The Avro C102 Jetliner was a Canadian prototype medium-range jet airliner built by Avro Canada in 1949. It was beaten into the air by only 13 days by the de Havilland Comet, thereby becoming the second jetliner in the world, yet the name "Jetliner" was more catchy and for many years all such aircraft were colloquially given that name. The aircraft was considered suitable for busy routes along the US eastern seaboard and garnered intense interest, notably from Howard Hughes who even offered to start production under license. However continued delays in Avro's all-weather interceptor project, the Avro CF-100, led to an order to stop working on the project in 1951, with the prototype Jetliner later cut up for scrap. Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing, building, testing, selling, and maintaining aircraft, aircraft parts, missiles, rockets, and/or spacecraft. ... The Maiden flight of an aircraft is the first occasion on which an aircraft leaves the ground of its own accord. ... (Redirected from 10 August) August 10 is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... This is a list of aviation-related events from 1949: Events Aerolíneas Argentinas established. ... Air Canada Boeing 767 Air Canada Airbus A330 Another Air Canada A330 Air Canada is Canadas flag air carrier and recognised as one of the worlds safest airlines. ... An Airbus A340 airliner operated by Air Jamaica An airliner is a large fixed-wing aircraft with the primary function of transporting paying passengers. ... Avro Aircraft Canada was a Canadian aircraft manufacturing company, known for their innovative designs, including the famed Avro Arrow fighter. ... This article is about the de Havilland Comet jet airliner. ... For the Welsh murderer, see Howard Hughes (murderer). ... A Canadian Forces CF-100 Mk. ...

Design and development

The C102 had been designed by Chief Designer James C. Floyd for the Trans Canada Airlines (TCA) requirement of 1946. The requirement called for a 36-seat aircraft with a cruising speed of 425 miles per hour (684 km/h), a range of 1,200 miles (1,900 km), an average distance between stops of 250 miles (400 km) and longest single flight of 500 miles (800 km). The difference between the range and maximum airport distances was to allow for the required 45 minutes stacking and flight to get to a 120 mile (190 km) distant alternate airport in a 20 mph (30 km/h) headwind. The aircraft also needed to be able to operate from existing 4,000 ft (1,200 m) runways. James C. Floyd Stands next to the Avro Arrow Replica James Charles, Jim, Floyd - born 20 October 1914 in Manchester, England. ... Air Canada Boeing 767 Air Canada Airbus A330 Another Air Canada A330 Air Canada is Canadas flag air carrier and recognised as one of the worlds safest airlines. ...

Although bearing some resemblance to the Avro Tudor (which spawned the experimental Avro Ashton) ^[1], from the outset, Floyd's design was conceived as a commercial jet airliner. Initially it was planned that the plane was to be powered by two Rolls-Royce Avon engines, then still in early testing and known as the AJ65. However, the British were not willing to release the new engines to a foreign company for a civilian airliner after the embarrassment of the Rolls-Royce Nene engine being sold to the USSR. Consequently, the decision was made to replace the two engines with four less powerful engines. This, in turn, led to TCA pulling out of the program due to the increased maintenance costs, leaving it without an initial customer. Nevertheless, Avro continued with its plan to build the jet, selecting Rolls-Royce Derwents to replace the Avons. The Avro Tudor was a piston-engined airliner based on the Avro Lincoln bomber, itself a descendent of the famous Avro Lancaster. ... Experimental Related to experiment it is refered to ideas or techniques not yet stablished or finalized involving innovation. ... The Avro Ashton was a prototype jet airliner made by Avro during the 1950s As the Avro Type 706, the Ashton was a four jet engined research aeroplane powered by Rolls-Royce Nene engines paired in wing nacelles. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The Rolls-Royce Avon turbojet was developed by Cyril Lovesey who had previously been in charge of Merlin development at Rolls-Royce. ... The Nene or RB.41, was Rolls-Royces third jet engine to enter production, designed and built in an astonishingly short five month period in 1944, first running on October 27th, 1944. ... The Derwent was the second jet engine design to be put into production by Rolls-Royce. ...

