NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Ayyavazhi

Ayyavazhi (IPA: [aia:vərɪ])(Tamil:அய்யாவழி Ayyavali^[1] -"Path of the father") is a dharmic belief system^[2] which originated in South India in the 19th century.^[3] It is conceived as an independent monistic^[4] religion by several newspapers^[5] and academic research.^[6]^[7] But in Indian censuses the majority of its followers declare themselves as Hindus. Therefore, Ayyavazhi is also considered a Hindu sect.^[8]^[9] Tamil ( ; IPA ) is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamils in India and Sri Lanka, with smaller communities of speakers in many other countries. ... The image above is proposed for deletion. ... The geographical south of India includes all Indian territory below the 20th parallel. ... For other uses, see Monist (disambiguation). ... This article discusses the adherents of Hinduism. ... Hinduism is a religious tradition[1] that originated in the Indian subcontinent. ...

Ayyavazhi is centered on Ayya Vaikundar's life and preaching, and its ideas and philosophy are based on the holy texts Akilattirattu Ammanai and Arul Nool. Accordingly, Vaikundar was the Manu (father, sovereign) avatar of Narayana. Ayyavazhi shares many ideas with Hinduism in its mythology and practice, but differs considerably in its concepts of good and evil and dharma.^[10] Ayyavazhi is classified as a dharmic belief because of its central focus on dharma.^[11] Ayya Vaikundar (Tamil: à®…à®¯à¯à®¯à®¾ à®µà¯ˆà®•à¯à®£à¯à®Ÿà®°à¯), according to Akilattirattu Ammanai, a scripture of the Ayyavazhi, was a Manu (father, sovereign) avatar (the incarnation of a deity) of Narayana. ... Akilathirattu Ammanai à®…à®•à®¿à®²à®¤à¯à®¤à®¿à®°à®Ÿà¯à®Ÿà¯ à®…à®®à¯à®®à®¾à®©à¯ˆ (Tamil: akilam (world) + thirattu (collection) + ammanai (ballad)), also called Thiru Edu (venerable book), is the main religious book of the Southern Indian Ayyavazhi faith, officially an offshoot of Hinduism. ... Arulnool considered to be the supplementary to akilathirattu, is a collection of a few short litratures composed by different Arulalarkal whose names are unknown. ... In Hinduism, Manu is a title accorded the progenitor of humankind, first king to rule this earth, who saves mankind from the universal flood. ... This article is about the concept in Hindu philosophy. ... Narayana (Sanskrit: à¤¨à¤¾à¤°à¤¾à¤¯à¤£; ) or Narayan is an important Sanskrit name for Vishnu and is in many contemporary vernaculars, a common Indian name. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Dharma (disambiguation). ...

Ayyavazhi first came to public attention in the 19th century as a Hindu sect.^[12] Vaikundar's activities, and the growing number of followers, created a reformation and revolution in 19th century Travancore^[13] and Tamil society,^[14] surprising the feudal social system of South India.^[15] Flag for former princely state of Travancore Travancore or Thiruvithaamkoor (Malayalam: à´¤à´¿à´°àµà´µà´¿à´¤à´¾à´™àµà´•àµ‚à´°àµâ€ [], à´¤à´¿à´°àµà´µà´¿à´¤à´¾à´‚à´•àµ‚à´°àµâ€ [], à´¤à´¿à´°àµà´µà´¿à´¤à´¾à´™àµà´•àµ‹à´Ÿàµ []) was a princely state in India with its capital at Trivandrum (Thiruvananthapuram). ... Languages Tamil Religions Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Jainism Related ethnic groups Dravidian people Brahui people Kannadigas Malayalis Tamils Telugus Tuluvas Gonds The Tamil people are a multi-ethnic group from the Indian subcontinent with a recorded history going back more than two millennia. ...

Though Ayyavazhi followers are spread across India,^[16]^[17] they are primarily present in South India^[18] and highly concentrated in Tamil Nadu^[19] and Kerala.^[20] The number of practitioners is estimated to be between 700,000^[21] and 8,000,000,^[22] although the exact number is unknown, since Ayyavazhis are reported as Hindus during censuses.^[23]

Etymology

The exact origin of the name Ayyavazhi is not known. The various theories on its derivation include: This etymological topic deals with the origin, regeneration and evolution of various names by which Ayyavazhi is refered or identified throughout the period of Ayyavazhi history. ...

The synonymous versions of the phrase are virtually unlimited, because the usage of the word 'Ayya' in Tamil varies widely. It is used to convey the words father, guru, the superior etc.^[27] The word 'vazhi' in Tamil can mean the way, manner, method, mode, antiquity, religious system and so on.^[27] Tamil ( ; IPA ) is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamils in India and Sri Lanka, with smaller communities of speakers in many other countries. ... Synonyms (in ancient Greek syn συν = plus and onoma όνομα = name) are different words with similar or identical meanings. ...

History

Ayyavazhi began to be noticed initially by the large number of people gathering to worship Vaikundar (birth name 'Mudisoodum Perumal' )^[28] (1809 C.E – 1851 C.E)^[29] at Poovandanthoppe.^[30] The Thuvayal thavasu (washing penance), of 1840 is the origin of Ayyavazhi as an alternative religio-cultural phenomena.^[31] The majority of its participants were from the marginalised and poor sections of the society.^[28] They began to function as a distinct and autonomous society and gradually, they identified their path with the phrase 'Ayya vazhi'.^[32] Although the majority of these followers were from the Chanar cast, a large number of people from other castes also followed it.^[33] For the Christian missionaries undertaking their proselytising mission Ayyavazhi posed a great challenge. Adherents to Ayyavazhi resisted conversion to Christianity.^[28] Ayyavazhi's fast growth in its first century was noted by Christian missionary reports of the mid-19th century.^[34] The History of Ayyavazhi traces the religious history of Ayyavazhi a belief-system originated in mid-ninteenth century in Southern India. ... Year 1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Swamithoppe-Pathi is the head quarter of all the Pathis where Ayya Vaikundar spent most of his life. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... For other uses, see Penance (disambiguation). ... An alternative name given to the caste of Nadar, whose profession is climbing Palmyra trees,in olden days ... Religious conversion is the adoption of a new religious identity, or a change from one religious identity to another. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

By the middle of 19th century, Ayyavazhi had come to be recognised as a separate religion, deep rooted in the region of South Travancore and South Tirunelveli.^[35] The growth in its number of followers had increased significantly from 1840s.^[28] Around the closure of the 19th century, Swamithope began to be considered as the headquarters of Ayyavazhi.^[36] After the death of Vaikundar, Ayyavazhi was spread on the basis of his teachings. The five Seedars, who were the disciples of Vaikundar, and their descendants traveled to several parts of the country and carried the mission of Ayyavazhi.^[37] Meanwhile the Payyan dynasty started administrating the Swamithoppe pathi,^[38] while other Pathis came under the administration of the followers of Ayya.^[39] As per the instructions of Akilattirattu Ammanai (Akilam) the Nizhal Thangals (small pagodas) are established across the country for worship and study of scripture.^[40] Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Ayya Vaikundar was the Manu avathar (to born as a human being) of Lord Narayana according to Akilattirattu Ammanai the holy script of Ayyavazhi religion. ... Swamithoppe Pathi (Tamil: ), Swamithoppu-pathi, Manavaippathi, or Thalaimaippathi (Thalaimai (chief) + pathi) is the primary pathi of the Ayyavazhi, the head of all Worship centers of Ayyavazhi, and the place where Ayya Vaikundar is said to have performed the Tavam. ... Flag for former princely state of Travancore Travancore or Thiruvithaamkoor (Malayalam: à´¤à´¿à´°àµà´µà´¿à´¤à´¾à´™àµà´•àµ‚à´°àµâ€ [], à´¤à´¿à´°àµà´µà´¿à´¤à´¾à´‚à´•àµ‚à´°àµâ€ [], à´¤à´¿à´°àµà´µà´¿à´¤à´¾à´™àµà´•àµ‹à´Ÿàµ []) was a princely state in India with its capital at Trivandrum (Thiruvananthapuram). ... , Tirunelveli (Tamil: ) is a Municipal Corporation, sixth largest city in Tamil Nadu(After Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Trichy and Salem)in southern India and the district headquarter of Tirunelveli district. ... // ON MAY 5 1853 MR.FADER HAD SEX WITH A MAN NAME MR WIEN THEN THEY HAD SON NAMEDMRS COTURE AND MR MANOOGIAN WENT INTO MRS HASKELLS OFFICE NAKED AND DANCED AROUND AND MASTERBATED ON HER CHEST AND SHE LICKED IT OFF THEN THEY HAD ORAL SEEX WITH NAPLOEAN OF... According to Akilattirattu Ammanai the holy and religious book of the Ayyavazhi religion Ayya Vaikundar the Incarnation of God in Kali Yukam has five Seedar (disciples). ... This article is in need of attention. ... Swamithoppe-Pathi is the head quarter of all the Pathis where Ayya Vaikundar spent most of his life. ... A Pathi (from a Tamil word meaning The place where God is) is an important centre of congregational worship for the South Indian religion of Ayyavazhi, having a relatively large structure like that of a temple. ... Akilathirattu Ammanai à®…à®•à®¿à®²à®¤à¯à®¤à®¿à®°à®Ÿà¯à®Ÿà¯ à®…à®®à¯à®®à®¾à®©à¯ˆ (Tamil: akilam (world) + thirattu (collection) + ammanai (ballad)), also called Thiru Edu (venerable book), is the main religious book of the Southern Indian Ayyavazhi faith, officially an offshoot of Hinduism. ... The Temples, called Nizhal Tangals are simple buildings built by the people to worship God without distinction of colour,race or caste. ...

As a first printed work of Ayyavazhi, Arul Nool was released in 1927 followed by that of Akilam in 1933,^[41] almost a century after it had written down.^[42] Following this, the spread of Ayyavazhi diverted in the scriptural way rather than by oral traditions which was active until then. Headquarter reports state that Ayyavazhi spread quicker after the period of Indian Independence(1940s) and further more from the 1990s^[43] Many Ayyavazhi based social welfare organisations were established in the late 20th century.^[44] Several alternative versions of Akilam including some controversial versions were released in the same period.^[45] The Anbukkodimakkal Thirucchabai, a democratic bureau was established by the headquarters in the early 1990s to organise and govern the religion. Organisational conferences are held in various cities in South India including Chennai and Thiruvananthapuram.^[43] The Indian independence movement was a series of steps taken in the Indian subcontinent for independence from British colonial rule, beginning with the Rebellion of 1857. ... Anbukkodimakkal Thirucchabai is a democratic beureu established by the religious head-quarters of Ayyavazhi in the late 20th century. ... Madras redirects here. ... , Thiruvananthapuram (Malayalam: à´¤à´¿à´°àµà´µà´¨à´¨àµà´¤à´ªàµà´°à´‚ Tiruvanantapuraá¹), also known as Trivandrum, is the capital of the Indian state of Kerala and the headquarters of the Thiruvananthapuram District. ...

Considering the growth of Ayyavazhi, Ayya Vaikunda Avataram, the day of incarnation of Vaikundar, was declared a holiday by the state administration for the district of Kanyakumari in 1994 followed by the districts of Tirunelveli and Tuticorin in 2006.^[46]^[47] Currently Bala Prajapathi Adikalar, a Payyan dynasty descendant, is considered as the leader of Ayyavazhi.^[48] Kanyakumari District (also spelt Kanniyakumari or Kanniakumari District) is a district of Tamil Nadu state, India and also the southernmost land area and district of mainland India. ... , Tirunelveli (Tamil: ) is a Municipal Corporation, sixth largest city in Tamil Nadu(After Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Trichy and Salem)in southern India and the district headquarter of Tirunelveli district. ... Thoothukudi (தூத்துக்குடி in Tamil), also known as Tuticorin is a city and district in Tamil Nadu, India. ... He is considered as the present religious leader of Ayyavazhi. ... This article is in need of attention. ...

Scriptures and holy places

The holy books of Ayyavazhi are the Akilattirattu Ammanai (often called as 'Akilam' )^[49] and the Arul Nool, and they are the source of the religion's mythology. The Akilattirattu Ammanai was written by Hari Gopalan Seedar in 1841^[50] by hearing the contents of Akilam told by Narayana to his consort Lakshmi.^[51] While the original text is damaged, the daughter versions such as Swamithope version, Kottangadu version as well as the Panchalankurichi versions are the earliest existing palm-leaf versions of Akilam.^[52] Other release versions includes, Sentrathisai Ventraperumal, the Kalai Ilakkiya Peravai, the Vivekanandan as well as the highly criticised VTV^[52] in addition to the earliest and commonly accepted Palaramachandran version.^[52] Akilam contains more than 15000 verses making up seventeen sections. It is written in poetic Tamil in a ballad form and is composed with a unique literal-style with two sub-genres, Viruttam and Natai throughout. Image File history File links Akila_Thirattu_Ammanai. ... Image File history File links Akila_Thirattu_Ammanai. ... Akilam was an abbreviated name given to Akilattirattu Ammanai the holy book for the people of Ayyavazhi. ... The Akilattirattu Ammanai and Arul Nool are the scriptures of Ayyavazhi. ... The holy places of Ayyavazhi includes the following Thalaimaippathi Panchappathis See also List of Ayyavazhi-related articles Categories: Ayyavazhi ... Akilathirattu Ammanai à®…à®•à®¿à®²à®¤à¯à®¤à®¿à®°à®Ÿà¯à®Ÿà¯ à®…à®®à¯à®®à®¾à®©à¯ˆ (Tamil: akilam (world) + thirattu (collection) + ammanai (ballad)), also called Thiru Edu (venerable book), is the main religious book of the Southern Indian Ayyavazhi faith, officially an offshoot of Hinduism. ... Arulnool considered to be the supplementary to akilathirattu, is a collection of a few short litratures composed by different Arulalarkal whose names are unknown. ... Ayyavazhi mythology is the mythology of the growing South Indian religious faith and offshoot of Hinduism known as Ayyavazhi. ... According to Akilattirattu Ammanai the holy and religious book of the Ayyavazhi religion Ayya Vaikundar the Incarnation of God in Kali Yukam has five Seedar (disciples). ... Narayana (Sanskrit: à¤¨à¤¾à¤°à¤¾à¤¯à¤£; ) or Narayan is an important Sanskrit name for Vishnu and is in many contemporary vernaculars, a common Indian name. ... For other uses, see Lakshmi (disambiguation). ... Sentratisai Ventraperumal version was one among the release versions of Akilam which was released in 1965 and was named after Sentratisai Ventraperumal, who was one among the Payyan dynasty. ... Kalai Ilakkiya Peravai version(KIPV) is the latest release version of Akilam. ... Vivekanandan Version is one among the release versions of Akilam. ... Vaikundar Thirukkudumbam Version (VTV) is one among the release versions of Akilam, the scripture of Ayyavazhi. ... Palaramachandran Version was the ever first release version of Akilam, the scripture of Ayyavazhi by Thankaiyah. ... Tamil ( ; IPA ) is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamils in India and Sri Lanka, with smaller communities of speakers in many other countries. ... Illustration by Arthur Rackham of the ballad The Twa Corbies A ballad is a story, usually a narrative or poem, in a song. ...

The secondary scripture Arul Nool was a composed one which includes various books which are believed to be written by Arulalarkal (one who get possessed by divine power).^[53] It contains the prayers, hymns and instructions for the way of worship in Ayyavazhi, rituals, prophesy and also many acts^[53] It also recollects many events found in Akilam especially that are related to the life of Vaikundar.^[54] But there is no definite history for it. All these texts are compiled in Tamil language.^[55] For other uses, see Hymn (disambiguation). ... Rituals was an American soap opera that ran in syndication from September 1984 to September 1985 in 260 25 minutes episodes. ... For prophecy in the context of revealed religions see Prophet. ... Tamil ( ; IPA ) is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamils in India and Sri Lanka, with smaller communities of speakers in many other countries. ...

To the Ayyavazhi devotees, there are seven holy places, called Pathis,^[56] with Pancha pathis being the most important.^[57] The temple of Swamithope pathi is the headquarters of the Ayyavazhi.^[58]^[59]^[60] Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1566x958, 525 KB) I created (draw) this map. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1566x958, 525 KB) I created (draw) this map. ... Pancha pathi (Tamil:The five abodes of God) are the five important pilgrim centers of Ayyavazhi religion. ... A Pathi (from a Tamil word meaning The place where God is) is an important centre of congregational worship for the South Indian religion of Ayyavazhi, having a relatively large structure like that of a temple. ... Pancha pathi (Tamil:The five abodes of God) are the five important pilgrim centers of Ayyavazhi religion. ...

The five Pathis are, A Pathi (from a Tamil word meaning The place where God is) is an important centre of congregational worship for the South Indian religion of Ayyavazhi, having a relatively large structure like that of a temple. ...

