary representation  â€“ Congress seats  â€“ Senate... Navarre (Spanish Navarra, Basque Nafarroa) is an autonomous community and province of Spain. ... This article is about the historical region of Savoy. ... Coat of arms of Avignon Avignon (pronounced in IPA, Provençal: Avignoun) is a commune in southern France with some 88,300 inhabitants in the city itself and 155,500 in the Greater Avignon area. ... The Angevin French prince, Louis II of Anjou (1377 - 1417) was the rival of Ladislas as king of Naples. ...

Robert of Geneva thus initiated the Western Schism, the second of the two periods sometimes referred to as the Great Schism, which lasted until 1417. Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than enumerated as a pope. Historical map of the Western Schism The Western Schism or Papal Schism (Also known as the Great Schism of Western Christianity) was a split within the Catholic Church in 1378. ... Events Antipope Benedict XIII is deposed, and Pope Martin V is elected. ...

Uncertainty over who the legitimate pope might be during the time of the Western Schism gave rise to the legal theory called Conciliarism, which claimed that a general council of the Church was superior to the Pope and could therefore judge between rival claimants. In the history of Christianity, the Conciliar movement or Conciliarism was a reform movement in the 14th and 15th century Catholic Church that held that final authority in spiritual matters resided with a general church council, not with the pope. ...

See also: other popes named Clement. There have been fourteen popes named Clement. ...