Azov campaigns of 1695-1696 (Азовские походы in Russian), two Russian military campaigns during the Russo-Turkish War of 1686-1700, led by Peter the Great and aimed at capturing the Turkish fortress of Azov (garrison - 7,000 men), which had been blocking Russia's access to the Azov Sea and the Black Sea. There are several common types of campaign: For organized efforts, each toward specific political goals, see political campaign. ... Russo-Turkish War of 1686—1700, a part of the joint European effort to stop the continuing aggression of the Ottoman Empire. ... Peter I Emperor and Autocrat of All Russia Peter I (Pyotr Alekseyvich) (9 June 1672–8 February 1725 [30 May 1672–28 January 1725 O.S.1]) ruled Russia from 7 May (27 April O.S.) 1682 until his death. ... Fortifications (Latin fortis, strong, and facere, to make) are military constructions designed for defensive warfare. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... For people named Garrison, see Garrison (disambiguation). ... The shallow Sea of Azov is clearly distinguished from the deeper Black Sea. ... Satellite view of the Black Sea, taken by NASA MODIS Cities of the Black Sea The Black Sea (known as the Euxine Sea in the antiquity) is an inland sea between southeastern Europe and Asia Minor. ...

The first Azov campaign

The 1st Azov campaign began in the spring of 1695. Peter the Great ordered his army (31,000 men and 170 guns) to advance towards Azov. The army comprised crack regiments and the Don Cossacks and was divided into three units under the command of Franz Lefort, Patrick Gordon and Avtonom Golovin. Another Russian army (120,000 men, mostly cavalrymen, Streltsy and Ukrainian Cossacks) under the command of Boris Sheremetev set out for the lower reaches of the Dnieper with the goal of diverting the Crimean Khanate's attention. Between June 27 and July 5, the Russians completely blocked Azov from land. After two unsuccessful attacks on August 5 and September 25, the siege was lifted. Events January 27 - Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Ahmed II to Mustafa II (1695-1703) July 17 - The Bank of Scotland is founded by an Act of Parliament of the old Scottish Parliament. ... A nations army is its military, or more specifically, all of its land forces. ... A regiment is a military unit, larger than a company and smaller than a division. ... Don Cossacks refers to cossacks that settled along the Don River, Russia it its lower and middle parts. ... Franz Lefort (Франц Яковлевич Лефорт in Russian) (December 23, 1655 (January 2, 1656), Geneva — March 2(12), 1699, Moscow) was a Russian military figure of Swiss origin, admiral (1695), and close associate of Peter the Great. ... Patrick Gordon (1635 - November 29, 1699), Russian general, was descended from a Scottish family of Aberdeenshire, who possessed the small estate of Auchleuchries, and were connected with the house of Haddo. ... An army unit consisting of mounted soldiers are commonly known as cavalry. ... Streltsy (Стрельцы in Russian), a unit of Russian guardsmen in the 16th - early 18th centuries, armed with firearms. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Boris Petrovich Sheremetev (Борис Петрович Шереметев) (1652 – 1719) was a Russian count (1706), a military leader and a diplomat, and a general-field marshal (1701). ... This article is about the river. ... The Crimean Khanate (Khanate of Crimea), 1441–1783, the independent state of the Crimean Tatar people. ... June 27 is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 187 days remaining. ... July 5 is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 179 days remaining. ... August 5 is the 217th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (218th in leap years), with 148 days remaining. ... September 25 is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years). ... A siege is a prolonged military blockade and assault of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition. ...

The second Azov campaign

Taking of Azov, a 17th-centuty Dutch engraving

In the end of 1695, the Russians began preparing for the second Azov campaign. By the spring of 1696, they had built the Azov Fleet. The cavalry under the command of Sheremetev (up to 70,000 men) was once again sent to the lower reaches of the Dnieper. On April 23-26, the main forces (75,000 men) under the command of Aleksei Shein started to advance towards Azov by land and by water (the rivers of Voronezh and Don). Peter I and his galley fleet left for Azov on May 3. On May 27, the Russian fleet (2 battleships, 4 fire ships, 23 galleys etc.) under the command of Lefort reached the sea and blocked Azov. On June 14, the Turkish fleet (23 ships with 4,000 men) appeared at the mouth of the Don. However, it left after having lost 2 ships in combat. After massive bombardment from land and sea and seizure of the external rampart of the fortress by the Ukrainian and Don Cossaks on July 17, the Azov garrison surrendered on July 19. Adriaan Schoonebeck. ... Adriaan Schoonebeck. ... The year 1696 had the earliest equinoxes and solstices for 400 years in the Gregorian calendar, because this year is a leap year and the Gregorian calendar would have behaved like the Julian calendar since March 1500 had it have been in use that long. ... April is the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four with the length of 30 days. ... Aleksei Semyonovich Shein (Алексей Семенович Шеин in Russian) (1662 - February 12, 1700), Russian commander and statesman, the first Russian Generalissimus, boyar, grandson of Mikhail Shein. ... Voronezh (Воро́неж) is a large city in the south of Central Russia, not far from Ukraine. ... There are several rivers named Don: Don River, Russia, one of the main rivers of Russia. ... Peter I may mean: Peter I, Duke of Bourbon Peter I, Duke of Brittany Peter I of Bulgaria Peter I of Russia Peter I of Serbia Peter I (the Cruel) of Castile This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same... A French galley and Dutch men-of-war off a port by Abraham Willaerts, painted 17th century. ... Fleet can refer to several things: Two or more motor vehicles owned by a company A group of ships: Fishing fleet Naval fleet, such as US 1st Fleet also known as the US Coast Guard US 2nd Fleet US 3rd Fleet US 5th Fleet US 6th Fleet US 7th Fleet... May 3 is the 123rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (124th in leap years). ... May 27 is the 147th day (148th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 218 days remaining. ... The creation of the regular Russian Navy took place during the reign of Peter the Great. ... This article is about a battleship as a type of warship. ... This article is not about the fireboats that fight fire Defeat of the Spanish Armada, 1588-08-08 by Philippe-Jacques de Loutherbourg, painted 1796, depicts Drakes fire ship attack on the Spanish Armada. ... June 14 is the 165th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (166th in leap years), with 200 days remaining. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... A bombardment is an attack by artillery fire directed against fortifications, troops or towns and buildings. ... Rampart may mean: A type of defensive wall consisting of a low earthen embankment topped by a parapet or palisade. ... July 17 is the 198th day (199th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 167 days remaining. ... July 19 is the 200th day (201st in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 165 days remaining. ...

Aftermath

The Azov campaigns demonstrated the significance of having a fleet and marked the beginning of Russia's turning into a maritime power. Russia's success at Azov strengthened its positions during the Karlowitz Congress of 1698-1699 (see Treaty of Karlowitz) and favored the signing of the Constantinople Peace Treaty in 1700. Sunset at sea A sea is a large expanse of saline water connected with an ocean, or a large, usually saline, lake that lacks a natural outlet such as the Caspian Sea and the Dead Sea. ... Events January 4 - Palace of Whitehall in London is destroyed by fire. ... Events January 26 - Treaty of Karlowitz signed March 30 - the tenth Sikh Master, Guru Gobind Singh created the Khalsa. ... The Treaty of Karlowitz was signed in 1699 in Karlovci (German Karlowitz), concluding the Austro-Ottoman War of 1683-1697 in which the Ottoman side was defeated. ... Events January 1 - Russia accepts Julian calendar. ...