Vakaippathi, though not included in the Pancha pathi by the headquarters was still considered as a Pathi but with lesser importance.^[61]^[62] Apart from this there is a disagreement within the followers of Ayyavazhi as to the holiness of some other Pathis such as Vaikunda Pathi and Avathara Pathi. The list of Pathis announced by the headquarters of Ayyavazhi does not include those Pathis.^[63] Swamithoppe Pathi (Tamil: ), Swamithoppu-pathi, Manavaippathi, or Thalaimaippathi (Thalaimai (chief) + pathi) is the primary pathi of the Ayyavazhi, the head of all Worship centers of Ayyavazhi, and the place where Ayya Vaikundar is said to have performed the Tavam. ... The Structure erected above the Vatakku Vasal where Ayya Vaikundar performed the Tavam According to Akilattirattu Ammanai, For ten months, Ayya Vaikundar revealed to the people all about the past, present, and future in the form of songs. ... Ambala Pathi (Tamil: à®…à®®à¯à®ªà®² à®ªà®¤à®¿), also called as Pallathu pathi or Moolakunda pathi is one of the primary pathi of the Ayyavazhi, and the second important pilgrim centers of Ayyavazhi, and the place where Ayya Vaikundar is said to have unified all divine power into himself by symbolic marriages. ... Mutta Pathi (Tamil:à®®à¯à®Ÿà¯à®Ÿ à®ªà®¤à®¿), is one of the Pancha Pathi, which are the primary centers for worship of the Ayyavazhi. ... The term vinchai in Tamil, literarily means Ultimate knowledge. ... Thamaraikulam Pathi (Tamil:à®¤à®¾à®®à®°à¯ˆà®•à¯à®³à®®à¯ à®ªà®¤à®¿), is one among the Pancha pathi, the five holy places of Ayyavazhi. ... Akilathirattu Ammanai à®…à®•à®¿à®²à®¤à¯à®¤à®¿à®°à®Ÿà¯à®Ÿà¯ à®…à®®à¯à®®à®¾à®©à¯ˆ (Tamil: akilam (world) + thirattu (collection) + ammanai (ballad)), also called Thiru Edu (venerable book), is the main religious book of the Southern Indian Ayyavazhi faith, officially an offshoot of Hinduism. ... Poo Pathi (Tamil: à®ªà¯‚à®ªà¯à®ªà®¤à®¿) is one among the Pancha pathi, which are the primary worship centers and holi places of Ayyavazhi. ... Bhuma Devi or Bhumi Devi or Bhu Devi is the divine wife of Lord Vishnu. ... Vakaippathi, one among the Panchappathis is a holy site for the People of Ayyavazhi. ... Pancha pathi (Tamil:The five abodes of God) are the five important pilgrim centers of Ayyavazhi religion. ... The Marunthuvazh Malai also known as the Maruthuva Malai, (Marunthu vazum Malaiâ€“ the abode of medicinal herbs) forms the part and the southermost tip of the Western Ghats. ... Avatharappathi is a phrase in Tamil which represents The place where God incarnates.The Avatharappathi is one among the holy places of the religion of Ayyavazhi,(see: Ayyavazhi Holy Sites) which had been erected in Thiruchendur. ...

Beliefs

Followers of Ayyavazhi believe in reincarnation and the subsequent Dharma Yukam, which is the eighth and final yukam, in which Vaikundar will rule the world with the Santror.^[64] They condemn the Indian caste system^[65] and reject the use of standard Hindu murti in worship. However, a non-anthropomorphic symbol had been introduced to be used as a point of devotional and meditation focus.^[66] This symbol, the Elunetru, which is placed in the Palliyarai, a seat of God, rather than God himself. The same is true of the Elunetru's alternative name, Asanam, which means "seat." Behind this asana, a mirror is installed to reflect the worshipper^[67] which implies, "God is yourself (or) God is within you"^[68]^[69] suggesting an idea about God similar to Advaitan theology. Ayyavazhi beliefs is the beliefs of a South Indian religious faith known as Ayyavazhi. ... This article is about the theological concept. ... The Santror are the seven boys who were made to born by using the seven seeds from seven upper worlds, by Thirumal, to the Seven Virgins through their instrumentality, according to Ayyavazhi mythology. ... The word Caste is derived from the Portuguese word casta, meaning lineage, breed or race. ... A large clay Ganesha murti at Ganesh Chaturthi festival in Mumbai, 2004 In Hinduism, a murti (Devanagari: à¤®à¥‚à¤°à¥à¤¤à¤¿) typically refers to an image in which the Divine Spirit is murta, or expressed. ... Elunetru was the term used to denote the object placed in the sanctum sactorium of the worship centers of Ayyavazhi. ... Palliyarai(Palli)+(Arai)is a tamil word used in Ayyavazhi to represent the Sanctum Sanctorium of the worship centers. ... Advaita Vedanta is probably the best known of all Vedanta schools of Hinduism, the others being Dvaita and Vishishtadvaita. ...

Ayyavazhi beliefs are closely related to those of Smartism and Advaita Vedanta, especially in the beliefs related to Trimurthi. Hence, Ayyavazhi's followers believe that Brahma, Vishnu, and Siva are different aspects of the same God.^[70] While some claim that the beliefs of Akilattirattu are related to Dvaita and Vishishtadvaita, Ayyavazhi endorses the concept of Ultimate Oneness.^[71] Image File history File linksMetadata The_Palliyarai_of_Swamithope_Pathi. ... Image File history File linksMetadata The_Palliyarai_of_Swamithope_Pathi. ... Elunetru was the term used to denote the object placed in the sanctum sactorium of the worship centers of Ayyavazhi. ... Palliyarai(Palli)+(Arai)is a tamil word used in Ayyavazhi to represent the Sanctum Sanctorium of the worship centers. ... Swamithoppe-Pathi is the head quarter of all the Pathis where Ayya Vaikundar spent most of his life. ... A Pathi (from a Tamil word meaning The place where God is) is an important centre of congregational worship for the South Indian religion of Ayyavazhi, having a relatively large structure like that of a temple. ... Smartism[1], (or Smarta Sampradaya, Smarta Tradition, as termed in Sanskrit), is a denomination of the Hindu religion. ... Advaita Vedanta (IAST ; Sanskrit ; IPA ) is a sub-school of the VedÄnta (literally, end or the goal of the Vedas, Sanskrit) school of Hindu philosophy. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Vishnu (IAST , Devanagari ), (honorific: Sri Vishnu) also known as Narayana is the Supreme Being (i. ... This article is about the Hindu God. ... Dvaita (Devanagari:à¤¦à¥à¤¬à¥ˆà¤¤, Kannada:à²¦à³à²µà³ˆà²¤) (also known as Tattvavada and Bheda-vada), a school of Vedanta (the most widespread Hindu philosophy) founded by Madhvacharya, stresses a strict distinction between God (Vishnu) and the individual living beings (jivas). ... VishishtAdvaita Vedanta (IAST ;Sanskrit: à¤µà¤¿à¤¶à¤¿à¤·à¥à¤Ÿà¤¾à¤¦à¥à¤µà¥ˆà¤¤)) is a sub-school of the VedÄnta (literally, end or the goal of the Vedas, Sanskrit) school of Hindu philosophy, the other major sub-schools of VedÄnta being Advaita and Dvaita. ... Ayyavazhi says that all which exists in this Universe are one and all we see are different forms of a same thing. ...

Ayyavazhi's differs from other Hindus in their recognition of a Satan-like figure Kroni, the primordial personification of evil who manifests in various forms such as Ravana and Duryodhana in different ages or yugas. God, as Vishnu, becomes incarnate in his avatars, including Rama, Krishna and eventually Vaikundar, in order to destroy the foremost evil.^[72] This article is about the concept of Satan. ... Kroni is a mythical figure found in Ayyavazhi mythology. ... A depiction of Ravana, Hindu rakshasa King of Lanka In Hinduism, Ravana (Devanagari: à¤°à¤¾à¤µà¤£, Telugu: à°°à°¾à°µà°£à°¾à°¸à±à°°à±à°¡à± IAST ; sometimes transliterated as Raavana or Ravan or Revana) is the principal antagonist of Rama in the Hindu epic, the Ramayana. ... Duryodhana as depicted in Yakshagana popular drama from Karnataka In the Hindu epic the Mahabharata, Duryodhana (à¤¦à¥à¤°à¥à¤¯à¥‹à¤§à¤¨) is the eldest son of the blind king Dhritarashtra by Queen Gandhari, the eldest of the one hundred Kaurava brothers, and the chief antagonist of the Pandavas. ... Yuga (DevnÄgari: à¤¯à¥à¤—) in Hindu philosophy refers to an epoch or era within a cycle of four ages: the Satya Yuga (or Krita Yuga), the Treta Yuga, the Dvapara Yuga and finally the Kali Yuga. ... See Avatar (disambiguation) for other meanings. ... Rama ( in IAST, in DevanÄgarÄ«) or Ramachandra is a legendary or historical king of ancient India. ... This article is about the Hindu deity. ...

Kali, regarded as the spirit of Kroni in Kali Yuga is said to be omnipresent in this age and this is one of the reasons why the followers of Ayyavazhi, like other Hindus, believe that the current yuga, Kali Yuga, is decadent. Kali Yuga, a mundane world separated from spirituality will give rise to a time known as Dharma Yukam, a spiritual world.^[73] Charity is Ayyavazhi's primary mission on the social ground and Anna Dharmam (offerings of food) can be seen in Ayyavazhi centres of worship at least once a month.^[74] Kaliyan was the sixth fragment of the primordial manifestation of Kroni (evil) according to Akilam, the source of Ayyavazhi mythology and the holy book of Ayyavazhi religion. ... Kali Yuga is also the title of a book by Roland Charles Wagner. ... Kali Yuga is also the title of a book by Roland Charles Wagner. ... The Dharma Yukam or Satya Yuga is the eighth or final yukam (aeon or age), according to Ayyavazhi mythology. ... Inter-dining was an important activity that originated in the gatherings of Ayyavazhi. ...

Symbolism

The symbol of representation of Ayyavazhi is a lotus carrying a flame-shaped white 'Namam'.^[75] The lotus represents the 1,008-petalled Sahasrara (in Tamil, Ladam) and the Namam represents the Aanma Jyothi or atman.^[75] Both of the Ayyavazhi scriptures^[76]^[77] refers to Thirunamam('flame shaped symbol' present in the top of the Lotus in the Ayyavazhi symbol), but not the Lotus. The symbol is the ideological summary of Akilam-based philosophy. This symbol is in practise from the mid 20th century.^[78] Image File history File linksMetadata Ayyavazhi_Sahasrara. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Ayyavazhi_Sahasrara. ... Sahasrara is the highest primary chakra according to the Hindu Tantric tradition (Shakta). ... Though Akilam the scripture of Ayyavazhi does not points out any symbol directly, there are a few symbols which are used for representing Ayyavazhi which come into parctise gradually. ... Binomial name Gaertn. ... Thirunamam Thiru (word representing sacredness) + Namam (name), --> The Sacred name. ... Sahasrara is the highest primary chakra according to the Hindu Tantric tradition (Shakta). ... Tamil ( ; IPA ) is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamils in India and Sri Lanka, with smaller communities of speakers in many other countries. ... The Atman or Atma (IAST: Ä€tmÄ, sanskrit: à¤†à¤¤à¥à¤®â€ ) is a philosophical term used within Hinduism and Vedanta to identify the soul. ... Thiru(word representing sacredness) + Namam(name) represents (The Sacred name). ...

The mythical narration of akilam about the eight yugas is often viewed philosophically as eight chakras.^[79] The first Neetiya Yukam, is Bindu and the final state, Dharma Yukam is Sahasrara or absolute bliss. In this series energy of consciousness(Namam) of oneself is asked to be raised from Bindu (Neetiya Yukam) to the final Sahasrara (Dharma Yukam) the lotus, the highest spiritual center of enlightenment, to experience the absolute 'bliss'.^[80] The reigning power in the final Dharma Yukam (Sahasrara) is Ekam, which is a part of Vaikundar as per Trinity conception, or the supreme absolute.^[75] Ayyavazhi's symbol seems to be derived from Akilam, and the symbol, 'Lotus with Thirunamam' shows "Vaikundar's experienced in Sahasrara." Yuga (DevnÄgari: à¤¯à¥à¤—) in Hindu philosophy refers to an epoch or era within a cycle of four ages: the Satya Yuga (or Krita Yuga), the Treta Yuga, the Dvapara Yuga and finally the Kali Yuga. ... For the Naruto jutsu, see Chakra (Naruto). ... This article is confusing for some readers, and needs to be edited for clarity. ... Bindu is an Indian concept that signifies action (as in worship or prayer) - a concept that can take the meaning of a single dot. ... The Dharma Yukam or Satya Yuga is the eighth or final yukam (aeon or age), according to Ayyavazhi mythology. ... Consciousness is a quality of the mind generally regarded to comprise qualities such as subjectivity, self-awareness, sentience, sapience, and the ability to perceive the relationship between oneself and ones environment. ... This article is confusing for some readers, and needs to be edited for clarity. ... This is the term used in Akilattirattu Ammanai the holy book of Ayyavazhi to represent The Ultimate Oneness, and in Thiruvasakam - 2 it was stated that it was from this Ekam all this objects including the separate Godheads, Devas, Asuras etc of the Universe formed. ... The Ayyavazhi Trinity is the Incarnation of God in this Kali Yukam. ...

As per certain Hindu legends this Sahasrara chakra has '1000 petals' .^[81] But in Ayyavazhi symbolism it was considered as having '1008' petals. In Ayyavazhi there is no scriptural background to indicate the importance of '1000', but the number '1008' is commonly mentioned. Also the incarnation year of Vaikundar is 1008 M.E (Malayalam Era). Backing these scriptural identities, 1008 petal lotus are followed in Ayyavazhi symbolism.^[79] Since the Sahasrara is symbolised as Lotus, no stem is drawn for the lotus. A Nizhal Thangal à®¨à®¿à®´à®²à¯ à®¤à®¾à®™à¯à®•à®²à¯ (also called Narayana Swamy Temple) is a simple temple of the Ayyavazhi religion built per the instructions of Akilattirattu Ammanai by commoners in order to worship without distinction of color, race or caste. ... Thiruvattaru is a panchayat town in Kanniyakumari district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. ... Sahasrara is the highest primary chakra according to the Hindu Tantric tradition (Shakta). ... This article discusses the adherents of Hinduism. ... Though Akilam the scripture of Ayyavazhi does not points out any symbol directly, there are a few symbols which are used for representing Ayyavazhi which come into parctise gradually. ... Though Akilam the scripture of Ayyavazhi does not points out any symbol directly, there are a few symbols which are used for representing Ayyavazhi which come into parctise gradually. ... Binomial name Gaertn. ...

Also a new building architecture has been developed in constructing Nizhal Thangals where the inverted Lotus petals (as in sahasrara) is used as a design over the roof.^[82] The lotus may also represents the heart and the flame shape (Thirunamam), the divinity.^[83] Ayyavazhi has used other symbols including Vaishnavite ' Triple Namam '(not used currently), and Conch. This page is about the muscular organ, the Heart. ... Vaishnavism is one of the principal traditions of Hinduism, and is distinguished from other schools by its primary worship of Vishnu (and his associated avatars) as the Supreme God. ... Species Strombus gigas Strombus luhuanus Strombus pugilis Strombus tricornis Strombus canarium Strombus dolomena Strombus gibberulus Strombus conomurex Strombus lentigo Strombus doxander Strombus urceus Strombus fragilis Strombus gallus Strombus dentatus Strombus marginatus Strombus raninus Strombus buvonius A conch (pronounced in the U.S.A. as konk or conch, IPA: or ) [1...

Teachings and impact

While the majority of Ayyavazhi's key teachings can be found in the book Akilattirattu Ammanai, other teachings are collated from various books believed to be written by unknown authors whose works feature in the Arul Nool.^[84] Like Dharma, the other teachings of Ayyavazhi are twofold, sociological and mystical. The mystical teachings are devoted to revealing divine knowledge while social teachings are primarily concerned with eliminating inequality and discrimination in society. The teachings encourage a close relationship with God, rather than one of fear. Followers are encouraged to refer to God as Ayya, "dear father", and thus to strengthen their intimacy and affection towards God.^[85] This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Ayyavazhi mystics highly focus on supreme oneness.^[86] In the midst of all variations the theology always maintains this oneness sharply. The evil of Kali is the one which blocks that ultimate or supreme oneness prevailing between individual souls and the universe, giving an individuality and extreme pride for them and make them departing from the quality of the oneness and motivating against it.^[87] Ekam — The 'over-soul' or the supreme soul, is termed as the whole existence with changeless nature and ubiquity which is viewed by individual souls as, 'one which undergoes different changes with respect to space and time' because of the evil force, maya influencing them.^[88] In Hinduism, Kali (DevnÄgari: ; Gujarati: ; IAST: ; IPA:) is the reigning lord of Kali Yuga and nemesis of Sri Kalki, the 10th and final avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. ... Oneness is a spiritual term referring to the experience of the absence of egoic identity boundaries, and, according to some traditions, the realization of the awareness of the absolute interconnectedness of all matter and thought in space-time, or ones ultimate identity with God (see Tat Tvam Asi). ... The Self is a complex and core subject in many forms of spirituality. ... In spirituality, and especially nondual, mystical and eastern meditative traditions, the human being is often conceived as being in the illusion of individual existence, and separateness from other aspects of creation. ... In special relativity and general relativity, time and three-dimensional space are treated together as a single four-dimensional pseudo-Riemannian manifold called spacetime. ... Maya (illusion) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...

All creations are evolved from this Ekam, the supreme consciousness.^[89] So all the qualities of Ekam are within each soul, which evolved from it. It also says that each and every individual soul is a reflection or mirror image of the absolute Supreme, Ekam^[90] which is also the spiritual synonym for the mirror-worship in Ayyavazhi. Human and all other souls are restricted to the limits by the evil Kali. This is the reason why individual souls are not able to attain the supreme bliss and so these souls are considered secondary to Ekam. Once a soul overcomes the influence of maya it gets unified with Ekam. Its individuality is no more and thereby it is Ekam.^[91] On the other hand this supreme consciousness is personified as Paramatma (over-soul) by which, God is taught to be the 'Husband', while all other souls are his consorts^[92] which is symbolised by Thirukkalyana Ekanai where Vaikundar marry the individual souls.^[92] Also, the philosophy applies a common formula for the creationism of human beings and the rest of the universe, so whatever exists externally to human beings exists also internally.^[93] Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 748 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (1700 Ã— 1362 pixels, file size: 172 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 748 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (1700 Ã— 1362 pixels, file size: 172 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... This is the term used in Akilattirattu Ammanai the holy book of Ayyavazhi to represent The Ultimate Oneness, and in Thiruvasakam - 2 it was stated that it was from this Ekam all this objects including the separate Godheads, Devas, Asuras etc of the Universe formed. ... For the philosophical movement, see Existentialism. ... The Dvapara Yuga is the third out of four yugas, or ages in the Hindu religion. ... In Hindu theology, Paramatman is Absolute Atman or Supreme Soul. ... Thirukkalyana Ekanai was an important part in Akilattirattu Ammanai the religious book of Ayyavazhi, in which Ayya Vaikundar unified all the atmans (souls) of this universe into Himself. ... Creationism is a religious belief that humanity, life, the Earth, and the universe were created in their original form by a deity or deities (often the Abrahamic God of Judaism, Christianity and Islam), whose existence is presupposed. ... Human beings are defined variously in biological, spiritual, and cultural terms, or in combinations thereof. ...

