NationMaster - Encyclopedia: BBC Radiophonic Workshop

The BBC Radiophonic Workshop, one of the sound effects units of the BBC, was created in 1958 to produce effects and new music for radio, and was closed in March 1998, although much of its traditional work had already been outsourced by 1995. It was based in the BBC's Maida Vale studios in London, growing outwards from the then-legendary Room 13. The innovative music and techniques used by the Workshop has made it one of the most significant influences on electronic music today. Sound effects or audio effects are artificially created or enhanced sounds, or sound processes used to emphasize artistic or other content of movies, video games, music, or other media. ... The British Broadcasting Corporation, usually known as the BBC (and also informally known as the Beeb or Auntie) is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world in terms of audience numbers, employing 26,000 staff in the United Kingdom alone and with a budget of more than GBÂ£4 billion... Maida Vale is a road in north-west London, and a district surrounding it. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Electronic music is a term for music created using electronic devices. ...

History

Creation

The BBC Radiophonic Workshop was set-up to satisfy the growing demand in the late 1950s for "radiophonic" sounds from a group of producers and studio managers at the BBC, including Desmond Briscoe and Daphne Oram. For some time there had been much interest in producing innovative music and sounds to go with the pioneering programming of the era, in particular the dramatic output of the BBC Third Programme. Often the sounds required for the atmosphere that programme makers wished to create were unavailable or non-existent through traditional sources and so some, such as the musically trained Oram, would look to new techniques to produce effects and music for their pieces. Much of this interest drew them to musique concrète and tape manipulation techniques, since using these methods could allow them to create soundscapes suitable for the growing range of unconventional programming. When the BBC noticed the rising popularity of this method they established a Radiophonic Effects Committee, setting up the Radiophonic Workshop in rooms 13 & 14 of the BBC's Maida Vale studios with a budget of £2,000. The Workshop regularly released technical journals of their findings - leading to some of their techniques being borrowed by sixties producers and engineers such as Eddie Kramer. The British Broadcasting Corporation, usually known as the BBC (and also informally known as the Beeb or Auntie) is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world in terms of audience numbers, employing 26,000 staff in the United Kingdom alone and with a budget of more than GBÂ£4 billion... Desmond Briscoe is a musician and studio manager. ... Daphne Oram (December 31, 1925 - January 5, 2003), pioneering British composer and electronic musician. ... The BBC Third Programme was the third national radio network broadcast by the BBC, has since become Radio 3, but was originally known (at least within the BBC) as C. The other two were the Home Service (mainly speech based) and the Light Programme, dedicated to light music, usually cover... // Much like electroacoustic music, Musique concrÃ¨te (French; literally, concrete music), has been subject to conflicting perceptions about its character. ... Maida Vale is a road in north-west London, and a district surrounding it. ... Eddie Kramer is a legendary audio engineer and producer who has worked with KISS, Led Zeppelin, Jimi Hendrix, The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, David Bowie, Peter Frampton, Joe Cocker, Mott the Hoople, Curtis Mayfield, Santana, et al. ...

Early Days

In 1958, Desmond Briscoe was appointed the Senior Studio Manager with Dick Mills employed as a technical assistant. Much of The Radiophonic Workshop's early work was in effects for radio, in particular experimental drama and "radiophonic poems". Their significant early output included creating effects for the popular science-fiction serial Quatermass and the Pit, memorable comedy sounds for The Goon Show and development on Daphne Oram's "Oramics" technique, which involved creating sounds by drawing on 35 mm film, a technique for which Oram, in 1959, left the Workshop to focus on. That year Maddalena Fagandini joined the workshop from the BBC's Italian Service. Dick Mills (born 1936) is a British sound engineer and composer, specialising in electronic sound effects which he produced at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. ... The opening titles of Quatermass and the Pit. ... The Goon Show was a popular and influential British radio comedy programme, originally produced and broadcast by the BBC from 1951 to 1960 on the BBC Home Service. ... Daphne Oram (December 31, 1925 - January 5, 2003), pioneering British composer and electronic musician. ... Maddalena Fagandini is a electronic musician and television producer. ...