Rolls-Royce Derwent Engine, used in the Avro Jetliner

ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2167x1644, 2459 KB) Built in Malton, Ontario, this type of engine powered the Avro Jetliner of the 1950s. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2167x1644, 2459 KB) Built in Malton, Ontario, this type of engine powered the Avro Jetliner of the 1950s. ...

Testing

Two years later, the first prototype, CF-EJD (-X), started making taxiing tests, and first flew 10 August 1949, only 25 months after the design had started, and only 13 days after the first flight of the DH Comet. On its second flight, on 16 August, the landing gear failed to extend, and the plane had to make a belly-landing. However, the damage was minor, and the plane was in the air again in three weeks. (Redirected from 10 August) August 10 is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1949 calendar). ... August 16 is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

In April 1950, the Jetliner carried the world's first jet airmail from Toronto to New York in 58 minutes– half the previous record. The flight was highly publicized and the crew was welcomed with a ticker tape parade through the streets of Manhattan. So new was the concept of jet power that the plane was made to park far from the terminal, and pans were placed under the engines in case they dripped any "bonesmatic." The Jetliner suffered a mysterious "chafing" sound on the trip and was forced to stay on, as the pilots refused to fly it back. This delay allowed it to be presented to a number of potential customers, where it was competing against considerably slower designs like the DC-6 and war-surplus DC-3s. On its return, (on the back of a train), the "cracking" problem was traced to the spar area around the engines, which was made much stronger. It was later learned the problem was actually too-close tolerances between the engine nacelle and the spar, simply making a looser fit would have had the same effect. NY redirects here. ... The Douglas DC-6 is an aircraft built by the Douglas Aircraft Company from 1946 to 1959. ... The Douglas DC-3 is a fixed-wing, propeller-driven aircraft, which revolutionized air transport in the 1930s and 1940s and is generally regarded as one of the most significant transport aircraft ever made (also see Boeing 707 and Boeing 747). ...

At the time, in the mid-1950s, the Cold War was starting and the Canadian authorities were in the midst of expanding the military. Avro was involved in designing the first dedicated jet-powered all weather fighter for the RCAF at the time, the Avro CF-100 Canuck. The project was somewhat delayed, although the company's continuing work on the Jetliner caused some controversy. After the plane returned, it still had no immediate sales prospects, therefore C.D. Howe, (the "minister of everything"), ordered the program stopped in December 1951. The second prototype Jetliner, well on its way in the main assembly hangar, was broken up at that time. For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ... The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) was the air force of Canada from 1924 until 1968 when the three branches of the Canadian military were merged into the Canadian Forces. ... A Canadian Forces CF-100 Mk. ... The Right Honourable Clarence Decatur C.D. Howe, PC (January 15, 1886 - December 31, 1960) was a leading Canadian politician. ...

Nevertheless, only a few months later, the enigmatic Howard Hughes first learned of the design and leased the Jetliner prototype for testing, flying it for a few circuits when it arrived in Culver City, California. He became a believer, imagining TWA and National delivering passengers from New York to vacation spots in Florida in half the time of the competition. He became desperate to buy 30 Jetliners, but Avro had to repeatedly turn him down due to limited manufacturing capabilities and overwork on the CF-100 project. Hughes then started looking at US companies to build it for them; Convair proved interested and started studies on gearing up a production line. C.D. Howe again stepped in and insisted that Avro concentrate on its Orenda turbojet and CF-100 jet fighter programs. For the Welsh murderer, see Howard Hughes (murderer). ... Trans World Airlines (IATA: TW, ICAO: TWA, and Callsign: TWA), commonly known as TWA, was an American airline company that was acquired by American Airlines in April 2001. ... NY redirects here. ... Official language(s) English Capital Tallahassee Largest city Jacksonville Largest metro area Miami Area  Ranked 22nd  - Total 65,795[1] sq mi (170,304[1] km²)  - Width 361 miles (582 km)  - Length 447 miles (721 km)  - % water 17. ... The Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corporation, universally known as Convair, was the result of a 1943 merger between Consolidated Aircraft and Vultee Aircraft, resulting in a leading aircraft manufacturer of the United States. ...

