Part of the series on Azerbaijanis Azərbaycanlılar Азәрбајҹанлылар آذربایجانلیلار Azerbaijani culture Architecture · Art · Cinema · Cuisine · Dance · Dress · Literature · Music · Religion · Media · Sport Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Music of Azerbaijan includes various arrays of styles that reflect influences from the musics of the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Iran. ... By country or region Azerbaijan · Iran · Georgia · Russia Turkey · Armenia Religion Shia Islam · Sunni Islam · Christianity · Bahá'í Faith · Zoroastrianism Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Sunni Muslims are the largest denomination of Islam. ... Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... Seat of the Universal House of Justice, governing body of the Baháís, in Haifa, Israel The Baháí Faith is the religion founded by Baháulláh in 19th century Persia. ... Zoroastrianism is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings ascribed to the prophet Zoroaster (Zarathustra, Zartosht). ... Languages and dialects Azerbaijani v • d • e

The Azerbaijani language is a language of the Oghuz branch of Turkic languages mutually intelligible with the Turkish of Turkey, Turkmenistan, Iran, the Balkans and the Middle East. It is the official language of the republic of Azerbaijan and is also widely spoken in NW Iran. Azerbaijani literature has a rich literary heritage at least from the 13th century onward. The Azerbaijani language, also called Azeri, Azari, Azeri Turkish, or Azerbaijani Turkish, is the official language of the Republic of Azerbaijan. ... The Oghuz languages, a major branch of the Turkic language family, are spoken by more than 110-130 million people (including second language speakers) in an area spanning from the Balkans to China. ... The Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken across a vast area from Eastern Europe to Siberia and Western China with an estimated 140 million native speakers and tens of millions of second-language speakers. ...

Classical Era

If the Kitab-i Dede Korkud is set aside, whose first composition is ascribed to the 11th century, although the text was probably not fixed before the 14th century, the first great name in Azeri Turkish literature is that of Shaykh Izz ad-Din Asfarayini. ^[1]. A renowned 13th century poet from Khorasan whose wrote under the pen name of Hasan-Oghlu. The Book of Dede Korkut is one of the most famous epics of the Turkmens or the Oghuz Turks. ...

Two important poets of the 14th century who played in an important role in development of Azerbaijani literature were Kadhi Burhan Ad-din and Nasimi. Nasimi a master of Persian and Arabic literature, as well his native Azerbaijani, used his poetic talent to propagate the Hurufi doctrine. The themes and lyricism of his poetry had their influence on later Azerbaijani poets. Imadeddin Nasimi (1369-1417) was born in Shamakhy, Azerbaijan. ... Hurufism (Arabic حروفية hurufiyya, adjective form hurufi) is a mystical esoteric Sufi sect, that was active in areas of western Persia, Turkey and Azerbaijan in later 14th - early 15th century. ...

In the 15th century, Azerbaijani literature was dominated by Black Sheep Turkmen (Qara Qoyunlu) and White Sheep Turkmen (Aq Qoyunlu), dynasties who ruled in parts of Iran. This period boasts such literary figures as Jahanshah Qaraqoyunlu (pen name Haqiqi), Habibi, and Shah Qasim Enver. (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... The Karakoyunlu or the Black Sheep Turkomans (Azeri_Turkish: Qaraqoyunlular/Karakoyunlular) were a Turkoman tribal federation that ruled what is today Iraq from 1375 to 1468. ... The Qara Qoyunlu or the Black Sheep Turkomans (Turkmen: Garagoýunly; Azeri: Qaraqoyunlu; Turkish: Karakoyunlu; Persian: قراقویونلو), were a tribal federation of Turkoman origin that ruled in what is today Eastern Anatolia, Armenia, Iranian Azerbaijan, and northern Iraq from 1375 to 1468. ... Flag of the Ak Koyunlu (Colours are speculative) The Akkoyunlu or the White Sheep Turkomans (Azeri-Turkish: Ağqoyunlular/Akkoyunlular) were a Turkoman tribal federation that ruled present-day Azerbaijan, eastern Anatolia, northern Iraq and western Iran from 1378 to 1508. ... ...