From the early sixties the Workshop began creating television theme tunes and jingles, particularly for low budget schools programmes. The dramatic move from the experimental nature of the late 50s dramas to the cheery themes was noticeable enough for one radio presenter to have to remind listeners that the purpose of the Workshop was not pop music. In fact, in 1962 one of Fagandini's interval signals "Time Beat" was reworked with assistance from George Martin (in his pre-Beatles days) and commercially released as a single using the pseudonym Ray Cathode. During this early period the innovative electronic approaches to music in the Workshop began to attract some significant young talent including Delia Derbyshire, Brian Hodgson and John Baker, who was in fact a jazz pianist with an interest in reverse tape effects. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Beatles were an English rock band from Liverpool whose members were John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. ... Delia Derbyshire (May 5, 1937 - July 3, 2001) was a British musician and composer who was a pioneer of electronic music. ... Brian Hodgson is a British television composer and sound technician. ... John Baker (1937-1997) was a musician and composer who worked in jazz and electronic music. ...

In these early days, one criticism the Workshop attracted was its policy of not allowing musicians from outside the BBC to use its equipment, which was some of the most advanced in the country at that time not only because of its nature, but also because of the unique combinations and workflows which the Workshop afforded its composers. In later years this would become less important as more electronic equipment became readily available to a wider audience.

Doctor Who

Perhaps the most significant recording in Radiophonic Workshop history came in 1963 when they were approached by composer Ron Grainer to record a theme tune for the upcoming BBC children's television series Doctor Who. Presented with the task of "realising" Grainer's score, complete with its descriptions of "sweeps", "swoops", "wind clouds" and "wind bubbles", Delia Derbyshire created a piece of musique concrète which has become one of television's most recognisable themes. Upon hearing his composition, which was almost unrecognisable when compared to its score, Grainer famously asked "Did I write that?", declaring that Derbyshire deserved half of his royalties although unfortunately due to BBC policy at the time could not receive any. Over the best part of the next three decades the Workshop contributed greatly to the programme providing its vast range of unusual sound-effects, from the TARDIS to the Sonic screwdriver, as well as much of its distinctive electronic incidental music, including every score from 1980 to 1985. Such is the relationship between the two that to many the phrase "Radiophonic Workshop" will always be associated with the programme, often to the detriment of the reputation of the Workshop's other output. The Doctor Who theme music was created in 1963, composed by Ron Grainer and realised with electronics by Delia Derbyshire of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. ... Ron Grainer (August 11, 1922 - February 21, 1981) was an Australian-born composer who worked for most of his professional career in the United Kingdom. ... Doctor Who is a long-running British science fiction television programme (and 1996 television movie) produced by the BBC about the adventures of a mysterious time-traveller known as the Doctor, who explores time and space with his companions, solving problems and righting wrongs. ... The Third Doctor emerging from the TARDIS in the 1970 serial Spearhead from Space. ... The Fourth Doctor and his sonic screwdriver (from The Sontaran Experiment). ...

Changes

As the sixties drew to a close many of the techniques used by the Workshop changed as more electronic music began to be produced by synthesisers. Many of the old members of the Workshop were reluctant to use the new instruments, often because of the limitations and unreliable nature of many of the early synthesisers but also, for some, because of a dislike of the sounds they created. This led to many leaving the workshop making way for a new generation of musicians in the early 1970s including Malcolm Clarke, Paddy Kingsland, Roger Limb and Peter Howell. From the early days of a studio full of tape reels and electronic oscillators, the Workshop now found itself in possession of various synthesisers including the EMS VCS 3 and the EMS Synthi 100 nicknamed the "Delaware" by the members of the Workshop. The term synthesiser is also used to mean frequency synthesiser, an electronic system found in communications. ... Malcolm Clarke (born 1943) was a British composer, and a member of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop for 25 years from 1969 to 1994. ... Paddy Kingsland is a composer of electronic music best known for his incidental music for science fiction series on BBC radio and TV, including two versions of The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy: the second radio series and the TV adaptation, as well as several serials of Doctor Who. ... Roger Limb is a British composer, specialising in electronic music. ... Peter Howell is a television composer who is best known for his work on Doctor Who. ... Cross coupled LC oscillator with output on top An electronic oscillator is an electronic circuit that produces a repetitive electronic signal, often a sine wave or a square wave. ... The VCS 3 (from Voltage Controlled for Studio with 3 oscillators) is a portable analog synthesiser with a flexible semi-modular voice architecture, initially made in 1969 by Peter Zinovieffs EMS company. ... The EMS Synthi 100 was a large synthesizer made by Electronic Music Studios (London) Ltd. ...

