Axis and Allies
Players	2-5
Age range	12+
Setup time	5-10 minutes
Playing time	2-20 hours
Random chance	Medium
Skills required	Tactics, Strategy, Economics, and Teamwork

"Axis and Allies" redirects here. For other uses, see Axis and Allies (disambiguation). Box art for the first edition of Axis and Allies. ... Tactics is the collective name for methods of winning a small-scale conflict, performing an optimization, etc. ... A strategy is a long term plan of action designed to achieve a particular goal, most often winning. Strategy is differentiated from tactics or immediate actions with resources at hand. ... Face-to-face trading interactions on the New York Stock Exchange trading floor. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Team building. ... Axis and Allies is the official name for the Axis and Allies board game. ...

Axis & Allies is a popular series of World War II strategy board games, with nearly two million copies printed.^[1] The first game was originally designed by Larry Harris and published by Nova Games^[2], before being republished and popularized by the Milton Bradley Company. Milton Bradley released Axis & Allies as part of their Gamemaster series in 1984, and it was the most successful of the five. In April 2004, Hasbro released the Revised Edition under the Avalon Hill name. In all of the editions of the core game, up to five players can take control of one of the Axis (Germany or Japan) or Allied (UK, Soviet Union or USA) nations. The object of the game is to win the war by capturing enough critical territories. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Chess, one of the most well-known and played strategy games ever. ... A board game is a game played with counters or pieces that are placed on, removed from, or moved across a board (a premarked surface, usually specific to that game). ... A game designer most famous for creating the game Axis & Allies. ... The Milton Bradley Company was an American game company established by Milton Bradley in Springfield, Massachusetts in 1860. ... The Gamemaster series of board games consisted of five war simulation games created by the game company Milton Bradley, beginning in 1984 with the introduction of the extremely popular Axis and Allies. ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2004 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December Deaths in April • 18 Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara • 19 Norris McWhirter • 22 Pat Tillman • 24 Estée Lauder Other recent deaths Ongoing events EU Enlargement Exploration of Mars: Rovers Haiti Rebellion Reconstruction of Iraq – Occupation & Resistance Israeli... Hasbro (NYSE: HAS) is an American toy and game company. ... Avalon Hill was a game company that specialized in wargames and strategic board games. ...

Axis & Allies is not a strict historical wargame, due to its streamlining for ease of play and balancing so that both sides have a chance. For instance, the economic model is simplistic, with each territory producing a number of "IPCs" (Industrial Production Certificates) good toward the purchase of any unit. Moreover, the game is supposed to start in the spring of 1942, but Japan is immediately in position to attack Hawaii again, while Germany is pressed well into the USSR with an initially superior force. Another significant difference is that the Soviet Union and Japan are opponents at the start of the game; historically, they did not go to war with each other until 1945. If the game were truer to history, the Axis empires would be at their apex at this time, about to be pushed back home – but, of course, that would not be a very competitive match. Wargaming is the play of simulated military operations in the form of games known as wargames. ... 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1942 calendar). ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

The Milton Bradley edition of Axis & Allies, showing the game map and all 299 playing pieces. ONLINE PLAY is available with clubs such as Axis and Allies War Club or AAWC.

Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1280x960, 659 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Axis and Allies Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1280x960, 659 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Axis and Allies Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or...

Milton-Bradley Version

Basics

Each side's objective is to conquer enemy territory, achieving victory by holding two enemy national capitals; the Axis can also win an "economic victory" by gaining enough territory, which is more common in practice due to the difficulty of attacking Britain or Eastern United States.