Ayyavazhi clearly and explicitly condemns the Hindu caste system in its social teachings.^[94] From inception, it has also served as an institution for social reform, particularly in the area of Travancore, which was noted for its unusually strong caste system culture.^[95] In this social contest, the intermingling of the castes brought about in Ayyavazhi centres was one of the vital elements in the transformation of society.^[96]

Sociologically speaking, Ayya Vaikundar was the first^[97] to succeed as a social reformer^[98]^[99] in launching political struggle,^[100] social renaissance^[101]^[102] as well as religious reformation^[103] in the country.^[104] Vaikundar was the pioneer of the social revolutionaries of Tamil Nadu^[105] and Kerala.^[106] He was also said to be the fore runner of all social reformers of India.^[107] Ayyavazhi displayed sympathy for the laboring classes, and opposition to the often excessive taxes they were forced to pay.^[108] From the beginning, Ayyavazhi has also taken a strong stand against political oppression, perhaps most clearly exemplified in the characterizations of the Thiruvithkanur king as Kalineesan, (one who is a captive of Kali) and of the British as Venneesan (the white neesan) in the social sense.^[109]^[110] It was the first ever fought Movement for Human Rights and Social Equality. ^[107]In addition it also created many social changes in the southern India^[111] impinging greatly on society highly resulting in social and self-respect movements broke out such as Upper cloth agitation,^[106] Temple entry agitation and other movements including that of Narayana Guru,^[112] Chattampi Swamikal,^[113] Vallalar,^[114] Ayyankali etc. Venneesan was a mythical figure found in Ayyavazhi mythology. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Temple Entry Proclamation issued by Maharaja Shri Chithira Thirunnal Baala Rama Varma in 1936 abolished the ban on the untouchable or avarnas from entering Hindu Temples in the state of Thiruvathamkoor (now part of Kerala, India). ... Narayana Guru It has been suggested that the section Sri Narayana Guru from the article Ezhava be merged into this article or section. ... Chattampi Swamikal Chattampi Swamikal (b:1853 - d:1924) was a Hindu sage and one of Keralaâ€™s famed religious and social reformer. ... Vallalar (1823-05-10 - 1873-01-23) was a Hindu saint. ... Ayyankali (1863 - 1914) was a leader of the Indian lower caste Dalits (Untouchables). Ayyankali was born in 1863 at Perunkattuvila in Venganoor, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. ...

Worship centres

The followers of Ayyavazhi established 'Pathis' and 'Nizhal Thangals' , which are centres of worship and religious learning in different parts of the country.^[115] They served as centres for propagation of the beliefs and practices of Ayyavazhi.^[115] There are thousands of Nizhal Thangals^[116] throughout India^[117]^[118] mostly in South India.^[119] As per a research paper from Madurai Kamaraj University there are more than 8000 worship centres in Tamil Nadu and Kerala alone.^[120] The London Missionary Society (LMS) Reports of the mid-19th century also speaks in abundance about Nizhal Thangals.^[121] Since Ayyavazhi is not organised, Swamithope pathi serves, religiously as the headquarters of all. The Pathis earns more importance among the worship centres.^[115] Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (943x631, 1102 KB) I took this photograph. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (943x631, 1102 KB) I took this photograph. ... A Nizhal Thangal à®¨à®¿à®´à®²à¯ à®¤à®¾à®™à¯à®•à®²à¯ (also called Narayana Swamy Temple) is a simple temple of the Ayyavazhi religion built per the instructions of Akilattirattu Ammanai by commoners in order to worship without distinction of color, race or caste. ... CSI Church in Martandam Vedisasthan Kovil Vedisasthan Kovil another View Martandam is the second biggest town next to Nagercoil & also a major trade centre across National Highway (NH 47) in the Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu, India, at the border with Kerala. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... The worship centers of Ayyavazhi include Pathis and Nizhal Thangals. ... Madurai Kamaraj University, located in Madurai town (in southern Tamil Nadu, India) established in 1966, has 18 Schools comprising 72 Departments. ... The London Missionary Society was a non-denominational missionary society formed in England in 1795 by evangelical Anglicans and Nonconformists, largely Congregationalist in outlook, with missions in the islands of the South Pacific and Africa. ...

Pathis which are seven in number^[55], obtain their significance from the fact that Vaikundar and his activities were historically associated with these centres of worship.^[115] Since Ayyavazhi is not an organised religion the Swamithope pathi though considered as religious head-quarters, it officially does not control the rest of the religious centres. All Pathis, except itself are managed by independently formed committees.^[122] The five Pathis collectively known as Pancha pathi, are considered primary among Pathis. A Pathi (from a Tamil word meaning The place where God is) is an important centre of congregational worship for the South Indian religion of Ayyavazhi, having a relatively large structure like that of a temple. ... Pancha pathi (Tamil:The five abodes of God) are the five important pilgrim centers of Ayyavazhi religion. ...

Nizhal Thangals, compared with Pathis generally, were simple small structures built for the purpose of worship and for learning the teachings of Vaikundar. They served also as centres of School education during the early days.^[123] Food and shelter were offered to the needy in these centres.^[124] Some of them were established when Vaikundar was alive. Among them Arul Nool specifies seven Thangals^[125] and those are considered primary to the others. Even now charity is one of the main activities conducted in these centres.^[126] The seven Nizhal Thangals which are mentioned in Arul Nool are considered primary among Thangals. A Nizhal Thangal à®¨à®¿à®´à®²à¯ à®¤à®¾à®™à¯à®•à®²à¯ (also called Narayana Swamy Temple) is a simple temple of the Ayyavazhi religion built per the instructions of Akilattirattu Ammanai by commoners in order to worship without distinction of color, race or caste. ...

These centres are considered the abode of Dharma. The Nizhal Thangals formed an important institution in the socio-religious life of the people of Ayyavazhi. Panividai may be conducted up to three times daily, but all worship centres provide Panividai at least once daily. Ayyavazhi rituals says about the religious practices prevalent among the followers of Ayyavazhi. ...

Ethics

The 'ethics of Ayyavazhi' being integrated with the meta-narrative mythography are found throughout the primary scripture, Akilattirattu Ammanai.^[127] Regarding ethics, Arul Nool is an accumulation of the core concepts found in Akilam.^[128] In Akilam, the ethical abstracts are pointed out as "told by God" at several places at different situations to lesser god-heads, devas, saints, etc. when ever asked by them. Image File history File linksMetadata Flag_mast_of_Swamithoppe. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Flag_mast_of_Swamithoppe. ... Swamithoppe-Pathi is the head quarter of all the Pathis where Ayya Vaikundar spent most of his life. ... The ethics of Ayyavazhi are found scattered throughout the primary scripture, Akilattirattu Ammanai. ... For other uses, see Deva (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Saint (disambiguation). ...

Neetham is the primary virtues of Ayyavazhi. This shows how society, its people, the ruling king, etc., lived in absolute harmony with nature, placing the power of almighty in all their works, deeds and activities, during early ages. In return, nature and the divine beings protect the society which follows the Neetham. Chastity and 'life in ultimate union with nature' form the central theme, an ethical form that is to be followed. As in Akilam, Vinchai are the rules and regulations provided by God (Narayana) to Vaikundar. There are three such Vinchais. These were regulations provided by the Father, Narayana to the Son Vaikundar. Acts found there also fit to humans to improve their moral code. The first Vinchai of Tiruchendur forms the largest ethical accumulation found in Akilam.^[127] Neetham à®¨à¯€à®¤à®®à¯ is the primary Virtues of Ayyavazhi Religion. ... This article needs to be wikified. ...

To an extent, the Dharmic teachings in Ayyavazhi are also considered as ethics. Charity in social ethics and 'attempting to realise the ultimate truth of oneness' in spirituality are the ethical codes under the banner of Ayyavazhi dharma. Akilam also gives separate ethics for Devas also.^[129] Also it is notable that the Ayyavazhi ethics undergo a vast deviation from the incarnation of Vaikundar since a universal change took place then.^[129] Over all, as the foremost ethical code, people are advocated to overcome the evil force kalimayai, with the weapon of love, forbearance and peace since Kaliyan as maya, is ruling the minds of people. The Akilattirattu Ammanai the scripture of Ayyavazhi teaches Dharma on two different perspective. ... For other uses, see Deva (disambiguation). ... Kalimayai is the illusion caused by the evil spirit of Kali Yukam, (not the Hindu deity kali) according to Akilattirattu Ammanai the source of Ayyavazhi mythology. ... Maya (illusion) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...

Arul Nool constitutes the major role in forming the rules and regulations of Ayyavazhi including ethics. It gives separately the social as well as divine ethics. The Sivakanda Athikara Pathiram here is the section especially dedicated to teach the ethics. The rituals, especially circumambulations are told to be followed to wash-out the sin committed related to immoral thinking. This is one of the sub-sections of Arul Nool which was the secondary scripture of Ayyavazhi. ... Circumambulation is the act of walking around something. ...

Religiosity – study circle

It is difficult to give a clear-cut listing to Ayyavazhi concepts because of the relation the Ayyavazhi scriptures maintains with the Hindu scriptures. Akilam primarily says the central themes of the existing scriptures (that of Hindu) had gone awry by the advent of Vaikundar. It also narrates that, Akilam is given to mankind as an alternative because Kaliyan destroy the original vedas and Shastras and at the beginning of Kali Yuga several additions were given to the previous scriptures by him.^[130] These both view points give the view of Akilam on Hindu Scriptures, and place them as reasons for rejecting them. Image File history File linksMetadata The_Green_Lotus. ... Image File history File linksMetadata The_Green_Lotus. ... The Symbol of Ayyavazhi The symbol of Ayyavazhi consist of a Lotusof 1008 petals carrying a Flame, in which the lotus represents the Sahasrathalam and the Flame represents Atman or Aanma. ... The religious studies of Ayyavazhi are based primarily on the Ayyavazhi scriptures. ... Hindu scriptures Hindu scripture is overwhelmingly written in Sanskrit. ...

The philosophy, terms and myth of the Ayyavazhi scriptures are the basis of religious study on Ayyavazhi theology.^[131] But several terms quoted in Akilam couldn't be understood wholly unless by referring to the descriptive details of those terms in Hindu sriptures. For example, if the 96 tatvas are understood, then the Kaliyan is understood. Therefore theologians and philosophers nowadays turn to Hindu scriptures to further their understanding of the tatvas as properties of Human body, which are not elaborated upon in Akilam.^[132] How ever, to understand Akilam and its Philosophy, one should have a basic knowledge over the Hindu ideas and concepts. Since Akilam have no different view in this matter from Hindu scriptures, it was left to be gathered from there. This article needs copyediting (checking for proper English spelling, grammar, usage, etc. ... Tatvas are the 96 qualities or properties of human body according to Akilattirattu Ammanai, the religious book of Ayyavazhi. ... Kaliyan was the sixth fragment of the primordial manifestation of Kroni (evil) according to Akilam, the source of Ayyavazhi mythology and the holy book of Ayyavazhi religion. ... This article discusses the adherents of Hinduism. ...

On mythical studies, Akilam covers almost the entire main mythology of Hinduism including Mahabharata, Ramayana, Kantha Purana, Vishnu Purana, etc but with limited details. It includes only the main events which are directly linked to the main-stream story flow. But to undergo a detailed study on each, the appropriate Hindu scriptures which includes those events in detail, needed to be referred. It provides all these collectively in brief with an over-all story line, which makes it unique. Many philosophical concepts from Hinduism are found in Akilam; some of them are completely accepted, some are regenerated, while others are rejected by omitting. For other uses, see Myth (disambiguation). ... Hindu mythology is a term used by modern scholarship for a large body of Indian literature that details the lives and times of legendary personalities, deities and divine incarnations on earth interspersed with often large sections of philosophical and ethical discourse. ... For the film by Peter Brook, see The Mahabharata (1989 film). ... For the television series by Ramanand Sagar, see Ramayan (TV series). ... The Vishnu Purana is one of the oldest of the Puranas (dating to maybe the 5th century), containing some 23,000 shlokas, presented as a dialogue between Parasara with his disciple Maitreya. ... Hindu scriptures Hindu scripture is overwhelmingly written in Sanskrit. ...

Generally it was considered that once a particular concept is not found well-described in Ayyavazhi scriptures, such as Akilattirattu Ammanai or Arul Nool (as detail as in Hindu scriptures), and instead simply have quoted and the rest is left to be found from there, then that particular conception is accepted as in Hindu scriptures for religious studies. But once Akilam have different views over something from that of the existing (Hindu) scriptures, then it would be found deeply described in Akilam itself and hence no need for referring other scriptures.^[133]

God

The theology of Ayyavazhi differs from other monistic religions.^[134] It speaks of Ekam, the ultimate Oneness from which all that which exists formed and also an 'oneness' that exists behind all differences. The Ekam, which is articulated as the supreme divine power itself is supposed to remain unaffected by maya deep inside every changeable matters as an absolute constant. So in theological terms God is, in the highest sense, one, formless, infinite, genderless, beyond Time and space etc. Also notably, the term Ekam in Tamil language give simply the meanings, 'one', 'absolute' ^[135] 'the whole which exist' ,^[136] 'the incomparable' ^[137] which all give some sort of direct monistic definition about god from Ayyavazhi theology. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1361x838, 148 KB) I created this image. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1361x838, 148 KB) I created this image. ... This is the term used in Akilattirattu Ammanai the holy book of Ayyavazhi to represent The Ultimate Oneness, and in Thiruvasakam - 2 it was stated that it was from this Ekam all this objects including the separate Godheads, Devas, Asuras etc of the Universe formed. ... Ayya Vaikundar was the Manu avathar (to born as a human being) of Lord Narayana according to Akilattirattu Ammanai the holy script of Ayyavazhi religion. ... This article needs copyediting (checking for proper English spelling, grammar, usage, etc. ... For other uses, see Monist (disambiguation). ... The Absolute is the totality of things; all that is, whether it has been discovered or not. ... Infinity is a word carrying a number of different meanings in mathematics, philosophy, theology and everyday life. ...

Narrating through mythology, The 'Sivam' (mass) and the 'Sakthi' (force) are the first to get evolved from Ekam. The 'Natham' (voice), Trimurthi, other lesser gods and the entire universe further evolved. Siva, one among the Trimurthi was the supreme power till Kali Yuga. Vishnu is the supreme from the advent of Kali Yuga. Then from the incarnation of Vaikundar, again the powers of all god-heads, including that of Vishnu is transformed to Vaikundar. Ekam, the supreme power which is one among the Trinity, takes a place within Vaikundar for the present age. Therefore, Vaikundar is said to be the only worshipable and supreme power. But on the other hand a quote from Akilam thirteen says this supreme oneness (Ekam) itself is created by Vaikundar, who is a personified universal power. In this regard Ayyavazhi is more monotheistic rather than monistic. No other god-heads, even the Father of Vaikundar, Narayana have not gained an equal or greater status than Ekam. Vaikundar is a turine power who includes the qualities of the Santror, Narayana and Ekam within himself. The Ayyavazhi Trinity is the Incarnation of God in this Kali Yukam. ... This is one of the sub-sections of Akilattirattu Ammanai the Primary scripture of Ayyavazhi, one of the fastest growing religions of India. ... For the Celtic Frost album, see Monotheist (album) In theology, monotheism (from Greek one and god) is the belief in the existence of one deity, or in the oneness of God. ... The Ayyavazhi Trinity is the Incarnation of God in this Kali Yukam. ...

In Ayyavazhi mythology, Kroni was personified as a devil, and was fragmented into six and was finally destroyed by a final judgment which is followed by the god-ruled Dharma Yukam. This narration gives some dualistic dimension to Ayyavazhi theology. But since most of the teachings of Arul Nool is monistic and since the final fragment of Kroni is said as 'Kalimayai' (the evil spirit) it was commonly accepted that the destruction of Maya is symbolised in such a way,^[138] which contrast the dualistic view on Ayyavazhi. Apart from all these, there are also separate quotes in Ayyavazhi scriptures which give pantheistic and panentheistic definition to Ayyavazhi theology. This is an overview of the Devil. ... For other uses, see Dualism (disambiguation). ... Pantheism (Greek: Ï€Î¬Î½ ( pan ) = all and Î¸ÎµÏŒÏ‚ ( theos ) = God) literally means God is All and All is God. It is the view that everything is of an all-encompassing immanent abstract God; or that the universe, or nature, and God are equivalent. ... Panentheism (from Greek (pÃ¢n) all; (en) in; and (TheÃ³s) god; all-in-God) is the theological position that God is immanent within the Universe, but also transcends it. ...

Festivals and rituals

There are basically two yearly festivals for Ayyavazhi. The Ayya Vaikunda Avataram is celebrated on the 20th day of the Tamil month Masi (March - April). This is the only Ayyavazhi festival, to be celebrated as per the Solar calendar.^[139] The mass procession conducted on this day from Nagercoil to Swamithoppe is a popular one in this part of the country.^[140] The Thiru Edu-Vasippu is a festival of seventeen days celebrated in the Tamil month of Karthigai (November - December).^[141] This celebration of textual reciting as a festival itself, is a unique feature to Ayyavazhi. Apart from this, there is a tri-yearly celebration of Kodiyettru Thirunal in Swamithope. Another unique feature is the celebration of every day as a festival in Swamithope, called as 'Nitham Thirunal' .^[142] This is the festival celebrated in Swamithoppepathi for eleven days. ... Swamithoppe Pathi (Tamil: ), Swamithoppu-pathi, Manavaippathi, or Thalaimaippathi (Thalaimai (chief) + pathi) is the primary pathi of the Ayyavazhi, the head of all Worship centers of Ayyavazhi, and the place where Ayya Vaikundar is said to have performed the Tavam. ... This article is in need of attention. ... Ayyavazhi rituals says about the religious practices prevalent among the followers of Ayyavazhi. ... The Vaikunda Avataram is celebrated on the 20th day of the Tamil Month of Masi, the date at which Lord Vaikundar arose from the sea of Thiruchendur as the son of Mummorthies to destroy the evil spirit of KÃ¡li, not the Hindu deity, present in this Kali Yuga and... The Tamil Calendar is followed by the Tamil speaking state of Tamil Nadu and Kerala in India, and by the Tamil population in Malaysia, Singapore & Sri Lanka. ... A solar calendar is a calendar whose dates indicate the position of the earth on its revolution around the sun (or equivalently the apparent position of the sun moving on the celestial sphere). ... , Nagercoil (Tamil: à®¨à®¾à®•à®°à¯à®•à¯‹à®µà®¿à®²à¯) is a city and a municipality in Kanyakumari district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. ... Swamithoppe-Pathi is the head quarter of all the Pathis where Ayya Vaikundar spent most of his life. ... Thiru Edu-Vasippu is the festival of reading melodiousely the contents of Akilattirattu Ammanai celebrated in Pathis and Nizhal Thangals. ... This is the festival celebrated in Swamithoppepathi for eleven days. ...