In 1977, Workshop founder Desmond Briscoe retired from organisational duties with Brian Hodgson, returning after a five year gap away from the Workshop, taking over.

By this point the output of the Workshop was vast with high demand for complete scores for programmes as well as the themes and sound effects for which it had made its name. By the end of the decade they were contributing to over 300 programmes a year from all departments of the BBC and had long since expanded from its early two room setup. Their contributions included material for programmes such as The Body in Question ,Blue Peter and Tomorrow's World as well as sound effects for popular science fiction programmes Blake's 7 and The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (in both its radio and television forms) by Richard Yeoman-Clark and Paddy Kingsland respectively. For other uses, see Blue Peter (disambiguation). ... Tomorrows World was a long-running BBC television series, showcasing new (and often wacky) developments in the world of science and technology. ... Blakes 7 was a British science fiction television series made by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) for their BBC 1 channel. ... The cover of the first novel in the Hitchhikers series, from a late 1990s printing. ... Richard Yeoman-Clark is a British composer and sound engineer who worked at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop for a number of years. ... Paddy Kingsland is a composer of electronic music best known for his incidental music for science fiction series on BBC radio and TV, including two versions of The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy: the second radio series and the TV adaptation, as well as several serials of Doctor Who. ...

Image File history File links Whale_Theme_from_HitchHikers_TV_series_sample. ... Software development stages In computer programming, development stage terminology expresses how the development of a piece of software has progressed and how much further development it may require. ... The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy was first and foremost a 1978 radio comedy series written by Douglas Adams. ...

Latter Days

By the early 1990s, under the direction of John Birt, the BBC had made the decision to cut departments which couldn't make enough revenue to cover their costs. In 1991 the Workshop was given five years in which to break even but the cost of keeping the department, which required a number of engineers as well as composers, proved too much and so they failed. In 1995, despite being asked to continue, organiser Brian Hodgson left the Workshop closely followed by Dick Mills and Malcolm Clarke. By the end only one composer, Elizabeth Parker, remained and the Workshop closed in March 1998. John Birt, Baron Birt (born 10 December 1944), served as the Director-General of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) from 1992 to 2000, having previously been deputy director-general since 1987. ... Elizabeth Parker is a British composer, who worked at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop for many years. ...

Legacy

Whilst the decision to close the Radiophonic Workshop was both regrettable and difficult the BBC recognised its contribution and heritage and as such Mark Ayres and Brian Hodgson were commissioned to catalogue the extensive library of recordings by the workshop prior to placing it into the archive, thus preserving a considerable part of the workshop's work for posterity.

Since the closure many of the Radiophonic Workshops albums have been re-released on CD and some of the incidental scores for episodes of Doctor Who have been made available for the first time.

In October 2003, Alchemists of Sound, an hour-long television documentary about the Radiophonic Workshop, was broadcast on BBC Four. A television documentary is a documentary or a series of documentaries that are meant to be broadcasted on television. ... BBC Four Ident BBC Four is a BBC television channel available to digital television (Freeview, satellite and cable) viewers in the UK. The successor to an earlier digital channel called BBC Knowledge, BBC Four began on March 2, 2002 â€“ its first evenings programmes being simulcast on BBC Two. ...

The Magnetic Fields titled the first track of their album Holiday after the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. The Magnetic Fields is a band led by the New York City singer-songwriter Stephin Merritt. ... Holiday is the third full album from The Magnetic Fields. ...

