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Ayatollah Seyyed Abol_Ghasem Mostafavi Kashani (آیتالله سید ابوالقاسم مصطفوی کاشانی in Persian) (1884 - March 1961) was born in Tehran, Iran.
His father, Ayatollah Hajj Seyyed Mostafa Kashani (آیتالله حاج سید مصطفی کاشانی), was a great clergyman of Shiism in his period. Abol_Ghasem was trained in a holy and virtuous family under the attention of his religious parents. He began the learning of Quran recitation after he got the knowledge of reading and writing. Seyyed Abol_Ghasem went to Seminary and learned literature, Arabic language, logic, semantics and speech, jurisprudence and principles when he was 16. He went to Iraq in order to learn more about Quran, and "Hadiths". He continued his education in Holy Najaf Seminary and got Jurisprudence degree when he was 25 years old.
He had liberal thoughts from younghood and hated oppression, despotism and colonization and opposed with them. Because of his national thoughts, Ayatollah Kashani had a very hard political life. Arrested by the British and Soviets and sending to exile. But he never stopped fighting against foreign powers trying to take advantage of the Iranians and the national sources of the country. He started a massive movement against the British Empire taking most profits of the Iranian Oil. The nationalization of the Iranian oil industry is one of the great achievements of Ayatollah Kashani during his private and political life.
AyatollahKashani and his son played major roles during the coup as well as during the activities prior to the coup.[2] Kashani was publically attacking Mossadegh and supporting the Shah since late 1952.
Torture by monarchists included rape of daughters of political prisoners in front of their eyes; the most infamous case being the rape of the daughter of Ayatollah Mahmoud Taleghani, the respected liberal cleric, a leader in the resistence to the coup regime since August 1953 coup and a member of INF until 1961.
Ayatollah Uzma Brujerdi, the highest ranked cleric, gave quiet support to the Shah before and after the coup without playing a major role during the operations of the coup.
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