In addition to the philosophical concepts and mythology, the rituals of Ayyavazhi evolved in their own way. Most of the rituals have different operational and historical meanings.^[143] Historically, the rituals were used or viewed as an attempt break the case based inequalities prevailed in the then society and to strengthen and uplift the sociologically downtrodden and ill-treated. Examples of this include the physical as well as spiritual cleanliness through Thuvayal Thavasu, eliminating untouchability through Thottunamam, self-respect and courage through headgear,^[144] and unifying various castes through Muthirikkinaru.^[145] But they reveal on the other hand, high philosophical ideas preached in a ritual language. â€œCleanupâ€ redirects here. ...

The Muthirikkinaru and Thirunamam is treated religiously as if the 'Patham and Namam' of it has the power to heal all sorts of mental^[146] as well as physical illness.^[144]^[147] Thuvayal thavasu is suggested to be followed as a training to reach the ultimate aim of Dharma Yukam.^[148] The usage of head-gear as the crown to reveal that 'all are kings', visualising an ideology similar to advaita. Also Ayyavazhi scriptures succeeded very much in making understand this commonly insensible thing (Philosophical ideas) to the common mass. The individual rituals, the ecstatic religiosity, and the ritual healing which are the features of Ayyavazhi worship contributed to the formation of an idea of emancipation and a social discourse.^[149] It attempts to uplift and treat the disenfranchised. Another important thing to be noted is, the alternative phrases religiously used in Ayyavazhi universe different from Hinduism, to represent certain practices. Image File history File linksMetadata Churul. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Churul. ... Muthirikinaru (Tamil:) Muthiri (affixing the seal) + Kinaru (well) means The sealed well. It is the sacred well located in the north-western corner of Swamithoppe village. ... Forms of worship and the features attendant on them can be said to be manifestations and indicators of the type of religiosity present in a religious universe. ... Ayyavazhi rituals says about the religious practices prevalent among the followers of Ayyavazhi. ...

Inclusiveness and exclusivity

This formula of inclusiveness and exclusivity as applied in the religio-cultural universe of Ayyavazhi is unique, since both the theories and mixed-up in Ayyavazhi scriptures. Its inclusive theory, accepts the views of different religions for a certain period of time, and from then onwards exclusively rejects all of them in its narrative. The Inclusiveness and exclusivity in Ayyavazhi is the inclusive and exclusive ideology of Ayyavazhi scriptures over other religions. ... Inclusivism, one of several approaches to understanding the relationship between religions, asserts that while one set of beliefs is absolutely true, other sets of beliefs are at least partially true. ... Exclusivity is the title of a number-one R&B single by Damian Dame. ...

Ayyavazhi accepts different God-heads of several religions such as the concept of 'Allah' and almost all God-heads in Hinduism.^[150] It also says that the one and the same God incarnates in different parts of the world at different time for rescuing the people from sufferings.^[150] But due to the advent of Kaliyan and because of the cruel nature of his boons, for the first time the supreme divine power, Ekam incarnates in the world as Vaikundar and so all the lesser God-heads and previous scriptures had lost their substances. So after the time of Vaikunda avatar, Vaikundar was said to be the only worshipable God and hence, the theology of Ayyavazhi was channeled towards exclusivism. Also the manner in which Akilam treats the scriptures of different religions is complicated. Akilam says that Vaikundar was the one who incarnates as Jesus and so it accepts Christ,^[150] but it did not recognise The Bible. It says that the Bible was created with the intention of man and not that of God.^[151] Likewise, Akilam accepts that the term 'Allah',^[150] but it rejects the religion of Islam and its ideas. Image File history File linksMetadata Ten_Incarnation_door. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Ten_Incarnation_door. ... Swamithoppe-Pathi is the head quarter of all the Pathis where Ayya Vaikundar spent most of his life. ... Palliyarai(Palli)+(Arai)is a tamil word used in Ayyavazhi to represent the Sanctum Sanctorium of the worship centers. ... See Avatar (disambiguation) for other meanings. ... Allah is the Arabic language word for God. ... Kaliyan was the sixth fragment of Kroni, the primordial Manifestation of Evil according to Akilattirattu Ammanai the Holy book of Ayyavazhi. ... This article is about the concept in Hindu philosophy. ... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ... For other uses, see Bible (disambiguation). ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ...

Ayyavazhi accepts various incarnations in Hinduism, but rejects the Hindu scriptures. It initially accepts Vedas.^[152] Later since Kaliyan had bought the Vedas as boon they too lost their substance by the advent of Kaliyan, and so had gone invalid. It also says that he (Kaliyan) had performed several additions and had hidden some of their content. And hence God incarnated as Vaikundar. So for the present age, Akilam is said to be the only 'Book of Perfection' . By this Ayyavazhi rejects all other scriptures and follows only its own. Akilam highly condemns the creation of religions especially exclusivistic religious and theological ideas. It shows them as the foremost Kali mayai (evil of Kali).^[153] The scriptures teach that God and his activities are beyond the reach of religions. It also preaches about universal oneness.^[2] Look up incarnation, incarnate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Kaliyan was the sixth fragment of Kroni, the primordial Manifestation of Evil according to Akilattirattu Ammanai the Holy book of Ayyavazhi. ... The Akilattirattu Ammanai and Arul Nool are the scriptures of Ayyavazhi. ...

Mythology

The mythology of Ayyavazhi narrates that the essence of this vision is an account of a history - a past, a present and a future - meant by weaving together of empirical facts, historical events as well as mythical accounts.^[154] It moves around three axiomatic typologies, namely Santror, Kali Yukam and Dharma Yukam, placing their base on the concepts and events of previous yugas which are associated also with Hindu mythology. The basic concepts give a symbolic vision which is at once religious and social.^[155] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Narayana (Sanskrit: à¤¨à¤¾à¤°à¤¾à¤¯à¤£; ) or Narayan is an important Sanskrit name for Vishnu and is in many contemporary vernaculars, a common Indian name. ... The Ayyavazhi Trinity is the Incarnation of God in this Kali Yukam. ... Ayyavazhi mythology is the mythology of the growing South Indian religious faith and offshoot of Hinduism known as Ayyavazhi. ... The Santror are the seven boys who were made to born by using the seven seeds from seven upper worlds, by Thirumal, to the Seven Virgins through their instrumentality, according to Ayyavazhi mythology. ... Hindu mythology is a term used by modern scholarship for a large body of Indian literature that details the lives and times of legendary personalities, deities and divine incarnations on earth interspersed with often large sections of philosophical and ethical discourse. ...

It is closely linked to that of Hinduism. Akilam talks about the previous yugas and the evolution of Kroni through them. Events, mythical characters, and concepts are shared with Hinduism,though may be engendered in different form. The number of Yugas and Avatars differs in Ayyavazhi from Hinduism. The personification of the entity of Evil for the current yuga, Kaliyan is unique to Ayyavazhi, and not found in Hinduism. Akilam says that the true concepts were destroyed, so that all previous scriptures had lost their substances due to the advent of Kali.^[156] Kroni is a mythical figure found in Ayyavazhi mythology. ... Kaliyan was the sixth fragment of the primordial manifestation of Kroni (evil) according to Akilam, the source of Ayyavazhi mythology and the holy book of Ayyavazhi religion. ...

The book also speaks of God incarnating in the world in the Kali Yukam (the present age) to destroy the evil spirit, the final and the most serious manifestation of Kroni. God incarnates as Vaikundar, and since Vaikundar lived recently, he was well-known in history. So in the second part of the mythology many mythical as well as historical facts were woven together. Most of the events such as Muthirikkinaru,^[157] Wearing of Headgear during worship,^[158] Thuvayal Thavasu^[159] all were noted in history. Kroni is a mythical figure found in Ayyavazhi mythology. ...

Though there are quotes in Arul Nool to accredit the ten Avatars of Vishnu, it seems that they are not seen in equal status with these incarnations (as in the table). It was considered secondary to the primary avatars which are associated with the destructions of the fragments of Kroni. This view, is not inconsistent with Hinduism as only Narasimha, Rama and Krishna are considered the primary avatars who are still worshipped. The other avatars are considered secondary avatars who are not worshipped. Yuga (DevnÄgari: à¤¯à¥à¤—) in Hindu philosophy refers to an epoch or era within a cycle of four ages: the Satya Yuga (or Krita Yuga), the Treta Yuga, the Dvapara Yuga and finally the Kali Yuga. ... In Hinduism and its spiritual systems of yoga and in some related eastern cultures, as well as in some segments of the New Age movement, a chakra (from the Sanskrit word चक्र meaning wheel, circle) is thought to be an energy node in the human body. ... In Hindu mythology, the Asura are a group of power-seeking deities, sometimes misleadingly referred to as demons. ... This article is about the concept in Hindu philosophy. ... This is the first of the eight yukams according to Ayyavazhi mythology. ... Bindu is an Indian concept that signifies action (as in worship or prayer) - a concept that can take the meaning of a single dot. ... Kroni is a mythical figure found in Ayyavazhi mythology. ... Narayana (Sanskrit: à¤¨à¤¾à¤°à¤¾à¤¯à¤£; ) or Narayan is an important Sanskrit name for Vishnu and is in many contemporary vernaculars, a common Indian name. ... In the second yukam called Chathura Yukam,accoording to Ayyavazhi mythology one of the six Pieces of Kroni was formed as a creature with the name of Kuntomasali with the shape and size of a mammoth leech, and when it disturbed the tavam of those in Thavalokam, Mayon destroyed it... Muladhara chakra is shown as having four petals, bearing the Sanskrit letters va, sya, sha, and sa. ... In the second yukam called Chathura Yukam,accoording to Ayyavazhi mythology one of the six Pieces of Kroni was formed as a creature with the name of Kuntomasali with the shape and size of a mammoth leech, and when it disturbed the tavam of those in Thavalokam, Mayon destroyed it... Narayana (Sanskrit: à¤¨à¤¾à¤°à¤¾à¤¯à¤£; ) or Narayan is an important Sanskrit name for Vishnu and is in many contemporary vernaculars, a common Indian name. ... Netu Yukam, according to Ayyavazhi mythology, was a time when another fragment of Kroni was created into two wicked persons called Thillaimallalan and Mallosivahanan. ... Swadhisthana chakra is shown as having six petals, bearing the Sanskrit letters ba, bha, ma, ya, ra, and la. ... Netu Yukam, according to Ayyavazhi mythology, was a time when another fragment of Kroni was created into two wicked persons called Thillaimallalan and Mallosivahanan. ... Netu Yukam, according to Ayyavazhi mythology, was a time when another fragment of Kroni was created into two wicked persons called Thillaimallalan and Mallosivahanan. ... Thirumal Thirumal is One among the Three Great Godheads or Trimurti in Ayyavazhi mythology and is a Tamil name for Sriman Narayana. ... The introduction of this article does not provide enough context for readers unfamiliar with the subject. ... Manipura chakra is shown as having ten petals, bearing the Sanskrit letters dda, ddha, nna, ta, tha, da, dha, na, pa, and pha. ... Surapadman getting slained by Murugan Surapadman is a demon of Sri Lanka who was slained by Lord Muruga in Hindu mythology. ... In Hinduism, Hiranyakashipu (or Hiranyakasipu) was a demon whose younger brother, Hiranyaksha was killed by Varaha, one of the avatars of Vishnu. ... This article is about the Hindu deity Skanda; for the Buddhist bodhisattva Skanda, see Skanda (Bodhisattva). ... Yoga Narasimha form at a temple in Vijayanagara, Hampi, India (man-lion) (also spelt as Narasingh, Narasinga) (à¤¨à¤°à¤¸à¤¿à¤‚à¤¹ in Devanagari) is described as the fourteenth incarnation (avatara) of Vishnu within the Puranic texts of Hinduism [1] who takes the form of half-man / half-lion, having a human torso and lower... Treta Yuga is the second out of four yugas, or epochs, in the religion of Hinduism, following Satya Yuga and preceding Dwapar Yuga. ... Anahata is the fourth primary chakra according to the Hindu Yogic and Tantric (Shakta) traditions. ... A depiction of Ravana, Hindu rakshasa King of Lanka In Hinduism, Ravana (Devanagari: à¤°à¤¾à¤µà¤£, Telugu: à°°à°¾à°µà°£à°¾à°¸à±à°°à±à°¡à± IAST ; sometimes transliterated as Raavana or Ravan or Revana) is the principal antagonist of Rama in the Hindu epic, the Ramayana. ... Rama ( in IAST, in DevanÄgarÄ«) or Ramachandra is a legendary or historical king of ancient India. ... The Dvapara Yuga is the third out of four yugas, or ages in the Hindu religion. ... Vishuddha is the fifth primary chakra according to the Hindu Tantric tradition (Shakta). ... Duryodhana as depicted in Yakshagana popular drama from Karnataka In the Hindu epic the Mahabharata, Duryodhana (à¤¦à¥à¤°à¥à¤¯à¥‹à¤§à¤¨) is the eldest son of the blind king Dhritarashtra by Queen Gandhari, the eldest of the one hundred Kaurava brothers, and the chief antagonist of the Pandavas. ... This article is about the Hindu deity. ... Kali Yuga is also the title of a book by Roland Charles Wagner. ... Ajna is the sixth primary chakra according to the Indian Tantric tradition (Shakta). ... Kaliyan was the sixth fragment of the primordial manifestation of Kroni (evil) according to Akilam, the source of Ayyavazhi mythology and the holy book of Ayyavazhi religion. ... The Ayyavazhi Trinity is the Incarnation of God in this Kali Yukam. ... The Dharma Yukam or Satya Yuga is the eighth or final yukam (aeon or age), according to Ayyavazhi mythology. ... Sahasrara is the highest primary chakra according to the Hindu Tantric tradition (Shakta). ... Ayya Vaikundar (Tamil: à®…à®¯à¯à®¯à®¾ à®µà¯ˆà®•à¯à®£à¯à®Ÿà®°à¯), according to Akilattirattu Ammanai, a scripture of the Ayyavazhi, was a Manu (father, sovereign) avatar (the incarnation of a deity) of Narayana. ... Yoga Narasimha form at a temple in Vijayanagara, Hampi, India (man-lion) (also spelt as Narasingh, Narasinga) (à¤¨à¤°à¤¸à¤¿à¤‚à¤¹ in Devanagari) is described as the fourteenth incarnation (avatara) of Vishnu within the Puranic texts of Hinduism [1] who takes the form of half-man / half-lion, having a human torso and lower...

Santror and dharma yukam

The Santror are the subject of the religious vision of Ayyavazhi.^[160] There is both a religious and a social category in its connotation.^[161] In the social sense, it is believed that the term Santror fits rightly to the early 'Chanars' who were called by the Arabs as "Al Hind", and known in Biblical times as the "People of Five Rivers", and now scattered with more than 250 branches through-out the world.^[162] But in turn, in ideological sense and from the literary meaning of the term 'Santror' in Tamil, it represents one who is noble and lives with dignity^[163] and supreme knowledge,^[164] giving an inclusive character and universal reach. A quote from Akilam reads, "Chanars (Santror) are those who have the ability to see 'the invisible' constantly."^[161] Image File history File linksMetadata Borassus_shape. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Borassus_shape. ... Species See text. ... In Greek mythology, nectar and ambrosia are the food of the gods. ... The Santror are the seven boys who were made to born by using the seven seeds from seven upper worlds, by Thirumal, to the Seven Virgins through their instrumentality, according to Ayyavazhi mythology. ... According to most inrepretations of Hindu scriptures, the Kali Yuga (Iron Age) began at the end of Krishnas bodily lifespan (approximately 5100 years ago, 3102 BC) and will last exactly 432,000 years — placing its conclusion in the year AD 428,899 (it began with a year 0). ... The Santror are the seven boys who were made to born by using the seven seeds from seven upper worlds, by Thirumal, to the Seven Virgins through their instrumentality, according to Ayyavazhi mythology. ... The Dharma Yukam or Satya Yuga is the eighth or final yukam (aeon or age), according to Ayyavazhi mythology. ... The Santror are the seven boys who were made to born by using the seven seeds from seven upper worlds, by Thirumal, to the Seven Virgins through their instrumentality, according to Ayyavazhi mythology. ...

The Santror are given a historical background in Ayyavazhi mythology as seven boys who were made to born in the mythical river Ayodha Amirtha Vanam by using the seven seeds from seven upper worlds, by Thirumal, to the Seven virgins. Their lineage started at the end phase of Dvapara Yukam and continued through the Kali Yukam into the Dharma Yukam. Theologians interpret that these seven boys refers to the ancestors of the whole human race, and hence the term 'Santror' refers to the whole Human race.^[165]It is believed that Kali is being destroyed continuously by the activities of the Santror in the Path of Vaikundar, and so the Dharma Yukam unfolds eventually. In this sense they have a considerable roll in the destruction of Kali, the foremost evil. This Ayotha Amirtha Gangai is a mythical river found in Akilattirattu Ammanai the source of Ayyavazhi mythology. ... Thirumal Thirumal is One among the Three Great Godheads or Trimurti in Ayyavazhi mythology and is a Tamil name for Sriman Narayana. ... Dvapara Yuga is the third out of four yugas, or ages, in the religion of Hinduism. ... The Human Race could be: The Human race. ...