Each player progresses in order: USSR, Germany, UK, Japan, USA. On each turn, the player declares IPC spending for production and research (which gives a random chance to enhance units). The player then declares combat moves (using area movement), attacking enemy-held territory. Much of the playtime is spent resolving battles. Each round, all the attacking and defending units get a chance to hit once. A unit scores a hit if the player rolls, with a six-sided die, a number less than or equal to the unit's attack or defense score (e.g., infantry makes a better defender than attacker). Each player gets to choose how to distribute casualties amongst his or her own units and removes them from the battlefield. (This provision makes it practical to bring cheap cannon fodder units along to soak up hits.) The battle continues until either force is destroyed or the attacker withdraws. In board games, particularly wargames, area movement refers to a system regulating the movement of game pieces based on large geographic areas rather than by hexes or squares. ... Infantry of the Royal Irish Rifles during the Battle of the Somme in World War I. Infantry are soldiers who fight primarily on foot with small arms in organized military units, though they may be transported to the battlefield by horses, ships, automobiles, skis, or other means. ... Cannon Fodder is an expression used to denote the treatment of armed forces as a worthless commodity to be expended. ...

After all battles are concluded, the player takes noncombat actions: moving reinforcements, landing aircraft, etc. Then he deploys units purchased at the beginning of the turn in territories with an industrial complex and finally collects income from all occupied territories to end the turn. In operant conditioning, reinforcement is any change in an organisms surroundings that: occurs regularly when the organism behaves in a given way (that is, is contingent on a specific response), is contiguous with the behaviour (associated in time and space), and is associated with an increase in the probability...

This cycle continues until, after USA's turn, the victory conditions are met for one side.

Units

Revised Edition

To revise the original game, Mike Selinker led a design team that included Larry Harris, designer of the first edition. The revision aimed to address some major concerns with the original and make the game more fun. Selinker also wrote a series of articles describing the changes. Mike Selinker is a game designer whose design credits include Pirates of the Spanish Main and Fightball with James Ernest, Axis & Allies Revised with Larry Harris, the Marvel Super Heroes Adventure Game, and Risk Godstorm. ... A game designer most famous for creating the game Axis & Allies. ...

The overarching change is in the victory condition. To win in the original, either side could seize two enemy capitals, but the Axis could also win an economic victory by capturing enough resources. This rule gave the poorer Axis a leg up, but led to anticlimactic endings. Also, it often took many, many turns to finally capture heavily fortified capital territories. The designers scrapped this rule and implemented victory cities, where each side starts with 6 of the 12 cities. In addition to the national capitals, these include Paris, Rome, and Leningrad in Europe, Calcutta, Shanghai, and Manila in Asia, and Los Angeles in North America. With this rule, players can decide what constitutes victory at the start – playing only to 8 victory cities makes for a shorter game, while more skilled players can play until one side controls all of them. ^[3] City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Paris Eiffel tower as seen from the esplanade du Trocadéro. ... Nickname: The Eternal City Motto: SPQR: Senatus PopulusQue Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area    - City 1285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and... World map showing the location of Europe. ... This article is on Calcutta/Kolkata, the city. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Nickname: Pearl of the Orient, City by the Bay, Distinguished and Ever Loyal City Map of Metro Manila showing the location of Manila Coordinates: 14°35 N 121° E Country Philippines Region National Capital Region Districts 1st to 6th districts of Manila Barangays 897 Incorporated (city) June 10, 1574 Government... World map showing the location of Asia. ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,290. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ...

Another important change concerns unit capabilities and statistics. In the original, infantry were a cheap unit and turned out to be most useful as cannon fodder, by taking hits that would otherwise destroy more valuable units. This tended to lead to massive buildups by players amassing stacks of infantry in neighboring territories, unable to do anything other than buy more infantry, which can be ineffective attacking units by themselves due to their minimal attack value. While infantry were left unchanged in the revised edition, the tank unit defense was increased to encourage players to use combined arms rather than just rely on infantry, and to balance the value and effectiveness of comparable groups of infantry and tanks. ^[4] Other changes include the addition of artillery units, which increase the attack of attacking infantry, destroyers, which negate the first-shot advantage of subs, and a significant increase in the usefulness and effectiveness of transports and amphibious assaults, by allowing transports to carry any one land unit plus one additional infantry unit. Infantry of the Royal Irish Rifles during the Battle of the Somme in World War I. Infantry are soldiers who fight primarily on foot with small arms in organized military units, though they may be transported to the battlefield by horses, ships, automobiles, skis, or other means. ... Combined arms is an approach to warfare which seeks to integrate different arms of a military to achieve mutually complementary effects. ... Artillery with Gabion fortification Cannons on display at Fort Point Continental Artillery crew from the American Revolution Firing of an 18-pound gun, Louis-Philippe Crepin, (1772 – 1851) A forge-welded Iron Cannon in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu. ... USS Lassen, an Arleigh Burke-class destroyer In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast and maneuverable yet long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet or battle group and defend them against smaller, short-range attackers (originally torpedo boats, later submarines and aircraft). ... Alvin in 1978, a year after first exploring hydrothermal vents. ...