The simple (Azari) Turkish style introduced by Nasimi was developed further by Habibi, Shah Ismail the Safawi and Fizuli. The 16th century poet, Muhammed Fuzuli produced his timeless philosophical and lyrical Qazals in Arabic. Persian and Azerbaijani. Benefiting immensely from the fine literary traditions of his environment, and building upon the legacy of his predecessors, Fizuli was destined to become the leading literary figure of his society. His major works include The Divan of Ghazals and The Qasidas. Isamail Adil Shah (1510 - 1534) was the king of Bijapur who spent most of his time extending his territory. ... Fuzûlî (1483?–1556) Fużūlī (فضولی) was the pen name (مخلص; Arabic: mukhliṣ, Persian: mükhliṣ, Ottoman Turkish: maḫlaṣ) of the Turkic poet Muhammad bin Suleyman (محمد بن سليمان) (c. ... Fuzûlî (1483?–1556) Fużūlī (فضولی) was the pen name (مخلص; Arabic: mukhliṣ, Persian: mükhliṣ, Ottoman Turkish: maḫlaṣ) of the Turkic poet Muhammad bin Suleyman (محمد بن سليمان) (c. ... Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ... Persian (Local names: فارسی Fârsi or پارسی Pârsi)* is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan as well as by minorities in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, India, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ...

In the 16th century, Azerbaijani literature began to flourish — folk literature grew and minstrels and bards began developing Ashiglar poetry. This was also the period when, under the pen name "Khata'i", Shah Ismail I produced his famous work Divani Xetayi. A unique literary style known as “Qoshma” was introduced in this period, developed by Shah Ismail and later on by his successor Shah Tahmasp. (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... Shah Ismail I, the founder of Safavid Dynasty of Iran. ... Shah or Shahzad is a Persian term for a monarch (ruler) that has been adopted in many other languages. ... Shah Ismail I, the founder of the Safavid State. ...

Azeris also celebrate Koroglu, a legendary hero. The Epic of Koroğlu is shared by the Azerbaijanis, Turks, and the Turkmens. Most of the characters in the epic were historical persons, including Koroglu, Giziroglu Bey, Kosa Safar, Jafar and Hasan Pasha. Koroglu's many poems are kept in the Institute of Manuscripts of the Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan.^[1]

In the span of the 17th century and 18th century, Fizuli's unique genres as well Ashigh poetry were taken up by prominent poets and writers such as Qovsi of Tabriz, Shah Abbas Sani, Aqa Mesih Shirvani, Nishat, Widadi, Vaqif, Amani, Zafar and others. (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Vagif’s mausoleum in Shusha before occupation of the town by Armenian forces Molla Panah Vagif (1717-1797) - famous 18th century poet, the founder of realism genre in the Azerbaijanian poetry and also a prominent statesman and diplomat, vizier - the minister of foreign affairs in the Karabakh khanate. ... Amani is an Arabic name which is the plural of Amal, which means wishes in arabic. ... Zafarظفار is an ancient Arabian site, situated in Yemen, some 130 km southsouthwest of the capital Sanaá. It was the capital of the Himyarites, who ruled much of southern Arabia (c. ...

The 19th Century onward

The country's literature in the 20th century was profoundly influenced by political events that took place early in the 19th century — Russia, winning the Russo-Persian Wars annexed Persia's Caucasian territories, which included the territory of the present day Republic of Azerbaijan. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Russo-Persian Wars were wars fought between the Russian Empire and Persia in 18-20th centuries. ...

Under Russian rule, Azeri writers who did not conform to the party line were persecuted, particularly while Josef Stalin was in power. Stalin and the Bolsheviks sought to destroy the intellectual foundation of Azerbaijan by turning intellectuals and writers into mouthpieces for propaganda. Accordingly, much of the Azeri writing of the era surrounding World War II was primarily propagandistic. The writers that refused to comply were disciplined — many were seized during Stalin's purges. (Russian, in full: Ио́сиф Виссарио́нович Ста́лин [Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin]; December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[1] – March 5, 1953) was the leader of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s to his death in 1953 and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922-1953... Bolshevik Party Meeting. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... In history and political science, to purge is to remove undesirable people from a government, political party, profession, or from community/society as a whole, usually by violent means. ...