The Ayyavazhi proposes an emancipatory utopia under the banner of Dharma Yukam.^[166] The basis of the belief is that Ayya Vaikundar had come to establish and rule as the everlasting king^[167] over the Dharma Yukam in the place of Kali Yukam after sentencing Kroni to hell by the final judgment to him.^[168] The Dharma Yukam is narrated as beyond the limits of Time and space,^[169] though the Akilam gives space for the beliefs over karma and rebirth. Apart from this, the Dharma Yukam is often related to Moksha — the personal liberation, and to the state of Oneness too.^[170]^[171] The Dharma Yukam or Satya Yuga is the eighth or final yukam (aeon or age), according to Ayyavazhi mythology. ... Ayya Vaikundar (Tamil: à®…à®¯à¯à®¯à®¾ à®µà¯ˆà®•à¯à®£à¯à®Ÿà®°à¯), according to Akilattirattu Ammanai, a scripture of the Ayyavazhi, was a Manu (father, sovereign) avatar (the incarnation of a deity) of Narayana. ... This is the seventh of the Eight Yukams according to Ayyavazhi Mythology ... For other uses, see Karma (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Moksha (disambiguation). ...

Relation with Hinduism

The Hindu and Ayyavazhi ideology is closely tied to each other. The place where Ayyavazhi and Hinduism depart from each other is at the advent of Kali yuga. Akilam says that until Kali Yuga the Vedas and all other Hindu scriptures remain with divinity. Each of the gods in Hinduism also remain with all their powers. But from the beginning of Kali Yuga they and all their virtues collapsed.^[172] Kaliyan was a part of the mundane primordial manifestation who spread maya or illusion upon the existing scriptures and Devas.^[173] In Kali Yuga, all true scriptures are bound to maya and are unhelpful. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1856x1207, 542 KB) Summary The sacred Mt Kailash in Tibet, abode of Shiva and Parvati. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1856x1207, 542 KB) Summary The sacred Mt Kailash in Tibet, abode of Shiva and Parvati. ... Kailash may refer to: Mount Kailash Kailash (journal) This site tell about the Greatest of Gods Lord Shiva and also his gift to mankind, the Holy Rudraksha Bead This is a disambiguation page â€” a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Kaliyan was the sixth fragment of Kroni, the primordial Manifestation of Evil according to Akilattirattu Ammanai the Holy book of Ayyavazhi. ... Kaliyan was the sixth fragment of the primordial manifestation of Kroni (evil) according to Akilam, the source of Ayyavazhi mythology and the holy book of Ayyavazhi religion. ... This article is about the Hindu God. ... The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ... Hindu scriptures Hindu scripture is overwhelmingly written in Sanskrit. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Maya (illusion) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Maya (illusion) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...

On the other hand, there in Kailash, Siva believing the words of devas, created Kaliyan without discussing to Vishnu, he who had the responsibility to destroy the Kaliyan as per the previous deeds.^[174] So Vishnu refused to take birth in the world to destroy Kaliyan.^[175] So Siva and Brahma surrendered all their powers to Vishnu.^[176] Till this event, Siva is the supreme power as per Akilam. This is a theological idea similar to Shaivism, where Siva is supreme to all. But from now onwards Vishnu was the supreme power. Here the ideology changes similar to that of Vaishnavism. This supremacy of Vishnu remains like this from the beginning of Kali Yuga till the incarnation of Vaikundar from where it changes further. Kailash may refer to: Mount Kailash Kailash (journal) This site tell about the Greatest of Gods Lord Shiva and also his gift to mankind, the Holy Rudraksha Bead This is a disambiguation page â€” a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... This article is about the Hindu God. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about the religion Shaivism. ... Vaishnavism is one of the principal traditions of Hinduism, and is distinguished from other schools by its primary worship of Vishnu (and his associated avatars) as the Supreme God. ... Kali Yuga is also the title of a book by Roland Charles Wagner. ...

During the incarnation, Vishnu himself can not incarnate directly in the world to destroy Kaliyan, since he had bought as boon, the power of Devas including Vishnu's and spread all over the world as maya. So God needs to be incarnated with a new set of rules and with unique importance. So a total universal transformation of the power relation of god-heads, the rules of scriptures, the dharma, etc. took place and Vaikundar was given birth by taking in the power of Ekam, by Lakshmi and Vishnu joining together inside the sea.^[177] Image File history File links Kumbas_is_Swamithope. ... Image File history File links Kumbas_is_Swamithope. ... Swamithoppe Pathi (Tamil: ), Swamithoppu-pathi, Manavaippathi, or Thalaimaippathi (Thalaimai (chief) + pathi) is the primary pathi of the Ayyavazhi, the head of all Worship centers of Ayyavazhi, and the place where Ayya Vaikundar is said to have performed the Tavam. ... Palliyarai(Palli)+(Arai)is a tamil word used in Ayyavazhi to represent the Sanctum Sanctorium of the worship centers. ... In Hinduism, the Trimurti (also called the Hindu trinity) are three aspects of God in His forms as Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. ... Ayya Vaikundar (Tamil: à®…à®¯à¯à®¯à®¾ à®µà¯ˆà®•à¯à®£à¯à®Ÿà®°à¯), according to Akilattirattu Ammanai, a scripture of the Ayyavazhi, was a Manu (father, sovereign) avatar (the incarnation of a deity) of Narayana. ... Kaliyan was the sixth fragment of Kroni, the primordial Manifestation of Evil according to Akilattirattu Ammanai the Holy book of Ayyavazhi. ... For other uses, see Lakshmi (disambiguation). ...

And from now onwards all the powers were handld over from Vishnu to Vaikundar inside the sea. Siva, Vishnu and Brahma therefore form a part within Vaikundar.^[178] This ideology about Trimurthi (three are equal in power) is similar to that of Smartism. Vishnu alone forms a double role; One, within Vaikundar and other as the father of him, remain inside the sea and regulating Vaikundar.^[178] Since Vaikundar is given birth, by assuming the Power of Ekam, Vaikundar is supreme to Vishnu and all other God-heads, though Narayana pays the role of Father to Vaikundar. But on the other hand Vaikundar had to obey the order of Vishnu, since Vaikundar was given birth to perform the duties of Vishnu, which he could not do. Vaikundar (and scriptures given by him) is the manifestation of the supreme Ekam so, in Ayyavazhi spirituality, he is the only worshipable universal Power^[179] This article does not cite any references or sources. ... In Hinduism, the Trimurti (also called the Hindu trinity) are three aspects of God in His forms as Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. ...

Regarding scriptures, the first part of Akilam is summed-up events of the previous yugas which are present in Hindu scriptures.^[180] The second part says about the universal transformation and the uniqueness of Vaikundar and his incarnational activities.^[180] So as a summary, till the beginning of Kali yuga, what is Hinduism, that is Ayyavazhi. From then onwards for a series of reasons, Akilam says that Hindu scriptures and its ideology had lost its purity and was destroyed,^[181] and so the Dharma was re-configured in the name of Akilam and Vaikundar and the Hindu ideas were re-formed. The Akilattirattu Ammanai the scripture of Ayyavazhi teaches Dharma on two different perspective. ...

Phenomenology

Akilam points out its basis as a regeneration of Dharma in the form of an entirely new ideology.^[182] But today most of the followers of Ayyavazhi address Vaikundar merely as the incarnation of Vishnu. Likewise most of the Nizhal Thangals were called as Narayana Swami Pathi similar to Hindu, Vaishnavism. Most of the followers also worship Kali and folk deities not included the ideas based in Ayyavazhi scripture.^[183] Ayyavazhi phenomenology is the phenomenological variations found in Ayyavazhi society, worship centers etc from their holy text Akilattirattu Ammanai. ... Akilam was an abbreviated name given to Akilattirattu Ammanai the holy book for the people of Ayyavazhi. ... Vaishnavism is one of the principal traditions of Hinduism, and is distinguished from other schools by its primary worship of Vishnu (and his associated avatars) as the Supreme God. ...

Some followers of Ayyavazhi include Vaikundar as part of the 10 avatars of Vishnu as Kalki, and some denominations strongly advocate moksha, the personal liberation though it is not stated in Akilam. Some even reject the Trinity conception in Ayyavazhi and believe Narayana to be the supreme Universal power.^[184] The unique monotheistic belief which is the central theme of Ayyavazhi is completely unknown among most of the followers today.^[183] Deviating far away from the strict monotheistic teachings of Akilam, some thangals provides panividais for other lesser gods too.^[183] Image File history File linksMetadata Prajapathi_Adikalar. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Prajapathi_Adikalar. ... He is considered as the present religious leader of Ayyavazhi. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Swamithoppe Pathi (Tamil: ), Swamithoppu-pathi, Manavaippathi, or Thalaimaippathi (Thalaimai (chief) + pathi) is the primary pathi of the Ayyavazhi, the head of all Worship centers of Ayyavazhi, and the place where Ayya Vaikundar is said to have performed the Tavam. ... See Avatar (disambiguation) for other meanings. ... For other meanings, see Kalki (disambiguation). ... The Ayyavazhi Trinity is the Incarnation of God in this Kali Yukam. ...

The Ayyavazhi's spread among the common people was mainly due to the practice of Shamanism. The only sign to distinguish the practitioners of Ayyavazhi is they wore Thirunamam (the sign on their forehead).^[185] The Nizhal Thangals are identified amongst the other temples by the fact that idols are replaced by mirrors in the Palliyarai.^[185] Only the recitations of a handful of scholars educated in the Ayyavazhi scriptures point out the real facts and concepts of Akilam and the philosophical and ideological deviation of Ayyavazhi from Hinduism.^[186]All these philosophical, ideological and religious variations in the society of Ayyavazhi makes them hard to be identified as a religion and instead taken as a Hindu offshoot. This article is about the practice of shamanism; for other uses, see Shaman (disambiguation). ... Palliyarai(Palli)+(Arai)is a tamil word used in Ayyavazhi to represent the Sanctum Sanctorium of the worship centers. ... Ayyavazhi is a belief system originating from South India, which advocates that Ayya Vaikundar is an incarnation of Narayana, based on its religious scripture Akilattirattu Ammanai. ... Ayyavazhi is a belief system originating from South India, which advocates that Ayya Vaikundar is an incarnation of Narayana, based on its religious scripture Akilattirattu Ammanai. ...

Social structure

Ayyavazhi worship was marked by its simplicity. The absence of idol worship and priestly mediation, and inclusion of alternate type of centres of worship, the Pathis and Nizhal Thangals, were other characteristics of Ayyavazhi worship. Rituals of Ayyavazhi are a reform or revolutionary activity focusing upon social-equality which is a deviation from Hinduism. Ayyavazhi is also characterised and bound by religious beliefs which give it an alternative spiritual meaning.^[187] Its scriptures cover basic elements and ideas through-out Hinduism. It refers to Shastras, Agamas, Vedas and Puranas.^[188] It too refers to Jesus and the Islamic concept of 'Allah'.^[189] But address them all to be gone awry by the Advent of Vaikundar,^[190] from where Ayyavazhi scriptures forms negative ideas over all other traditions. Though Ayyavazhi shares many god-heads with Hinduism, it weaves unique ideology and power assumption for them. Ayyavazhi can be portrayed as a Hindu renaissance. Ayyavazhi is viewed as a reform movement too, by the reformation of the Tamil and Kerala society and it brought many social changes in the 19th century. This file has been listed on Wikipedia:Possibly unfree images, because it is missing information on its source or copyright status. ... This file has been listed on Wikipedia:Possibly unfree images, because it is missing information on its source or copyright status. ... Swamithoppe-Pathi is the head quarter of all the Pathis where Ayya Vaikundar spent most of his life. ... A Pathi (from a Tamil word meaning The place where God is) is an important centre of congregational worship for the South Indian religion of Ayyavazhi, having a relatively large structure like that of a temple. ... Ayyavazhi is a belief system originating from South India, which advocates that Ayya Vaikundar is an incarnation of Narayana, based on its religious scripture Akilattirattu Ammanai. ... A Pathi (from a Tamil word meaning The place where God is) is an important centre of congregational worship for the South Indian religion of Ayyavazhi, having a relatively large structure like that of a temple. ... A Nizhal Thangal à®¨à®¿à®´à®²à¯ à®¤à®¾à®™à¯à®•à®²à¯ (also called Narayana Swamy Temple) is a simple temple of the Ayyavazhi religion built per the instructions of Akilattirattu Ammanai by commoners in order to worship without distinction of color, race or caste. ... Shastra is a Sanskrit word used to denote education/knowledge in a general sense. ... Genera Many: see text Agamas or Agamids are the Agamidae family of lizards, containing more than 300 species in Africa, Asia, Australia, and a few in Southern Europe. ... Veda redirects here. ... Purana (Sanskrit: , meaning tales of ancient times) is the name of an ancient Indian genre (or a group of related genres) of Hindu or Jain literature (as distinct from oral tradition). ... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ... Allah is the Arabic language word for God. ... Languages Tamil Religions Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Jainism Related ethnic groups Dravidian people Brahui people Kannadigas Malayalis Tamils Telugus Tuluvas Gonds The Tamil people are a multi-ethnic group from the Indian subcontinent with a recorded history going back more than two millennia. ... , Kerala ( ; Malayalam: à´•àµ‡à´°à´³à´‚; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of southwestern India. ...

The religious structure evolved in the path of Ayyavazhi scriptures and as a result it transfigured itself as an alternative religio-cultural system in the social category. The Ayyavazhi's addressed their system as "Path of God" with the phrase "Ayya Vazhi". On one hand they believe that their tradition had come to replace all old traditions (religions), but on the other hand as the synopsis of the whole of world's religious knowledge. On one hand they believe, that Vaikundar had unified all deities of the world and so all the so called deities within him and on the other as, all previous had gone awry by the advent of Vaikundar.^[190] Apart from this, Ayyavazhi have separate theology, mythology, holy places, worship centres, and ethics of its own. Ayya Vaikundar was the Manu avathar (to born as a human being) of Lord Narayana according to Akilattirattu Ammanai the holy script of Ayyavazhi religion. ... This article needs copyediting (checking for proper English spelling, grammar, usage, etc. ... Ayyavazhi mythology is the mythology of the growing South Indian religious faith and offshoot of Hinduism known as Ayyavazhi. ... The holy places of Ayyavazhi includes the following Thalaimaippathi Panchappathis See also List of Ayyavazhi-related articles Categories: Ayyavazhi ... The worship centers of Ayyavazhi include Pathis and Nizhal Thangals. ...

Though many of its followers consider it as a separate religion, there is evidence that some of the followers are even of the opinion that this is but a Hindu sect rather than an autonomous religion.^[191] They indulge in the mystic practices of possessions and divinations similar to the tribal religions of Tamil Nadu. Also, many of its core beliefs are similar to some Hindu sects such as Advaita and Smartism. Image File history File links Avatara_oorvalam. ... Image File history File links Avatara_oorvalam. ... , Nagercoil (Tamil: à®¨à®¾à®•à®°à¯à®•à¯‹à®µà®¿à®²à¯) is a city and a municipality in Kanyakumari district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. ... The District Map of Kanyakumari. ...

Regarding demographics, Ayyavazhi followers are highly concentrated in South India though found across India, comparatively in less numbers. In Kanyakumari and Tirunelveli districts of Tamil Nadu, it's very hard to find a village without a worship centre of Ayyavazhi.^[192] Apart from the listings from the religious head quarters, though it is evident that Ayyavazhi followers are spread across the India (from University papers)^[17]^[192] there are no official figures for the number of followers of Ayyavazhi since they are considered Hindus in the census. Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... The worship centers of Ayyavazhi include Pathis and Nizhal Thangals. ... This article discusses the adherents of Hinduism. ...

See also

Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Image File history File links Wikibooks-logo. ... Image File history File links Wikiquote-logo. ... Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Image File history File links WikiNews-Logo. ... Image File history File links Wikiversity-logo-Snorky. ... This is a list of all Wikipedia articles related to Ayyavazhi. ... The Bengal Renaissance refers to a social reform movement during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the region of Bengal in undivided India during the period of British rule. ... Eastern religion refers to religions that are mostly either Indian or Chinese in origin: The Dharma faiths of Hinduism, Sikhism, Jainism and Buddhism; and the Chinese religious philosophies of Taoism and Confucianism. ... map showing the prevalence of Dharmic (yellow) and Abrahamic (purple) religions in each country. ... An Indian Muslim couple weds on the bank of Karnatakas Tungabhadra River. ... Hinduism encompasses many movements and schools fairly organized within Hindu denominations. ...