The map was also reworked, with a new art style and many gameplay changes. One important change is the fragmentation of Germany's Eastern Front. The area from Berlin to Moscow now includes many small territories, a victory city (Leningrad), and a strategic industrial complex at the Caucasus. This change was designed to encourage more dynamic play in an area that often bogs down into heavy fortification. Another notable change is to the South Pacific region, which now provides much of Japan's starting income and is a much more valuable target for Allied incursion. ^[5] The Eastern Front was the theatre of combat between Nazi Germany and its allies against the Soviet Union during World War II. It was somewhat separate from the other theatres of the war, not only geographically, but also for its scale and ferocity. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Caucasus Mountains. ... Table of Fortification, from the 1728 Cyclopaedia. ... World map exhibiting a common interpretation of Oceania; other interpretations may vary. ...

A new system of optional rules was implemented. Each power has six possible advantages, representing tactics or technologies used in the war. For instance, if the UK has the "Enigma Decoded" advantage, it may quickly move units during Germany's turn in response to an attack on UK territory. A number of these advantages can be chosen or randomly picked for each side at the beginning of each game to alter gameplay. The plugboard, keyboard, lamps and finger-wheels of the rotors emerging from the inner lid of a three-rotor German military Enigma machine (version with labels) In the history of cryptography, the Enigma was a cipher machine used to encrypt and decrypt secret messages. ...

Many other changes are documented in the manual, available for download from Avalon Hill. Avalon Hill was a game company that specialized in wargames and strategic board games. ...

The 1991 Edition rules are available for download from Avalon Hill. Avalon Hill was a game company that specialized in wargames and strategic board games. ...

Spinoffs

When Hasbro acquired the Milton Bradley Company, they kept Axis and Allies in print as part of their Avalon Hill lineup, a rather prestigious game company they bought in 1998. Under the same brand, they published two follow-up games, Axis and Allies: Europe (1999) and Axis and Allies: Pacific (2001), that were designed by Larry Harris, the original designer of Axis and Allies. The latter especially tinkers with the original game mechanics and tries to make the game feel less scripted while keeping the appeal of the original. Hasbro (NYSE: HAS) is an American toy and game company. ... The Milton Bradley Company was an American game company established by Milton Bradley in Springfield, Massachusetts in 1860. ... Avalon Hill was a game company that specialized in wargames and strategic board games. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean [1]. // Coated in ice, power and telephone lines sag and often break, resulting in power outages. ... Axis and Allies:Europe is a spin off of the original Axis and Allies that focuses game play on the Germany, Soviet Union, United States are controlled by the players of this game. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... Axis and Allies: Pacific is a strategy board game produced by Hasbro under the Avalon Hill name brand. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A game designer most famous for creating the game Axis & Allies. ...