Techniques

The techniques initially used by the Radiophonic Workshop were closely related to those used in musique concrète; new sounds for programs were created by using recordings of everyday sounds such as voices, bells or gravel as raw material for "radiophonic" manipulations. In these manipulations, audio tape could be played back at different speeds (altering a sound's pitch), reversed, cut and joined, or processed using reverb or equalisation. The most famous of the Workshop's creations using 'radiophonic' techniques include the Doctor Who theme music, which Delia Derbyshire created using a plucked string, 12 oscillators and a lot of tape manipulation; and the sound of the TARDIS (the Doctor's time machine) materialising and dematerialising, which was created by Brian Hodgson running his keys along the rusty bass strings of a broken piano, with the recording slowed down to make an even lower sound. This article is about the audio effect called reverberation. ... Time travel is a concept that has long fascinated humanity—whether it is Merlin experiencing time backwards, or religious traditions like Mohammeds trip to Jerusalem and ascent to heaven, returning before a glass knocked over had spilt its contents. ... A short grand piano, with the top up. ...

Much of the equipment used by the Workshop in the earlier years of its operation in the late 1950s was semi-professional and was passed down from other departments, though two giant professional tape-recorders (which appeared to lose all sound above 10 kHz) made an early centrepiece. Reverberation was obtained using an echo chamber, a basement room with bare painted walls empty except for loudspeakers and microphones. Due to the considerable technical challenges faced by the Workshop and BBC traditions, staff initially worked in pairs with one person assigned to the technical aspects of the work and the other to the artistic direction. This article is about the technological device. ...

Members of the Radiophonic Workshop

Desmond Briscoe is a musician and studio manager. ... Daphne Oram (December 31, 1925 - January 5, 2003), pioneering British composer and electronic musician. ... Dick Mills (born 1936) is a British sound engineer and composer, specialising in electronic sound effects which he produced at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. ... Maddalena Fagandini is a electronic musician and television producer. ... Brian Hodgson is a British television composer and sound technician. ... Delia Derbyshire (May 5, 1937 - July 3, 2001) was a British musician and composer who was a pioneer of electronic music. ... John Baker (1937-1997) was a musician and composer who worked in jazz and electronic music. ... David Cain (born 1941) was a composer and technician for the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. ... Malcolm Clarke (born 1943) was a British composer, and a member of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop for 25 years from 1969 to 1994. ... Paddy Kingsland is a composer of electronic music best known for his incidental music for science fiction series on BBC radio and TV, including two versions of The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy: the second radio series and the TV adaptation, as well as several serials of Doctor Who. ... Richard Yeoman-Clark is a British composer and sound engineer who worked at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop for a number of years. ... Roger Limb is a British composer, specialising in electronic music. ... Glynis Jones was a composer, musician and member of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. ... Peter Howell is a television composer who is best known for his work on Doctor Who. ... Elizabeth Parker is a British composer, who worked at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop for many years. ... Jonathan Gibbs is a British composer. ... Richard Attree is a British TV and Film composer. ... Mark Ayres is a television composer who is best known for his work on Doctor Who. ...

Discography

Albums

In 1994, BBC Enterprises also licensed out material, by members of the Radiophonic Workshop, to the Cavendish Music Library for release on CD. Five themed compilations of material were released under the titles Poisoned Planet, Undersea World, Africa, Time And Space and Ethnic Impressions. They featured various works by Elizabeth Parker, Peter Howell, Roger Limb, Malcolm Clarke and Richard Attree. BBC Radiophonic Music was the first compilation of music released by the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. ... Fourth Dimension was a 1973 compilation album by BBC Radiophonic Workshop composer Paddy Kingsland. ... The Radiophonic Workshop was a compilation album of music by the BBC Radiophonic Workshop released in 1975. ... Out of This World was a 1976 compilation of atmospheric sounds and effects from the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. ... Through A Glass Darkly was the 1978 album by Peter Howell and the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. ... BBC Sound Effects No. ... BBC Radiophonic Workshop - 21 was a compilation by the BBC Radiophonic Workshop to celebrate their 21st anniversary in 1979. ... BBC Sound Effects No. ... Doctor Who - The Music was a 1983 compilation of music from the BBC Radiophonic Workshop featuring incidental music from the popular science-fiction televsion series Doctor Who. ... The Soundhouse was the 1983 compilation of music from the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. ... Doctor Who - The Music II was the follow-up to 1983s Doctor Who - The Music. ... Music from the BBC Radiophonic Workshop was a 2003 limited edition 4x 10 vinyl compilation collecting and re-ordering the comilations BBC Radiophonic Music and The Radiophonic Workshop, including the bonus tracks from their 2002 CD re-releases. ... BBC Worldwide Limited is the wholly-owned commercial subsidiary of the British Broadcasting Corporation, formed out of a restructuring of its predecessor BBC Enterprises in 1995. ...