Bibliography

G. Patrick (2003), Religion and Subaltern Agency, Department of Christian Studies, University of Madras, Chennai.
T. Krishnanathan (2000), Ayya Vaikundarin Vazhvum Sinthanaiyum, Madurai Kamaraj University, Thinai Publications, Nagercoil.
Dr. C. Paulose (2002), Advaita Philosophy of Brahmasri Chattampi Swamikal, Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit, Ayya Vaikunta Nather Sidhasramam, Pothaiyadi.
Dr. R. Ponnu (2000), Sri Vaikunda Swamigal and Struggle for Social Equality in South India, Madurai Kamaraj University, Ram Publishers, Madurai.
R. Ponnu (2002), Vaikunda Swamikal Ore Avataram, Ram Publishers, Madurai.
N. Vivekanandan (2003), Akilathirattu Ammanai Moolamum Uraiyum (Part 1&2), Vivekananda Publications, Nagercoil.
A. Arisundara Mani (2002), Akilathirattu Ammanai Parayana Urai, Ayya Vaikundar Thirukkudumbam Publications, Nagercoil.
R. Shunmugam (2001), Nadar Kulathil Narayanar Avataram, Nadar Kuladeepam Publications, Karankadu.
A. Manibharathi (2003), Akilathirattu Vilakka urai, Thirunamappukazh Publications, Chennai.
Samuel Mateer (1871), The Land of charity : a descriptive account of travancore and its people, Asian Educational Services, ISBN 8120603192
Akilathirattu ammanai Arappadanool (First grade), Vaikundar Seva Sangam (Organisation), Attoor.
N. Elango & Vijaya Shanthi Elango (1997), Ayya Vaikuntar - The Light of the World, (Published by the authors).
V.T. Chellam (2002), Thamizaka Varalarum Panpadum (The History and Culture of Tamil Nadu), Manickavasakar Publications, Chennai.
N. Vivekanandan(2001), Arul Nool Moolamum Uraiyum, Vivekananda Publications, Nagercoil.
Thechanathu Thuvaraga pathi, Akilathirattu Akakkorvai, Published by Thechanathu Thuvaraga pathi.
Madanjeet Singh (2005), The Sasia Story, France, ISBN 92-3-103992-X.
P.Sundaram Swamigal & K. Ponnumani (2000), Ucchippadippu, Ayyavaikunta Nather Sidhasramam, Pothaiyadi.
P.Sundaram Swamigal & K. Ponnumani (2001), Ayyavaikundanathar Jeevacharithram (Biography of Ayya Vaikunta Nathar), Ayyavaikuntanathar Siddasramam Publications, Pothaiyadi.
V. Nagam Aiya (1989), The Travancore State Manual, Volume-2, Asian Educational Services, ISBN 8185499330.
Cf. Ward & Conner (1860), Geographical and Statistical Memoir of the Survey of Travancore and Cochin States, Travancore Sircar Press, Trivandrum.
Cf. Ponneelan's, Vaikunta Cuvamiyum Avar Kalamum, Mimeograph note
Akilattirattu Ammanai (1989), (published by T. Palaramachandran Nadar), 9th impression.
P.Sarvesvaran, Sri Vaikunda Swamikal - A Forgotten Social Reformer.
V.T.Ramasupramaniyam (2001), Thirumagal Thamizhagarathi, Thirumagal Nilayam, Chennai.
N.Amalan (2000), Ayya Vaikundar Punitha Varalaru, Akilam Publications, Swamithoppu.
Samuel Zecharia (1897), The London Missionary Society in South Travancore 1805-1855, LMS Press, Nagercoil.
M.S.S. Pandiyan(1992) Meanings of 'colonialism' and 'nationalism': an essay on Vaikunda Swamy cult, Sage Publications
Vaikundar Seva Sangam (2002), (An organisation) Ayya Vaikundar 170th Avathar-Special Edition, Attoor.

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Notes and references

^ The 'zhi' (ழி) portion of the word, 'Ayyavazhi', is a retroflex, and it is correctly transliterated according to the National Library at Kolkata romanization as ayyavali.
^ ^a ^b ^c Arisundara Mani, Akilathirattu Ammanai Parayana Urai p. 4
^ Tha. Krishna Nathan, Ayyaa vaikuNdarin vaazvum sinthanaiyum, p. 62: "அவர் (வைகுண்டர்) மாற்றுப் பிறப்பு பெற்ற நாளே அய்யாவழி சமய மரபு தோற்றம் பெற்ற நாள்(கி.பி.1833) எனக் கூறலாம்." (The day at which Vaikundar is given rebirth could be considered as the date of origin of 'Ayyavazhi religion'.)
^ N.Vivekanandan, Akilathirattu Ammanai moolamum Uraiyum, Volume 2, p. 97
^ The following morning and evening dailies calls Ayyavazhi as a separate religion:
- Malai Malar (leading evening Tamil daily), Nagercoil Edition, 4-3-2007, p. 5, "சுவாமி ஊர்வலத்தை அய்யாவழி பக்தர்கள் சமய தலைவர் பால பிரஜாபதி அடிகளார்..." (this report calls Ayyavazhi as ('அய்யாவழி சமயம்') a separate religion";
- Dinakaran (Tamil Daily), Nagercoil Edition, 1-3-2007, p. 3: "அய்யாவழி சமய தலைவர் பால பிரஜாபதி அடிகளார் அடிக்கல் நாட்டினார்"("Bala Prajapathi Adikalar the head of Ayyavazhi religion laid foundation stone for the....");
- Dina Thanthi, Nagercoil Edition, 2/3/2007, p. 5. "மாநாட்டுக்கு அய்யாவழி சமய தலைவர் பால பிரஜாபதி அடிகளார் தலைமை தாங்குகிறார்." Translation - ("The religious conference is lead by Bala Prajapathi Adikalar, the head of Ayyavazhi religion.") (This news from a leading news paper in India, on reporting the 175th Ayya Vaikunda Avataram, calls Ayyavazhi as a religion and Bala Prajapathi Adikalar as the head of Ayyavazhi religion;
- Tamil Murasu (4/3/2006), p. 3:"இதையொட்டி குமரி மாவட்டம் சாமி தோப்பில் 'அய்யா வழி சமய' மாநாடு (the conference of 'Ayyavazhi religion') உள்பட..."
^ G.Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, pp. 120-121. '"it may be concluded that, it may be concluded that AV emerged as a 'new and singular' religious phenomenon in that context"
^ The Land of Charity (Samuel Mateer). "this singular people display considerable zeal in the defence and propagation". Retrieved on 2008-01-23.
^ Dr. R.Ponnu, Sri Vaikunda Swamigal and the Struggle for Social Equality in South India, p. 98
^ Madurai News Letter (Thozhamai Illam, Kanyakumari). "Fr. Maria Jeyaraj arranged an inter-faith dialogue at Samithoppu, Kanyakumari, on 'Akila Thirattu Ammanai' and 'Arul Nool', the scriptures of 'Ayya Vazhi', an 'important sect of Hinduism'. The present head of Ayya Vazhi, Sri Bala Prajapathi Adigalar, guided the meeting.". Retrieved on 2008-01-23.
^ G.Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, pp. 111-113,
^ G.Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, pp. 160-161.
^ Dr. R.Ponnu, Sri Vaikunda Swamigal and the Struggle for Social Equality in South India, p. 98.
^ Dr. R.Ponnu, Sri Vaikunda Swamigal and Struggle for Social Equality in South India, p. 63, "The religious reform of Sri Vaikunda Swamigal left an everlasting influence on South Travancorean society."
^ G.Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, pp. 90-91.
^ Dr. R.Ponnu, Sri Vaikunda Swamigal and Struggle for Social Equality in South India, p. 86.
^ Dina Malar(Leading Tamil News paper), Nagercoil Edition, 4/3/2005 p. 12: "எனவே இன்று அய்யா வைகுண்டசாமி வழிபாட்டு ஆலயங்கள் இந்தியா முழுவதும் வேராயிரம் பெற்ற விழுதுகளாய் படந்து ஆறாயிரத்துக்கு மேல் தோன்றி வளர்ந்து வருகிறது" Translated to -->"So today these worship centers of Vaikunda Sami is spread across India and growing with more than 6000 of them"
^ ^a ^b C. Poulose, Advaita Philosophy of Brahmasri Chattampi Swamikal, p. 24, "To propagate his teachings and ideas he opened upon seven Pathis and seven Tangs (The Primary Nizhal Thangals) in Travancore, hundreds of small pagodas (Nizhal Thangals) through out India." Accrediting the Worship centers of Ayyavazhi across India and so the Ayyavazhi followers.
^ Dr. R.Ponnu, Sri Vaikunda Swamigal and Struggle for Social Equality in South India, p. 100, '"At present thousands of Pathis (Nizhal Thangals) are seen throughout South India."
^ Dina Thanthi, (Tamil Daily) Nagercoil Edition, 4-3-2007, p. 23: "The Ayyavazhi followers are highly populated in the districts of Chennai, Virudhunagar, Tirunelveli, Tuticorin and Kanyakumari."
^ Tha. Krishna Nathan, Ayya Vaikundarin Vazhvum Sinthanaiyum, Chapter - 4, p. 83: "இதற்கு ஆதாரமாக அய்யா வைகுண்டரைத் தெய்வமாக ஏற்றுக்கொண்ட சுமார் 8000 - க்கும் மேற்பட்ட அய்யாவழிப் பதிகள் தமிழ்நாடு மற்றும் கேரளப்பகுதிகளில் இயங்குவதைக் கூறலாம்." (This citation was included here from Tamil wikipedia article)
^ www.cinesouth.com (The miracle that happened in 'Iyyavazhi'). "...and there are many temples for him and about 8 lakh of devotees...". Retrieved on 2008-01-23.
^ Dinakaran, Nagercoil edition, p. 15, 25/2/2007.
^ Indian Census 2001 - Population by religious communities (Other Religious Communities). 256, Tamil Nadu.. Retrieved on 2008-01-23.
^ R.Shanmugam, Narayana Kulatthil Narayanar Avataram, p. 188
^ Dr. R.Ponnu, Sri Vaikunda Swamigal and the Struggle for Social Equality in South India, p. 68, Sub heading: "Reverence as Ayya"
^ Akilathirattu ammanai Arappadanool, First Stage, p. 27, published by Vaikundar Seva Sangam
^ ^a ^b M.Winslow, (1862), A Comprehensive Tamil-English Dictionary, ISBN 81-206-0001-0, American Mission Press, Madras, pp. 195 and 923 respectively
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, pp. 90-91
^ Vaikundar is a historical as well as mythical figure. The historical Vaikundar (often referred to as 'Vaikunta Swami') refers to a person who lived between 1809 C.E – 1851 C.E. The Akilam myth says that Vaikundar was the God incarnate who incarnates in the body of ' Sampooranathevan ' alias 'Muthukutty' in 1833 C.E and lived upto 1851 C.E. So as per Akilam, Sampooranathevan lived between 1809 C.E - 1833 C.E. and Vaikundar then incarnates in the body of Mudisoodum Perumal (Sampooranathevan) and lived between 1833 C.E - 1851 C.E.
^ Life History of Lord Vaikundar. Ayyavazhi.org - Life History. Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
^ G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 6, p. 139.
^ http://thatstamil.oneindia.in ('Ayyavazhi' Sujibala). "...தனிப் பிரிவாக செயல்படத் தொடங்கினர். தங்களது மார்க்கத்திற்கு அய்யா வழி என்றும் பெயரிட்டுக் கொண்டனர்." (...they functioned autonomously. They named their pathway as 'Ayyavazhi'.). Retrieved on 2008-01-23.
^ G. Patrick's Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, p. 91 "How ever, people from other 'casts' too formed part of the gathering"
^ See the LMS Reports gathered in the article Ayyavazhi in reports by Christian missionaries from the book Religion and Subaltern Agency.
^ G.Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency Chapter 5, p. 91: "By the middle of nineteenth century, AV (abbreviation of Ayyavazhi) had come to be a recognisable religious phenomenon, making its presence felt in South Tiruvitankur (Travancore) and in the southern parts of Tirunelveli. From the LMS reports, one gathers the information that AV was spreading with certain 'extraordinary' speed."
^ LMS Report for the year 1872, p. 107.
^ G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, p. 120 "Vaikunda cami seems to have chosen these disciples to be his close associates and to propagate his teachings and ideas to the people"
^ N. Elango & Vijaya Shanthi Elango, Ayya Vaikuntar - The Light of the World Chapter 4, p. 21 "The temple is managed by the Gurus of Lord Vaikuntar's gurukulam. The Gurus are the descendants of Guru Podukutti."
^ N. Elango & Vijaya Shanathi Elango, Ayya Vaikuntar - The Light of The World Chapter 8, pp. 41-44 (sources).
^ V.T. Chellam, Thamizaka Varalarum Panpadum, Chapter 12, p. 493
^ There is another view that Akilam was first published in 1939 and Arul Nool in 1918. The release date was not mentioned in the first edition of the Arul Nool.(Source:N.Vivekanandan, Arul Nool Moolamum Uraiyum).
^ N. Vivekanandan, Arul Nool Moolamum Uraiyum.
^ ^a ^b N. Elango & Vijaya Shanthi Elango, Ayya Vaikuntar The light of the world, p. 61
^ V.T. Chellam,Thamizaka Varalarum Panpadum, Chapter 16, pp. 598-599.
^ N. Vivekanandan, Akilathirattu Ammanai Moolamum Uraiyum, Part 1, pp.(additional) 18-23
^ Report on declaration of the holiday Dina Malar. Retrieved on 2007-02-03.
^ Dr. R.Ponnu, Vaikunda Swamigal Ore Avataram, p. 59.
^ N. Elango & Vijaya Shanthi Elango, Ayya Vaikuntar - The Light of the World Chapter 4, pp. 21-22 "The Gurus are Payyan Chella Raj, Bala Prajapathi, Bala Janathipathi, Balalokathipathi, Payyan Sami, Thangapandian and Sekar to name a few. Bala Prajapathi is the most popular personality of all of them."
^ www.worldcatlibraries.org (Akilam : vacan̲a kāviyam). Publisher: K Patchaimal, Cāmitōppu.. Retrieved on 2008-01-23.
^ G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, pp. 118-119 "The author claims that God woke him up during sleep and commissioned him to write it by 'telling' him what to write"
^ G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, p. 119 "It is presented as if Vishnu is narrating the whole story to his consort Leksmi"
^ ^a ^b ^c N. Vivekanandan, Akilathirattu Ammanai Moolamum Uraiyum, Part-1.
^ ^a ^b G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, pp. 119-120
^ R.Ponnu, Vaikunda Swamigal Ore Avataram, Ram Publications, pp. 11-12
^ ^a ^b Dr. C. Poulose, Advaita Philosophy of Brahmasri Chattampi Swamikal, p. 24.
^ R.Shanmugam, Nadar Kulatthil Narayanar Avataram, p. 195
^ G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, p. 117 " Five such patikal are believed to have emerged during the time of Vaikuntacami. "
^ The New Indian Express(English Daily), Madurai Edition, 3/4/2008.
^ www.tsi.org.in (Tourism in Chennai). Temples:"Swamithoppe - Ayya Vaikundar Pathi, religious head quarters of Ayyavazhi.". Retrieved on 2007-10-11.
^ N. Elango & Vijaya Shanthi Elango, Ayya Vaikuntar - The Light of the World Chapter 8, p. 41 " The first Pathi is Swamithoppu itself. It is the head quarters of Ayyavazhi. "
^ N. Elango & Vijaya Shanthi Elango, Ayya Vaikuntar the light of the world, Chapter 6 (Thuvayal Panthy), p. 31
^ G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, p. 117 " However, there is also another list which includes Vakaipati where tuvaiyal tavacu took place "
^ N. Elango & Vijaya Shanthi Elango, Ayya Vaikuntar the light of the world, Chapter 8, p. 41 (Panchappathi)
^ Thechanathu Thuvaraga pathi, Akilathirattu Akakkorvai, pp. 64-65
^ G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, p. 114 " Other verses from Akilattirattu Ammanai like, 'cast away the eighteen castes and the demons into the mountain and the sea', 'do not discriminate between the powerful and powerless', 'the caste would disappear by itself', etc., point to a clear and specific rejection of the inequalities of castes."
^ G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, p. 103
^ Madanjeet Singh's, The Sasia Story p. 18
^ R.Shanmugam (2000), Nadar kulathil Narayanar Avatharam, Ayyavazhi, pp. 190-191.
^ History of Ayyavazhi religion (System of Ayyavazhi). "மனிதன் ஒவ்வொருவருக்குள்ளும் தெய்வம் இருக்கிறது என்ற உயரிய கோட்பாட்டை கண்ணாடி முன் நின்று வணங்கும் ஒவ்வொருவரும் தனக்குள்ளே காண" (Translated: " God is within every human beings. The way of worshipping in front of mirror is introduced to reveal this truth."). Retrieved on 2008-01-23.
^ A.Manibharathi, Akilathirattu Vilakka urai, Part - 1, 222-223.
^ Akilam10:664 (Thiruvasakam - 2) .
^ Akilam10: (Thiruvasakam - 2) Source text: Akilathirattu Ammanai published by P. Thangaiyah Nadar, p. 225.
^ It is the story of God coming to transform the world into tarmayukam and rule over it - Akilam one - 1:108,109
^ G.Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, p. 118 "Even now charity on food is one of the primary activities conducted in these centers."
^ ^a ^b ^c Tha. Krishnanathan, Ayya Vaikundarin Vazhvum Sinthanaiyum, p. 108.
^ Akilam15:39 "Petti ceelai Uduthu Periya Thirunama Pottumittu"
^ Sivakanda Athikara Pathiram, First Act. (source: N.Vivekanandan's Arul Nool - Moolamum Uraiyum, p. 62
^ There is no written references to this but there is a painting at the residence of Bala Prajapathi Adikalar which was considered older not less than 50 years. There are also oral traditions which suggests the same age for this symbolism.
^ ^a ^b ^c A. Arisundara Mani, Akilathirattu Ammanai Parayana Urai, pp. (Additional) XII-XIII " Athara thana vilakka attavanai " .
^ A. Arisundara Mani, Akilathirattu Ammanai Parayana Urai, p. 374.
^ www.kheper.net Sahasrara Chakra. Retrieved on 2007-02-03.
^ See this Image Image:Nelli Nintra Vilai Thangal.png, a Nizhal Thangal constructed in such a way of architecture near Marthandam, Tamil Nadu.
^ Pulavar. R.Shanmugam's, (2000), Nadar Kulathil Narayanar Avatharam, Nadar Kulatheebam Publications, p. 207
^ N.Vivekanandan, Arul Nool Moolamum Uraiyum, p. 8
^ Dr. R.Ponnu, Ayya Vaikundar Ore Avatharam, pp. 128-129
^ A.Ari Sundara Mani, Akilathirattu Ammanai Parayana Urai, p. 384
^ N.Vivekanandan, Akilathirattu Ammanaiyil Vaikunda Suvami Sampooranathevana?, p. 12
^ A.Ari Sundara Mani, Akilathirattu Ammanai Parayana Urai, pp. 103-121
^ N.Vivekanandan, Akilathirattu Ammanai Moolamum Uraiyum, p. 97
^ T. Krishnanathan, Ayya Vaikundarin vazvum Sinthanaiyum, pp. 60-61.
^ N.Vivekanandan, Akilathirattu Ammanaiyil Vaikunda Suvami Sampooranathevana?, p. 14
^ ^a ^b Ari Sundara Mani, Akilathirattu Ammanai Parayan Urai, p. 534
^ P.Sundaram Swamigal & K. Ponnumani, Ucchippadippu, pp. 32-33.
^ G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, p. 114 " Other verse from Akilattirattu like, 'cast away the eighteen castes and the demons into the mountain and the sea', 'do not discriminate between the powerful and powerless', 'the caste would disappear by itself', etc., point to the fact of a considerable indoctrination against the inequalities of Castes."
^ Cf. Ward & Conner, Geographical and Statistical Memoir, p. 133; V. Nagam Aiya, The Travancore State Manual, Volume-2, p. 72.
^ Cf. Ponneelan, Vaikunta Cuvamiyum Avar Kalamum, Mimeograph note, p. 6.
^ The Hindu (The Sree Narayana effect). Credit to reformers: "The first of the social revolutionaries was Vaikunta Swami (1809-1851).". Retrieved on 2007-02-07.
^ The Hindu (`Communalism an important factor in politics'). Great reformers. Retrieved on 2007-02-07.
^ The Hindu - India's National Newspaper (Around the City). AIR programme. Retrieved on 2007-09-16. This link about a programme by 'All India Radio' includes Ayya Vaikundar as a Social reformer.
^ The Hindu - India's National Newspaper (Stargazing). Ayya’s story. Retrieved on 2008-01-23.
^ www.education.kerala.gov.in (Towards Modern Kerala). 10th Standard Text Book, Chapter 9, p. 101.. Retrieved on 2008-01-23.
^ www.tnuniv.ac.in (Tamil Nadu State Council for Higher Education, Social and Cultural History of Tamil Nadu from 1529 to Present day,). Reform Movements and National Movement, p. 27. Retrieved on 2007-09-16.
^ History of Tamil Nadu from 1800 A.D. to the Present Day (Bharathidasan University). B.A. History - Course Structure under CBCS, Core Course – V, p. 9.. Retrieved on 2008-01-23.
^ www.bdu.ac.in (SOCIAL REFORMERS OF MODERN INDIA). Unit IV. Retrieved on 2007-02-07.
^ M. Ilanchezhiyan, Pandiyarkula Nadrakal Kulamurai Kilathal, p. 197.
^ ^a ^b A. Sreedhara Menon, A Survey of Kerala History, p. 314
^ ^a ^b Immanuel, Kanniyakumari: Aspects and Architects, Chapter 11, pp. 115-116.
^ Nadars of South India (www.nadar.org). "Vaikunda Swamy opposed the excessive taxes and corvee labour imposed on...". Retrieved on 2008-01-23.
^ Akilattirattu Ammanai, published by T. Palaramachandran Nadar, pp. 214, 266
^ Akilattirattu Ammanai, published by T. Palaramachandran Nadar, 9th impression, 1989, pp. 119, 120 and 121.
^ Dr. R.Ponnu, Vaikunda Swamigal Ore Avataram, p. 152
^ www.nairs.org Are the Travancore Kings Nairs?. "It is worth mentioning here that Chattambi Swamikal and Sreenarayana Gurudevan were ardent devotees of Lord Muruka, so also their predecessor Ayya Vaikuntar." :This statement says that Both Chattampi Swamikal and Narayana Guru are the predecessors (disciples) of Vaikundar. Retrieved on 2007-09-09.
^ Marutwamala : Heritage Site Threatened (www.nairs.org). "as two of the great sages and social reformers Chattambi Swamikal and Shree Narayana Gurudevan, born in the leading Nayar and Ezhava communities, lived and did penance here before embarking on their mission of liberating the caste ridden people. They were believed to be influenced by the teachings of Ayya.". Retrieved on 2008-01-23.
^ R. Ponnu, Vaikunda swamigal Ore Avataram, p. 178.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d G.Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, pp. 116-117
^ Sujibala without a blouse in Ayyavazhi (Preview about the Film 'Ayyavazhi') (www.tamilstar.com). "Now there are thousands of temples erected in honour of Vaigundaswamy.". Retrieved on 2008-01-23.
^ C. Poulose, Advaita Philosophy of Brahmasri Chattampi Swamikal, p. 24, "To propagate his teachings and ideas he opened upon 7 Pathis and 7 Tangs (The Primary Nizhal Thangals) in Travancore, hundreds of small pagodas (Nizhal Thangals) through out India." Accrediting the Worship centers of Ayyavazhi across India and so the Ayyavazhi followers.
^ R.Shanmugam, Nadar Kulathil Narayanar Avatharam, p. 192, "நாடெங்கும் உள்ள நிழல் தாங்கல்களுக்கெல்லாம் தலைமைப் பதி, குமரி மாவட்டதில் முன்கூறிய சாமிதோப்பு என்ற ஊரில் இருக்கிறது." "(The head quarters of all these Nizhal Thangals which are found across the country, is at the place called Swamithoppe as told earlier.)"
^ R.Ponnu, Sri Vaikunda Swamigal and the Struggle for Social Equality in South India, p. 100.
^ Tha. Krishna Nathan's, Ayyaa vaikuNdarin vaazvum sinthanaiyum (Tamil), Chapter - 4, p. 83: "இதற்கு ஆதாரமாக அய்யா வைகுண்டரைத் தெய்வமாக ஏற்றுக்கொண்ட சுமார் 8000 - க்கும் மேற்பட்ட அய்யாவழிப் பதிகள் தமிழ்நாடு மற்றும் கேரளப்பகுதிகளில் இயங்குவதைக் கூறலாம்." (This citation was included here from Tamil wikipedia article)
^ From the following reports: James Town Mission District for the year 1863, Neyoor Mission District for the year 1869, Santhapuram Mission District for the year 1858, Nagercoil Mission District for the year 1864, from the ARTDC for the respective years.
^ N.Elango & Vijaya Shanthi Elango, Ayya Vaikuntar - The Light of the World, pp. 41-44
^ R.Ponnu, Vaikundacuvamikal Valvum Valikattalum, p. 71.
^ P.Sarvesvaran, Sri Vaikunda Swamikal - A Forgotten Social Reformer, p. 8.
^ G.Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency Chapter 5, p. 118. Vaikuntacami is said to have established seven of these nilaltankalkal at Chettykudiyirrupu, Agastisvaram, Palur, Chundavilai, Vadalivilai, Kadampankulam and Pampankulam.
^ G.Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency Chapter 5, p. 118. Even now charity is one of the main activities conducted in these centres.
^ ^a ^b T.Krishnanathan, Ayya Vaikundarin Vazhvum Sinthanaiyum, p. 112.
^ G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern agency, Chapter 5, p. 120
^ ^a ^b Mani Bharathi, Akilathirattu Ammanai Vilakka Urai(Part - 2).
^ G.Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, pp. 120-121.
^ P.Sundaram Swamigal & K. Ponnu Mani, Ayya Vaikunta Nathar Jeevacharithram, pp. 20-21
^ N.Vivekanandan, Akilathirattu Ammanai Moolamum Uraiyum, pp. 190-191.
^ Arisundara Mani, Akilathirattu Ammanai Parayana Urai, p. (additional)v
^ V.T. Chellam, Thamizaka Varalarum Panpadum, Chapter 12, p. 493
^ M.Winslow (1869), A Comprehensive Tamil and English Dictionary, American Mission Press (Madras), ISBN 81-206-0001-0 , p. 185
^ V.T.Ramasupramaniyam , Thirumagal Thamizhagarathi, p. 210
^ Narmadavin Thamizh Agarathi, p. 173.
^ Arisundara Mani, Akilathirattu Ammanai Parayana Urai, Chapter 1, p. 36, "Kroni is nothing but a subtle revelation of spiritual ignorance."
^ Tha. Krishna Nathan, Ayyaa vaikundarin vaazvum sinthanaiyum, Chapter - 4, p. 74.
^ Dina Malar (Kanyakumari District). Ayya Vaikundar Avathara Dina Vizha. Retrieved on 2007-03-05.
^ www.ayyavazhi.org (Festivals). Thiru Edu Vasippu. Retrieved on 2007-11-11.
^ Tha. Krishna Nathan, Ayyaa vaikundarin vazhvum sinthanaiyum, Chapter - 4, p. 70.
^ G.Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, p. 19
^ ^a ^b T.Krishnanathan, Ayya Vaikundarin Vazhvum Sinthanaiyum, pp. 93-96.
^ Akilathirattu p. 252: "the eighteen castes gathered in one place and bathed from the same well."
^ N.Amalan, Ayya Vaikundar Punitha Varalaru, Akilam Publications, 86-87: "முத்திரிபுகளை (மும்மலம்) போக்க முத்திரிக்கிணற்றில் பதம் விட்டுக்கொள்ள வேண்டும்".
^ The [[London Missionary Society |LMS]] Report for the year 1847, pp. 88-89: "They take no medicine; but rub ashes on the forehead and drink cold water as the cure for all their diseases."
^ A.Ari Sundaramani, Akilathirattu Ammani Parayana Urai, p. 485.
^ G.Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, p. 137.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d T. Krishnanathan, Ayya Vaikundarin Vazhvum Sinthanaiyum, pp. 61-65.
^ "He created a Veda (scripture) of his own intention". - Akilam5:571
^ Akilam 12:151 - "Poorana Vetha Purana mun akamangkal"
^ R.Ponnu, Vaikunda Swamikal Ore Avataram, pp. 114 -116.
^ G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern agency Chapter 6, p. 151, "A reading of the mythography of AV makes explicit the fact that the essence of this vision is an account of a history - a past, a present, and a future - constructed by weaving together of empirical facts as well as mythical accounts."
^ G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern agency Chapter 6, p. 151, "It is fitting to analyse and see how these basic concepts have been woven together to give a symbolic vision which is at once religious and social. "
^ Akilam8:Thiru Nadana Ula -6th&11th Venpaas (a species of verse).
^ Samuel Zecharia (1826-1906), one of the prominent pastors of the London Mission Society, testifies to the existence of this well in his book titled The London Missionary Society in South Travancore 1805-1855, Nagercoil: LMS Press, 1897, p. 201.
^ M.S.S. Pandiyan, Meanings of 'Colonialism and 'Nationalism p. 180.
^ LMS Report for the year 1838, p. 71 says "About 70 families of this sect, having subsequently established a community of goods, removed under the guidance of a man of some influence to a part of the seashore of Tinnevelly, where they erected huts, performed frequent ablutions, and often assembled to hear the dreams and vision of their leader and to witness the miracles he was said to perform."
^ G.Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 6, p. 151 "Canror (Santror)is a name that stands for a people who are the subject of the religious vision of AV (Ayyavazhi)
^ ^a ^b G.Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 6, pp. 151-152.
^ Nadar Community - Who Are they (Nadars - Where they live? what they do? reason behind their success). "Nadars are one of the earliest inhabitants of our land, Bharat, which was later called by the Arabs as 'Al Hind'. In Biblical times they were known as the 'People of Five Rivers'. ". Retrieved on 2008-01-23.
^ R.Ponnu, Sri Vaikunda Swamigal and the Struggle for Socil Equality in South India, p. 23, line 5.
^ A. Arisundara Mani, Akilathirattu Ammanai Parayana Urai, Chapter 3, p. 92.
^ A. Arisundara Mani, Akilathirattu Ammanai Parayana Urai, Chapter 3, p. 90.
^ G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 6, p. 159 says, "AV, having emerged in a context of distress, proposes an emancipatory utopia under the banner of tarmayukam."
^ G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 5, p. 109 says, "Akilattirattu begins its narration by stating that the account contained in it is the story of God coming into this kaliyukam to transform it into tarmayukam and to rule over it."
^ G. Patrick's Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 6, p. 159 says, "The core of the proposal was that Vaikuntacami had come to establish and rule over a tarmayukam in the place of the kaliyukam."
^ G. Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, Chapter 6, p. 161 , "Yet another point to be taken note of in the symbolic vision of AV is its conception of time. AV gives a list of seven aeons, and, at the end of it, postulates a tarmayukam that is to exist
^ Ari Sundara Mani, Akilathirattu Ammanai Parayana Urai, pp. 657-658
^ Mani Bharathi, Akilathirattu Vilakka Urai (Part 2), pp. 300-301
^ G.Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, p. 214
^ T.Kirushnanathan, Ayya Vaikundarin Vazvum Sinthanaiyum, p. 63.
^ T. Krishnanathan, Ayya Vaikundar Vazhvum Sinthanaiyum, p. 106
^ N.Vivekanandan, Akilathirattu Ammanai Moolamum Uraiyum, Part 1, p. 315
^ N.Vivekanandan, Akilathirattu Ammanai Moolamum Uraiyum, Part 1, p. 321
^ A. Arisundara Mani, Akilathirattu Ammani Parayan Urai, pp. 270-271
^ ^a ^b A. Arisundara Mani, Akilathirattu Ammani Parayan Urai, pp. 288-289
^ A. Arisundara Mani, Akilathirattu Ammani Parayan Urai, pp. 290-291
^ ^a ^b G.Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, p. 119
^ N.Vivekanandan, Akilathirattu Ammanai Moolamum Uraiyum, Part 1, p. 427
^ Akilam8:Thiruvasakam - 1 (As per Akilam this Thiruvasakam is written down by Sarasvathi because the previous religious ideas and scripture were destroyed by Kaliyan.)
^ ^a ^b ^c Vaikundar Seva Sangham's,Ayya Vaikundar 170th Avathar-Special Edition, The activities of Nizhal Thangals, pp. 2-4.
^ Arisundara Mani, Akilathirattu Ammanai Parayana Urai, Chapter 1, p. 1, "Sreehari who is known as Athi Narayana is praised as Ayya."
^ ^a ^b R.Shunmugam, Nadar Kulathi Narayanar Avataram, pp. 189-191
^ Samithopu Ayya Vaikunda Suvami 172-vathu avathara thina vizha, Thina Malar vazangkum Avathara Thina vizha Sirappu Malar, p. 3, " ...but it is questionable that how many people know that. Every one who came to know newly about Ayya wonders and... " Bala Prajapathi Adikalar writes about Vaikundar.
^ G.Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, "Rituals", p. 98.
^ Akilattirattu Ammanai (T. Palaramachandran Nadar), p. 180.
^ Akilattirattu Ammanai (T. Palaramachandran Nadar), pp. 280-281.
^ ^a ^b G.Patrick, Religion and Subaltern Agency, "Ayya Vali - A New and Singular Religious Phenomenon" , p. 120.
^ See Bagavathikan, M. Raj (February 10, 1999). Ayya Vaikuntar. Retrieved on 2008-01-13.
^ ^a ^b R.Ponnu, Sri Vaikunda Swamigal and the Struggle for Social Equality in South India, p. 100.

