Azov (Russian: Азо́в) is a town in Rostov Oblast, Russia, situated on the Don River just three kilometers from the Sea of Azov, which derives its name from the town. Its population is 82,090 (2002 Census). Rostov Oblast (Russian: ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in Southern Federal District. ... The Don (Дон) is one of the major rivers of Russia. ... The shallow Sea of Azov is clearly distinguished from the deeper Black Sea. ... Russian Census of 2002 (Russian: ) was the first census of Russian Federation carried out on October 9, 2002. ...

Early settlements in the vicinity

The mouth of the Don River has always been an important commercial centre. At the start of the 3rd century BCE the Greeks from the Kingdom of Bosporus founded a colony here, which they called Tanais (after the Greek name of the river). Several centuries later the settlement was burnt down by king Poleumon of Bosporus. The introduction of Greek colonists restored its prosperity, but the Goths practically annihilated it in the 3rd century. The site of ancient Tanais, now occupied by Nedvigovka village, has been excavated since the mid-19th century. Tomb monument of Jacopo Cornaro, Venetian consul of Tana This work is copyrighted. ... (4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - other centuries) (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium AD) Events The first two Punic Wars between Carthage and Rome over dominance in western Mediterranean Rome conquers Spain Great Wall of China begun Indian traders regularly visited Arabia Scythians occupy... The Bosporan kingdom or the Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus was an ancient state, located in eastern Crimea and the Taman peninsula on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus. ... Sarmatian cataphract from Tanais. ... Invasion of the Goths: a late 19th century painting by O. Fritsche, is a highly romanticized portrait of the Goths as cavalrymen. ...

In the 10th century, the area passed under control of the Slavic princedom of Tmutarakan. The Kypchaks, seizing the area in 1067, renamed it Azaq (i.e., lowlands ), from which appellation the modern name is derived. The Golden Horde claimed most of the coast in the 13th and 14th centuries, but the Venetian and Genoese merchants were granted permission to settle on the site of modern-day Azov and founded there a colony which they called Tana. The Turks put an end to its prosperity in 1471, when they seized the area and built a strong fortress of Azov. Tmutarakan is an ancient city that controlled the passage from the Black Sea to the Sea of Azov. ... Kypchaks (also Kipchaks, Qipchaqs) are an ancient Turkic people, first mentioned in historical chronicles of Central Asia in the 1st millennium BC. The western Kypchaks were also named Kuman, Kun and Polovtsian (pl. ... The Golden Horde (Turkish: Altın Ordu) was a Turkic state established in parts of present-day Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan after the break up of the Mongol Empire in the 1240s. ... Venice (Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venezsia) is the capital of region Veneto, and has a population of 271,663 (census estimate January 1, 2004). ... Alternate uses, see Genoa (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Fortress of Azov

A 17th-century Dutch engraving representing the Battle of Azov (1696)

In what is known as one of the more legendary pages of Cossack history, the Don Cossacks captured the fortress with its Turkish garrisson of 4000 soldiers and 200 cannons in the summer of 1637 and held it for 5 years. In June 1641 they withstood a long siege by an Ottoman army. In 1642, when the Turks retreated, the Tsar summoned a popular assembly, or Zemsky Sobor, which decided to surrender the fortress in order to avoid the full-scale war with Turkey. Before leaving the castle, the Cossacks annihilated all the fortifications. Adriaan Schoonebeck. ... Adriaan Schoonebeck. ... Don Cossacks refers to cossacks that settled along the Don River, Russia it its lower and middle parts. ... Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 Osman I  - 1918–1922 Mehmed VI... The zemsky sobor (Russian: зе́мский собо́р) was the first Russian parliament of the feudal Estates type, in the 16th and 17th centuries. ...