An influential piece of post World War II Azerbaijani poetry, Heydar Babaya Salam (Greetings to Heydar Baba) was written by Iranian poet Mohammad Hossein Shahriar who had already established himself as a notable Persian poet. This poem, published in Tabriz in 1954 and written in colloquial Azerbaijani, became popular among Iranians and the people of Azerbaijan Republic. In Heydar Babaya Salam, Shahriar expressed his identity as an Iranian Azerbaijani attached to his homeland, language, and culture. Heydar Baba is a hill near Khoshknab, the native village of the poet. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Seyyed Mohammad Hossein Behjat-Tabrizi (Persian: سید محمدحسین بهجت تبریزی)‎ (1906-September 18, 1988), chiefly known by his pen name as Shahriar (or Shahryar / Shahriyar شهریار), was an Iranian Azeri poet, writing in Persian and Azerbaijani. ... Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

When Nikita Khrushchev came to power in 1958 following Stalin's death, the harsh focus on propaganda began to fade, and writers began to branch off in new directions, primarily focused on uplifting prose that would be a source of hope to Azerbaijanis living under a totalitarian regime. Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (Russian: , Nikita Sergeevič Chruščiov; IPA: , in English, , or , occasionally ); surname more accurately romanized as Khrushchyov[1]; April 17 [O.S. April 5] 1894[2]–September 11, 1971) was the chief director of the Soviet Union after the death of Joseph Stalin. ... Year 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Influences on Azerbaijani Literature

Persian and Arabic literature have greatly influenced Azerbaijani literature, especially in its classical phase. Amongst poets who have written in Persian and have influenced Azerbaijani literature, one can mention Ferdowsi, Sanai, Hafez, Saadi, Attar and Rumi. Arabic literature, especially the Quran and Prophetic sayings, has also played a major role in influencing Azerbaijani literature. Amongst poets who have written in Arabic and have influenced Azerbaijani literature, one can mention Manūr al-Hallāj who has had a wide ranging influence in the Sufic literature of the Islamic world. Persian literature (in Persian: ‎ ) spans two and a half millennia, though much of the pre-Islamic material has been lost. ... Arabic literature (Arabic ,الأدب العربي ) Al-Adab Al-Arabi, is the writing produced, both prose and poetry, by speakers of the Arabic language. ... Ferdowsi Tousi (فردوسی طوسی in Persian) (more commonly transliterated Firdausi, Ferdosi or Ferdusi) (935–1020) is considered to be one of the greatest Persian poets to have ever lived. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Hafez, detail of an illumination in a Persian manuscript of the Divan of Hafez, 18th century. ... Saadi may refer to one of the following: Saadi (poet), the medieval Persian Sufi poet Saadi Dynasty, the Moroccan dynasty Vicente Saadi, the Argentine politician Saïd Sadi, the Algerian political activist Abd ar-Rahman as-Saadi, Islamic scholar of fiqh and tafsir Category: ... The Conference of the Birds painted by Habib Allah. ... Rumi (born November 29, 1982) is a Persian-Canadian Singer-songwriter and a Photographer who is currently based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. ... The Quran (Arabic al-qurʾān أَلْقُرآن; also transliterated as Quran, Koran, and less commonly Alcoran) is the holy book of Islam. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... ... Sufism is a mystic tradition that is practised by some muslims and some non-muslims and encompasses a diverse range of beliefs and practices dedicated to divine love and the cultivation of the heart. ...

Notes

References

External links

• The Book of Dede Korkut (English translation)
• "Literature" by Azeri.org
• Azeri Literature
• Azerbaijani Literature and Authors, part of Virginia Tech University Libraries Slavic, East European, and Former USSR Resources page
• Aesopian literary dimensions in Azerbaijani literature of the Soviet period, 1920--1990, by Maliheh Shams Tyrrell, Columbia University, Faculty Advisor: Edward Allworth, Date: 1999
• The Institute of Literature named after Nizami of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences
• The Use of Spoken Russian in Azerbaijani Literature, by Andreas Tietze, Slavic Review, Vol. 22, No. 4 (Dec., 1963), pp. 727-733
• Azeribooks project of the United States Public Affairs Section
• Azerbaijan National Bibliography (1987-1991)