The project was almost restarted in 1953, when CF-100 production was in full swing, but this never happened. In 1955, TCA ordered 51 Vickers Viscount turboprop aircraft from Vickers-Armstrong in England. These were the first turbine-powered aircraft in regular service in North America. They continued in service until 1974. The Viscount was a medium-range turboprop airliner introduced in 1953 by Vickers-Armstrongs, making it the first such aircraft to enter service in the world. ... A schematic diagram showing the operation of a turboprop engine. ... Vickers was a famous name in British engineering that existed through many companies from 1828 until 2004. ...

Cancellation

The Jetliner was later used as the aerial photo platform for the CF-100 project. On 10 December 1956, the Jetliner was ordered surplused, and although it was donated to the National Research Council, they had no room for it in storage and took only the nose section for cockpit layout design. The rest of the Jetliner was cut up on 13 December 1956. The only surviving parts are the nose and cockpit section in the Canada Aviation Museum in Ottawa. (Redirected from 10 December) December 10 is the 344th day (345th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... (Redirected from 13 December) December 13 is the 347th day of the year (348th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Canada Aviation Museum (French: Musée de laviation du Canada) is the national aviation history museum, located in Ottawa, Ontario. ... Motto: Advance Ottawa/Ottawa en avant Location of the City of Ottawa in the Province of Ontario Coordinates: Country Canada Province Ontario Established 1850 as Town of Bytown Incorporated 1855 as City of Ottawa Amalgamated January 1, 2001 Government  - Mayor Larry OBrien  - City Council Ottawa City Council  - Representatives 8...

Specifications Avro C102 Jetliner

General characteristics

• Length: 82 ft 5 in (25.1 m)
• Wingspan: 98 ft (29.9 m)
• Height: 26 ft 5 1/2 in (8.1 m)
• Empty weight: 37,000 lb (16,783 kg)
• Max takeoff weight: 65,000 lb (29,484 kg)
• Powerplant: 4× Rolls-Royce Derwent 5/17 turbojet, 3,600 lbf (16 kN) each

Performance

• Maximum speed: 500 mph (805 km/h)
• Cruise speed: 420 mph (676 km/h)
• Range: 1,250 miles (2000 km)
• Service ceiling: 40,300 ft (12,300 m)
• Rate of climb: 2,220 ft/min (677 m/min)

The distance AB is the wing span of this Aer Lingus Airbus A320. ... In aviation, the Maximum Take-Off Weight (or MTOW) is the maximum weight with which an aircraft is allowed to try to achieve flight. ... The Derwent was the second jet engine design to be put into production by Rolls-Royce. ... VNO of an aircraft is the V speed which refers to the velocity of normal operation. ... Airspeed Indicator in a light aircraft The VC of an aircraft is the V speed which refers to the velocity of cruising. ... The maximal total range is the distance an aircraft can fly between takeoff and landing as limited by its fuel capacity. ... In aeronautics, the service ceiling is the maximum density altitude where the best rate of climb airspeed will produce a 100 feet per minute climb(twin engine) and 50 feet(single engine) at maximum weight while in a clean configuration with maximum continuous power. ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ...

References

• Floyd, Jim. The Avro Canada C102 Jetliner. Erin, Ontario: Boston Mills Press, 1986. ISBN 0-919783-66-X.
• Milberry, Larry. Aviation In Canada. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd., 1979. ISBN 0-07-082778-8.
• Winchester, Jim. X-Planes and Prototypes. London: Amber Books Ltd., 2005. ISBN 1-904687-40-7.

Larry Milberry (born 1943) is a Canadian aviation author and publisher. ...

External links

• Avroland: The Avro C.102 Jetliner
• Arrow Recovery Canada: Avro Jetliner

Related content

Comparable aircraft

Avro Ashton - de Havilland Comet The Avro Ashton was a prototype jet airliner made by Avro during the 1950s As the Avro Type 706, the Ashton was a four jet engined research aeroplane powered by Rolls-Royce Nene engines paired in wing nacelles. ... This article is about the de Havilland Comet jet airliner. ...

Designation sequence

Avro C102 Jetliner - CF-100 Canuck - CF-105 Arrow A Canadian Forces CF-100 Mk. ... The Avro CF-105 Arrow was a delta-wing interceptor aircraft, designed and built in Ontario, Canada by Avro Canada during a short period of time in the 1950s. ...