Retroflex consonants are articulated with the tip of the tongue curled up and back so the bottom of the tip touches the roof of the mouth. ... Transliteration is the practice of transcribing a word or text written in one writing system into another writing system. ... The National Library at Kolkata romanization is the most widely used transliteration scheme in dictionaries and grammars of Indic languages. ... Malai Malar is daily Tamil newspaper in Chennai and Coimbatore, India. ... Tamil ( ; IPA ) is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamils in India and Sri Lanka, with smaller communities of speakers in many other countries. ... Dinakaran is daily Tamil newspaper in Chennai and Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. ... Dina Thanthi or Daily Thanti is daily Tamil newspaper in Chennai and Coimbatore, India. ... Launched in 1935 by a man called K. 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Dina Thanthi or Daily Thanti is daily Tamil newspaper in Chennai and Coimbatore, India. ... , Nagercoil (Tamil: à®¨à®¾à®•à®°à¯à®•à¯‹à®µà®¿à®²à¯) is a city and a municipality in Kanyakumari district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. ... Madras redirects here. ... , Virudhunagar is a city and a municipality in Virudhunagar district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. ... , Tirunelveli (Tamil: ) is a Municipal Corporation, sixth largest city in Tamil Nadu(After Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Trichy and Salem)in southern India and the district headquarter of Tirunelveli district. ... Thoothukudi (தூத்துக்குடி in Tamil), also known as Tuticorin is a city and district in Tamil Nadu, India. ... Kanyakumari District (also spelt Kanniyakumari or Kanniakumari District) is a district of Tamil Nadu state, India and also the southernmost land area and district of mainland India. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Dinakaran is daily Tamil newspaper in Chennai and Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. ... Image File history File links Ayyavazhi_Movie. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Ayya Vaikundar was the Manu avathar (to born as a human being) of Lord Narayana according to Akilattirattu Ammanai the holy script of Ayyavazhi religion. ... Year 1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Akilam was an abbreviated name given to Akilattirattu Ammanai the holy book for the people of Ayyavazhi. ... Sampooranathevan is a mythical figure found in Ayyavazhi mythology. ... Year 1833 (MDCCCXXXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Sampooranathevan is a mythical figure found in Ayyavazhi mythology. ... Year 1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... Year 1833 (MDCCCXXXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Sampooranathevan is a mythical figure found in Ayyavazhi mythology. ... Year 1833 (MDCCCXXXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... The London Missionary Society was a non-denominational missionary society formed in England in 1795 by evangelical Anglicans and Nonconformists, largely Congregationalist in outlook, with missions in the islands of the South Pacific and Africa. ... In writing, a report or document characterized by information or other content reflective of inquiry or investigation, tailored to the context of a given situation and audience. ... Year 1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Akilam was an abbreviated name given to Akilattirattu Ammanai the holy book for the people of Ayyavazhi. ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Arulnool considered to be the supplementary to akilathirattu, is a collection of a few short litratures composed by different Arulalarkal whose names are unknown. ... Dina Malar or Daily Malar is daily Tamil newspaper in Chennai and Coimbatore, India. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The New Indian Express is a newspaper based in Chennai, India. ... , Madurai (Tamil: , IPA: ) is a city and a municipal corporation with a city population of 922,913 according to 2001 census. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 284th day of the year (285th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Sahasrara is the highest primary chakra according to the Hindu Tantric tradition (Shakta). ... For the Naruto jutsu, see Chakra (Naruto). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (943x631, 1102 KB) I took this photograph. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 259th day of the year (260th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the electronica band, see All India Radio (band). ... Ayya Vaikundar (Tamil: à®…à®¯à¯à®¯à®¾ à®µà¯ˆà®•à¯à®£à¯à®Ÿà®°à¯), according to Akilattirattu Ammanai, a scripture of the Ayyavazhi, was a Manu (father, sovereign) avatar (the incarnation of a deity) of Narayana. ... Social reform is changing government and society for the good of everyone. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 259th day of the year (260th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about a Hindu caste. ... The Ezhavas form a major progressive community, and also one of the largest in Kerala, a south Indian state. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The worship centers of Ayyavazhi include Pathis and Nizhal Thangals. ... Year 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Year 1858 (MDCCCLVIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Madras refers to: the Indian city of Chennai, formerly known as Madras, the former Indian state, now known as Tamil Nadu (Plural of Madra): Ancient people of Iranian affinites, who lived in northwest Panjab in the Uttarapatha division of ancient India. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... This article is about the day. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 13th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