The town, however, had yet to pass through many vicissitudes. During the so-called Azov campaigns (1696), Peter the Great managed to recover the fortress but the disastrous Pruth Campaign constrained him to hand it back to the Turks in 1711. A humorous description of the events is featured in Voltaire's Candide. During the Great Russo-Turkish War it was taken by the army under Count Rumyantsev and finally ceded to Russia under the terms of Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji (1774). For 7 years Azov was a capital of a separate government but, with the growth of neighbouring Rostov-on-the-Don, gradually declined in importance. Azov campaigns of 1695-1696 (Азовские походы in Russian), two Russian military campaigns during the Russo-Turkish War of 1686-1700, led by Peter the Great and aimed at capturing the Turkish fortress of Azov (garrison - 7,000... Peter the Great or Peter Alexeyevich Romanov (Russian: Пётр I Алексеевич Pyotr I Alekséyevich) (9 June 1672–8 February 1725 [30 May 1672–28 January 1725 O.S.] [1]) ruled Russia from 7 May (27 April O.S.) 1682 until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his weak and sickly... The Russo-Turkish War of 1710-1711 was the southernmost theatre of the Great Northern War. ... François-Marie Arouet (21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778), better known by the pen name Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment writer, essayist, deist and philosopher known for his wit, philosophical writings, and defense of civil liberties, including freedom of religion and the right to a fair trial. ... Candide andrew, ou lOptimisme, (Candide, or Optimism) (1759) is a picaresque novel by the Enlightenment philosopher Voltaire. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The Rumyantsev family were the Russian counts prominent in the imperial politics of the 18th and early 19th century. ... The Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji (Küçük Kaynarca) was signed on July 21, 1774, between Russia (represented by Field-Marshal Rumyantsev) and the Ottoman Empire after the Ottoman Empire was defeated in the Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774. ... ...

See also

• Tanais
• Azov campaigns

Sarmatian cataphract from Tanais. ... Azov campaigns of 1695-1696 (Азовские походы in Russian), two Russian military campaigns during the Russo-Turkish War of 1686-1700, led by Peter the Great and aimed at capturing the Turkish fortress of Azov (garrison - 7,000...

External links

• Soviet topographic map 1:100,000
• Azov webportal (Russian)

	Cities and towns in Rostov Oblast
	Administrative center: Rostov-on-Don Aksay | Azov | Bataysk | Belaya Kalitva | Donetsk | Gukovo | Kamensk-Shakhtinsky | Novocherkassk | Novoshakhtinsk | Konstantinovsk | Krasny Sulin | Millerovo | Morozovsk | Proletarsk | Salsk | Semikarakorsk | Shakhty | Taganrog | Tsimlyansk | Volgodonsk | Zernograd | Zverevo Rostov Oblast (Russian: ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in Southern Federal District. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Central market and Church in Rostov. ... Bataysk (Russian: ) is a city in Rostov Oblast, Russia. ... Belaya Kalitva (Russian: ) is a town in Rostov Oblast, Russia. ... For Donetsk in Ukraine, see Donetsk. ... Gukovo is a city in the Rostov oblast of Russia. ... Kamensk-Shakhtinsky (Russian: ) , is a town in Rostov Oblast, in southwestern Russia on the Donets River. ... Roads leading to Novocherkassk are graced by triumphal arches, erected to commemorate the Cossack victory over Napoleon. ... Novoshakhtinsk, or NovoÅ¡achtinsk, is a city in Rostov, Russia. ... Krasny Sulin (Russian: ) is a town in Rostov Oblast, Russia. ... Millerovo (Russian: ) is a town in Rostov Oblast, Russia. ... Proletarsk (Russian: ) is a town in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located at , . Manych River flows through the city. ... Semikarakorsk (Russian: ) is a town in Rostov Oblast, Russia. ... This geography article needs to be wikified. ... Taganrog (Russian: ) is a city and seaport in Rostov Oblast, Russia. ... Volgodonsk (Волгодонск in Russian) is a town in the Rostov Oblast in Russia. ...

Coordinates: 47°6′ N°39′25 Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...