Azo (before 1190—after 1220) was an influential Italian jurist and a member of the school of the so-called glossators. He wrote glosses on all parts of the Corpus Iuris Civilis. His most influential work is his Summa Codicis, a commentary of the civil law organized according to the order of Justinian's Code. This book did enjoy great authority among generations of continental lawyers. It was also used (and often copied verbatim) by Henry Bracton in his account of English law. Azo also wrote many glosses which have been superseded by the glosses written and arranged by his pupil Franciscus Accursius. Events March 16 - Massacre and mass-suicide of the Jews of York, England prompted by Crusaders and Richard Malebys kill 150-500 Jews in Cliffords Tower June 10 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowned in the Saleph River while leading an army to Jerusalem. ... Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century Decades: 1170s 1180s 1190s 1200s 1210s - 1220s - 1230s 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s Years: 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 - 1220 - 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 See also: 1220 state leaders The world in 1220 Middle Ages in Europe Fifth Crusade (1217-1221) Events Mongols... The scholars of the 11th and 12th century legal schools in Italy, France and Germany are identified as glossators in a specific sense. ... The Corpus Juris Civilis (Body of Civil Law) is a fundamental work in jurisprudence issued from 529 to 534 by order of Justinian I, Byzantine Emperor. ... Justinian I depicted on one of the famous mosaics of the Basilica of San Vitale. ... The Corpus Juris Civilis (Body of Civil Law) is a fundamental work in jurisprudence issued from 529 to 534 by order of Justinian I, Byzantine Emperor. ... A gloss is a note made in the margins or between the lines of a book, in which the meaning of the text in its original language is explained in another language. ...
The Italian proverb Chi non ha Azzo, non vada al palazzo, roughly translated: "Who hasn't Azo on his side, will not go to court", either as a plaintiff nor as judge, shows the high esteem people held for his views and arguments. As one of the very few medieval legal texts in Latin, the Summa Codicis has been translated into Old French.
Whatever else the Roman jurists suggested, it was rarely that ius publicum was conceived as a separate branch of the law concerned with the state or its constitution.
It might be said that the jurists, having in their practice and study of private law no need or opportunity for exposition of the nature and extent of the powers and jurisdiction of state magistracies, determined to exploit the opportunity to do this in connexion with municipal magistrates instead.
Just as Azo in his Quaestiones had maintained that every ruler had the same power in his territory as the emperor [60], so too, as early as 1202, had Innocent III acknowledged that the king of France, Philip Augustus, was an emperor in his own kingdom [61].
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