Larry Harris also designed the latest expansion game in the series, Axis and Allies: D-Day (released June 2004). Based on the Allied liberation of France, the game plays at a tactical level (rather than a strategic one like its predecessors), getting rid of most resource management and using a smaller-scale world. D-Day won a 2005 Origins Award for Best Historical Board Game. The newest of the series is Axis and Allies: Battle of the Bulge published in November 2006. Like Axis and Allies: D-Day, Axis and Allies: Battle of the Bulge is a standalone, 2-player version of the game focusing on a smaller conflict. Axis and Allies: Battle of the Bulge is notable because it features the the biggest departures from the original game, including a hex map, supply rules, and a different combat system. 2004 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December See also: June 2004 in sports Deaths in June • 28 Anthony Buckeridge • 26 Naomi Shemer • 26 Yash Johar • 22 Bob Bemer • 22 Thomas Gold • 22 Francisco Ortiz Franco • 16 Thanom Kittikachorn • 10 Ray Charles • 5 Ronald Reagan... Combatants United States United Kingdom Canada Free France Poland Germany Commanders Dwight Eisenhower (Supreme Allied Commander) Bernard Montgomery (land) Bertram Ramsay (sea) Trafford Leigh-Mallory (air) Omar Bradley (US 1st Army) Miles Dempsey (UK 2nd Army) Harry Crerar (Canadian 1st Army) Gerd von Rundstedt (OB WEST) Erwin Rommel (Heeresgruppe B... Military tactics (Greek: TaktikÄ“, the art of organizing an army) are the collective name for methods for engaging and defeating an enemy in battle. ... A strategy is a long term plan of action designed to achieve a particular goal. ... The Origins Awards, presented by the Academy of Adventure Gaming Arts and Design, are presented at the Origins International Game Expo for outstanding work in the game industry. ...

In 2005, Avalon Hill released a line of miniatures under the Axis & Allies brand. 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 15mm British Camel Corps and Heliograph Team from Peter Pig A miniature figure -- also known as a miniature or just a mini -- is a small figurine commonly used in role playing games (RPGs) such as Dungeons & Dragons. ...

Atari game box

Several computer games were also based on Axis & Allies. They include turn based strategy closely based on the board game, while more recently a real time strategy game was based on it. The real-time strategy (RTS) game includes a mode that is more closely related to the board game, but you can only attack one enemy occupied territory per turn and can either fight battles in RTS mode or have the computer decide the outcome. There is also a campaign mode in which you can fight as the Allies and try to defeat the Axis or be the Axis and try to change history and in the end defeat the Allies. All of the battles in the Campaign mode are fought in the RTS mode. Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Real-time strategy, often abbreviated RTS, is a genre of computer games characterized by being wargames which take place in real-time, where resource gathering, base building, technology development and direct control over individual units are key components. ...

An open source version of the game called TripleA also exists in which one can play alone or online against other players. TripleA is an open source engine for writing networked turn based strategy games. ...

References

1. ^ Post from Larry Harris on his forum.
2. ^ Information about Nova Games
3. ^ A&A Preview #4: The Price of Victory from Wizards of the Coast
4. ^ A&A Preview #14 A New Tank Blitzes Into View from Wizards of the Coast
5. ^ A&A Preview #13 Brave New World from Wizards of the Coast

A game designer most famous for creating the game Axis & Allies. ... Wizards of the Coast (often referred to as WotC or simply Wizards) is a publisher of games, primarily based on fantasy and science fiction themes. ...

See also

• Axis and Allies: Europe
• Axis and Allies: Pacific
• Axis and Allies: D-Day
• Axis and Allies: Battle of the Bulge
• Axis and Allies Miniatures
• TripleA - an open source implementation
• Axis & Allies (2004 video game)
• Axis & Allies (1998 video game). The 1998 release has several bugs that the Axis and Allies World Club has fixed in an unofficial patch.

Axis and Allies:Europe is a spin off of the original Axis and Allies that focuses game play on the Germany, Soviet Union, United States are controlled by the players of this game. ... Axis and Allies: Pacific is a strategy board game produced by Hasbro under the Avalon Hill name brand. ... Axis & Allies Miniatures is a miniature wargaming system including both a rule set and a line of collectible miniatures. ... TripleA is an open source engine for writing networked turn based strategy games. ... Axis & Allies is World War II real-time strategy computer game based on the popular board game of the same name. ... Axis and Allies is a 1998 turn-based strategy game closely based on the board game of the same name. ...

External links

Official sites

• Avalon Hill's official Axis & Allies site
• Avalon Hill's offical Axis & Allies english rulebook
• Axis & Allies rules errata and FAQ