This article is in need of attention. ... The History of Ayyavazhi traces the religious history of Ayyavazhi a belief-system originated in mid-ninteenth century in Southern India. ... According to Akilattirattu Ammanai the holy and religious book of the Ayyavazhi religion Ayya Vaikundar the Incarnation of God in Kali Yukam has five Seedar (disciples). ... There are a good number of religious organisations in Ayyavazhi religion across South India. ... There are a good number of publications in Ayyavazhi. ... The purpose of this chronology is to give a detailed account of Ayyavazhi from the beginning of the incarnational events of Vaikundar to the present time. ... The holy places of Ayyavazhi includes the following Thalaimaippathi Panchappathis See also List of Ayyavazhi-related articles Categories: Ayyavazhi ... Thiru(word representing sacredness) + Namam(name) represents (The Sacred name). ... Muthiri kinaru (Tamil:) Muthiri (affixing the seal) + Kinaru (well) means The sealed well. It is the sacred well located in the north-western corner of Swamithoppe village. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Shamanism is in paractice in Ayyavazhi right from the period of Vaikundar. ... Like other social ethics, the Ayyavazhi marriage is also different and is simple. ... The ethics of Ayyavazhi are found scattered throughout the primary scripture, Akilattirattu Ammanai. ... Neetham à®¨à¯€à®¤à®®à¯ is the primary Virtues of Ayyavazhi Religion. ... The Akilattirattu Ammanai the scripture of Ayyavazhi teaches Dharma on two different perspective. ... The Inclusiveness and exclusivity in Ayyavazhi is the inclusive and exclusive ideology of Ayyavazhi scriptures over other religions. ... Inter-dining was an important activity that originated in the gatherings of Ayyavazhi. ... Padmanabhaswami temple, Thiruvananthapuram As Kalimayai captured the king of Thiruvitankur and began to rule over the people as their king, Thirumal came to Thiruvananthapuram according to Ayyavazhi mythology. ... According to Ayyavazhi mythology there are Seven Logas (Seven Worlds). ... In Ayyavazhi mythology, the Nadutheerpu (Tamil:à®¨à®Ÿà¯à®¤à¯à®¤à¯€à®°à¯à®ªà¯à®ªà¯) is the Final Judgement from which Kroni, the primordial Manifestation of Evil was sentenced to hell. ... This Ayotha Amirtha Gangai is a mythical river found in Akilattirattu Ammanai the source of Ayyavazhi mythology. ... Thiruvasakam in Tamil means The Holy Text. ... This is the Vatakku (north) + Vasal (entrance), north entrance of Swamithoppe pathi. ... The Parvatha Ucchi Malai is a mythycal mountain believed to be near Ayotha Amirtha Gangai as per Akilattirattu Ammanai the source of Ayyavazhi mythology. ... Ayya Vaikundar was the incarnation of Ekam according to Akilattirattu Ammanai, the religious text of Ayyavazhi and the source of Ayyavazhi mythology. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... Kaliyan was the sixth fragment of Kroni, the primordial Manifestation of Evil according to Akilattirattu Ammanai the Holy book of Ayyavazhi. ... Thirukkalyana Ekanai was an important part in Akilattirattu Ammanai the religious book of Ayyavazhi, in which Ayya Vaikundar unified all the atmans (souls) of this universe into Himself. ... Katuvai Sothanai, in Tamil means, Trial with Tiger. ... Sampooranathevan is a mythical figure found in Ayyavazhi mythology. ... The Santror are the seven boys who were made to born by using the seven seeds from seven upper worlds, by Thirumal, to the Seven Virgins through their instrumentality, according to Ayyavazhi mythology. ... Kroni is a mythical figure found in Ayyavazhi mythology. ... Kaliyan was the sixth fragment of the primordial manifestation of Kroni (evil) according to Akilam, the source of Ayyavazhi mythology and the holy book of Ayyavazhi religion. ... According to Akilattirattu Ammanai, the holy book of the Ayyavazhi religion, Kalicchi is the wife of Kaliyan. ... Venneesan was a mythical figure found in Ayyavazhi mythology. ... This Punal Rhishi is a sage in Ayyavazhi mythology. ... This article is confusing for some readers, and needs to be edited for clarity. ... In the second yukam called Chathura Yukam,accoording to Ayyavazhi mythology one of the six Pieces of Kroni was formed as a creature with the name of Kuntomasali with the shape and size of a mammoth leech, and when it disturbed the tavam of those in Thavalokam, Mayon destroyed it... Netu Yukam, according to Ayyavazhi mythology, was a time when another fragment of Kroni was created into two wicked persons called Thillaimallalan and Mallosivahanan. ... The introduction of this article does not provide enough context for readers unfamiliar with the subject. ... [[|Ayya as Raman]] Thretha Yukam was the fifth of the Eight Yukams. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... This is the seventh of the Eight Yukams according to Ayyavazhi Mythology ... The Dharma Yukam or Satya Yuga is the eighth or final yukam (aeon or age), according to Ayyavazhi mythology. ... The Vaikunda Avataram is celebrated on the 20th day of the Tamil Month of Masi, the date at which Lord Vaikundar arose from the sea of Thiruchendur as the son of Mummorthies to destroy the evil spirit of KÃ¡li, not the Hindu deity, present in this Kali Yuga and... Thiru Eadu Vasippu is the festival celebrated in the worship centers of Ayyavazhi. ... This is the festival celebrated in Swamithoppepathi for eleven days. ... Panguni Theertham, is a festival celebrated in honour of the Tavam of Vaikundar. ... Major religious groups as a percentage of the world population in 2005 (Encyclopaedia Britannica). ... Abrahamic religions symbols designating the three prevalent monotheistic religions â€“ Judaism, Christianity, and Islam Abrahamic religion is a term commonly used to designate the three prevalent monotheistic religions â€“ Judaism, Christianity, and Islam[1][2] â€“ which claim Abraham (Hebrew: Avraham ×Ö·×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸× ; Arabic: Ibrahim Ø§Ø¨Ø±Ø§Ù‡ÙŠÙ… ) as a part of their sacred history. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... This article is about the generally recognized global religious community. ... Topics in Christianity Movements Â· Denominations Â· Other religions Ecumenism Â· Preaching Â· Prayer Music Â· Liturgy Â· Calendar Symbols Â· Art Â· Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul Â· Church Fathers Constantine Â· Athanasius Â· Augustine Anselm Â· Aquinas Â· Palamas Â· Luther Calvin Â· Wesley Arius Â· Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury Â· Catholic Pope Coptic Pope Â· Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box: Christianity is... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Haile Selassie I The Rastafari movement, or Rasta, is a new religious movement[1] that accepts Haile Selassie I, the former Emperor of Ethiopia, as God incarnate, called Jah[2] or Jah Rastafari. ... A statue of the Sakyamuni Buddha in Tawang Gompa, India. ... Hinduism is a religious tradition[1] that originated in the Indian subcontinent. ... Jain and Jaina redirect here. ... Sikhism (IPA: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ), founded on the teachings of Guru Nanak Dev and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century Northern India, is the fifth-largest religion in the world. ... Zoroastrianism is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings ascribed to the prophet Zoroaster (Zarathustra, Zartosht). ... Manichaeism was one of the major ancient religions. ... Yarsan or Ahl-i Haqq (Kurdish:Yarsan/Yaresan or Kakeyi, Arabic,Persian:Ø§Ù‡Ù„ ØÙ‚, Ahl-e Haqq, derived from an Arabic phrase translatable as People of the Truth and as Men of God[1]) is a religious sect, and its followers are primarily found in western Iran. ... Mazdak was a proto-socialist Persian philosopher who gained influence under the reign of the Sassanian king Kavadh I. He was hanged and his followers were massacred by Khosrau I, Kavadhs son. ... Religions YazdÃ¢nism (Yazidism) Scriptures KitÃªba Cilwe (Book of Illumination) Languages Kurmanji, Arabic The Yazidi (also Yezidi, Kurdish: ÃŠzidÃ®tÃ® or ÃŠzidÃ®, Arabic: ÙŠØ²ÙŠØ¯ÙŠ or Ø§ÙŠØ²ÙŠØ¯ÙŠ) are adherents of the smallest of the three branches of YazdÃ¢nism, a Middle Eastern religion with ancient Indo-European roots. ... A traditional representation of The Vinegar Tasters, an allegorical image representing Buddhists, Confucianists and Taoists. ... A Confucian temple in Wuwei, Peoples Republic of China. ... The Juche Idea (also Juche Sasang or Chuche; pronounced // in Korean, approximately joo-cheh) is the official state ideology of North Korea and the political system based on it. ... Taoism (or Daoism) is the English name referring to a variety of related Chinese philosophical traditions and concepts. ... Shinto ) is the native religion of Japan and was once its state religion. ... A new religious movement or NRM is a term used to refer to a religious faith, or an ethical, spiritual or philosophical movement of recent origin that isnt part of an established denomination, church, or religious body. ... Cao Dais Holy See, called the Tay Ninh Holy See, is located in Tay Ninh, Viet Nam Caodaism (Vietnamese: ) is a relatively new, syncretist, monotheistic religion, officially established in TÃ¢y Ninh, southern Vietnam, in 1926. ... Neopaganism or Neo-Paganism is any of a heterogeneous group of new religious movements, particularly those influenced by ancient, primarily pre-Christian and sometimes pre-Judaic religions. ... Doctrine Practices Concepts People Public outreach Organization Controversy Scientology is a body of beliefs and related practices created by American pulp fiction author L. Ron Hubbard in 1952 as an outgrowth of his earlier self-help system, Dianetics. ... This article is about Kardecist spiritism. ... Tenrikyo Headquarters, Tenri Tenrikyo (å¤©ç†æ•™; TenrikyÅ, lit. ... The flaming chalice is the universally recognized symbol for Unitarian Universalism. ... African traditional women and male priests, Togo, West Africa, 2006. ... Afro-American religions are a number of related religions that developed in the Americas among African slaves and their descendants in various countries of the Caribbean Islands and Latin America, as well as parts of the southern United States. ... The term Animism is derived from the Latin anima, meaning soul.[1][2] In its most general sense, animism is simply the belief in souls. ... Folk religion consists of beliefs, superstitions and rituals transmitted from generation to generation of a specific culture. ... This article is about the practice of shamanism; for other uses, see Shaman (disambiguation). ... For the academic study of religion in general, see Religious studies. ... Prehistoric religion is a general term for the hypothetical religious belief system of prehistoric peoples. ... The Religions of the Ancient Near East were mostly polytheistic, with some early examples of emerging Henotheism (Akhenaton, early Judaism). ... Ancient Semitic religion spans the polytheistic religions of the Semitic speaking peoples of the Ancient Near East. ... Mesopotamian mythology is the collective name given to Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyrian, and Babylonian mythologies from the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Iraq. ... Ancient anthropomorphic Ukrainian stone stela (Kernosovka stela), possibly depicting a late Proto-Indo-European god, most likely Dyeus The existence of similarities among the deities and religious practices of the Indo-European peoples allows glimpses of a common Proto-Indo-European religion and mythology. ... Celtic polytheism refers to the religious beliefs and practices of ancient Celts until the Christianization of Celtic-speaking lands. ... Hellenistic religion refers to any of the various systems of beliefs and practices of the Eurasian peoples who lived under the influence of ancient Greek culture during the Hellenistic period and the Roman Empire (ca. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Neoplatonism (also Neo-Platonism) is the modern term for a school of religious and mystical philosophy that took shape in the 3rd century AD, founded by Plotinus and based on the teachings of Plato and earlier Platonists. ... Religion in ancient Rome combined several different cult practices and embraced more than a single set of beliefs. ... Slavic mythology and Slavic religion evolved over more than 3,000 years. ... This article discusses the historical religious practices in the Vedic time period; see Dharmic religions for details of contemporary religious practices. ... Religious belief refers to a faith or creed concerning the supernatural, sacred, or divine. ... For other senses of this word, see ritual (disambiguation). ... A liturgy is the customary public worship of a religious group, according to their particular traditions. ... Marcus Aurelius and members of the Imperial family offer sacrifice in gratitude for success against Germanic tribes: contemporary bas-relief, Capitoline Museum, Rome For other uses, see Sacrifice (disambiguation). ... Religion and mythology differ, but have overlapping aspects. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Spirituality, in a narrow sense, concerns itself with matters of the spirit. ... For other uses, see Supernatural (disambiguation). ... This article is about the term Deity in the context of mysticism and theology. ... This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ... A priesthood is a body of priests, shamans, or oracles who are thought to have special religious authority or function. ... For other senses of this word, see denomination. ... Religious conversion is the adoption of a new religious identity, or a change from one religious identity to another. ... Apostasy (from Greek Î±Ï€Î¿ÏƒÏ„Î±ÏƒÎ¯Î±, meaning a defection or revolt, from Î±Ï€Î¿, apo, away, apart, ÏƒÏ„Î±ÏƒÎ¹Ï‚, stasis, standing) is a term generally employed to describe the formal renunciation of ones religion, especially if the motive is deemed unworthy. ... Religious disaffiliation means leaving a faith, or a religious group or community. ... The following text needs to be harmonized with text in the article Truth. ... Religious studies is the designation commonly used in the English-speaking world for a multi-disciplinary, secular study of religion that dates to the late 19th century in Europe (and the influential early work of such scholars as Friedrich Max MÃ¼ller, in England, and Cornelius P. Tiele, in the... The anthropology of religion involves the study of religious institutions in relation to other social institutions, and the comparison of religious beliefs and practices across cultures. ... There are a number of models regarding the ways in which religions come into being and develop. ... For the academic study of religion in general, see Religious studies. ... The Major religious groups of the world. ... Psychology of religion is psychologys theory of religious experiences and beliefs. ... // The sociology of religion is primarily the study of the practices, social structures, historical backgrounds, development, universal themes, and roles of religion in society. ... Philosophy of religion is the rational study of the meaning and justification ( or rebuttal) of fundamental religious claims, particularly about the nature and existence of God (or gods, or the divine). ... Theology finds its scholars pursuing the understanding of and providing reasoned discourse of religion, spirituality and God or the gods. ... This article covers various areas of the interaction between religion and politics. ... Christianity - Percentage by country Islam - Percentage by country Buddhism - Percentage by country Hinduism - Percentage by country The table above is compiled from the relevant Wikipedia pages listing Religions by Country. ... Proselytism is the practice of attempting to convert people to another opinion, usually another religion. ... There are several different religions claimed to be the â€œfastest growing religionâ€. Such claims vary due to different definitions of â€œfastest growingâ€, and whether the claim is worldwide or regional. ... South America Europe Middle East Africa Asia Oceania Demography of religions by country Full list of articles on religion by country Religion Portal Nations with state religions: Buddhism Islam Shia Islam Sunni Islam Orthodox Christianity Protestantism Roman Catholic Church A state religion (also called an official religion, established church... The term national church is usually a reference to a church organization in Christianity that claims pastoral jurisdiction over a nation. ... Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box: For the metal band, refer to Theocracy (band). ... The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen guarantees freedom of religion, as long as religious activities do not infringe on public order in ways detrimental to society. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Christian Left or Religious Left are terms used to describe those who hold a strong Christian belief and share left-wing, liberal, or socialist ideals. ... Minority religion is the religion held by a minority of the population of a country, state, or region. ... The word schism (IPA: or ), from the Greek ÏƒÏ‡Î¯ÏƒÎ¼Î±, skhÃsma (from ÏƒÏ‡Î¯Î¶Ï‰, skhÃzÅ, to tear, to split), means a division or a split, usually in an organization or a movement. ... Religious violence Throughout history, religious beliefs have provoked some believers into violence. ... For other uses of the term, see Holy War. ... Religious persecution is systematic mistreatment of an individual or group due to their religious affiliation. ... Religious terrorism refers to terrorism justified or motivated by religion and is a form of religious violence. ... Look up fundamentalism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Fascist (epithet). ... This article is about secularism. ... The criticism of religion includes criticism of the concept of religion, the validity of religion, the practice of religion, and the consequences of religion for humanity. ... Science and Religion are portrayed to be in harmony in the Tiffany window Education (1890). ... Atheist redirects here. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... This section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article is about secularization. ... Constantines Conversion, depicting the conversion of Emperor Constantine the Great to Christianity, by Peter Paul Rubens. ... Jacques Derrida Deconstruction-and-religion -- also known as weak theology and religion without religion -- is a nontheistic mode of thought that proceeds from a theological and deconstructive framework. ... The field of secular theology, a subfield of liberal theology advocated by Anglican bishop John A. T. Robinson somewhat paradoxically combines secularism and theology. ... Many Wikipedia articles on religious topics are not yet listed on this page. ... For a more comprehensive list, see List of religious topics Religion is the adherence to codified beliefs and rituals that (generally) involve a faith in a spiritual nature and a study of inherited ancestral traditions, knowledge and wisdom related to understanding human life. ... This list of deities aims to give information about deities in the different religions, cultures and mythologies of the world. ... The list of people considered to be deities consists of those notable human beings who were considered deities by themselves or others. ... The following is a list of religions and spiritual traditions. ... This List of new religious movements (NRMs), lists groups founded after 1800 that either identify themselves as religious, ethical or spiritual organizations or are generally seen as such by religious scholars, which are independent of older denominations, churches, or religious bodies. ... This list includes groups and organizations referred to as a cult or a sect in academic sources, the media and other reliable sources. ... The following figures are believed to have founded or inspired religions or religious philosophies, or to have been the founders of specific churches or denominations or first codifiers or best-known proponents of older known religious tradition. ... The following is a list of religion scholars. ... This is a list of the largest historic gatherings of people for a single event. ... The following is a list of religions and spiritual traditions. ...

Contents

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