Singles

Time Beat was the first commercial release from the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. ... The Beatles were an English rock band from Liverpool whose members were John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Doctor Who theme music was created in 1963, composed by Ron Grainer and realised with electronics by Delia Derbyshire of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. ... The Doctor Who theme music was created in 1963, composed by Ron Grainer and realised with electronics by Delia Derbyshire of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. ... Moonbase 3 was a British science-fiction television programme that ran for six 55-minute episodes in 1973. ... Dudley Simpson is a television composer who is best known for his work on Doctor Who. ... The Doctor Who theme music was created in 1963, composed by Ron Grainer and realised with electronics by Delia Derbyshire of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. ...

Selected other works

Radio dramas

This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... David Cain (born 1941) was a composer and technician for the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. ... Desmond Briscoe is a musician and studio manager. ... Peter Howell is a television composer who is best known for his work on Doctor Who. ... The Martian Chronicles is a 1950 science fiction book by Ray Bradbury that chronicles the colonization of Mars by refugee humans from a troubled Earth, and the conflict between aboriginal Martians and the new colonists. ... Malcolm Clarke (born 1943) was a British composer, and a member of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop for 25 years from 1969 to 1994. ...

Sound effects and music contributions

The Goon Show was a popular and influential British radio comedy programme, originally produced and broadcast by the BBC from 1951 to 1960 on the BBC Home Service. ... The Hobbit is a 1968 BBC Radio adaptation of J. R. R. Tolkiens 1937 childrens fantasy novel The Hobbit. ... David Cain (born 1941) was a composer and technician for the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. ... The terms Primary Phase and Secondary Phase describe the first two radio series of The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy. ... Paddy Kingsland is a composer of electronic music best known for his incidental music for science fiction series on BBC radio and TV, including two versions of The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy: the second radio series and the TV adaptation, as well as several serials of Doctor Who. ... Dick Mills (born 1936) is a British sound engineer and composer, specialising in electronic sound effects which he produced at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. ... The terms Primary Phase and Secondary Phase describe the first two radio series of The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy. ... In 1981 BBC Radio 4 broadcast a dramatisation of J. R. R. Tolkiens The Lord of the Rings in 26 half-hour stereo instalments. ... Elizabeth Parker is a British composer, who worked at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop for many years. ... The opening titles of Quatermass and the Pit. ... Desmond Briscoe is a musician and studio manager. ... Dick Mills (born 1936) is a British sound engineer and composer, specialising in electronic sound effects which he produced at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. ... Doctor Who is a long-running British science fiction television programme (and 1996 television movie) produced by the BBC about the adventures of a mysterious time-traveller known as the Doctor, who explores time and space with his companions, solving problems and righting wrongs. ... Brian Hodgson is a British television composer and sound technician. ... Dick Mills (born 1936) is a British sound engineer and composer, specialising in electronic sound effects which he produced at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. ... Blakes 7 was a British science fiction television series made by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) for their BBC 1 channel. ... Richard Yeoman-Clark is a British composer and sound engineer who worked at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop for a number of years. ... Elizabeth Parker is a British composer, who worked at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop for many years. ... Opening titles from the TV series, designed by Doug Burd The televised adaptation of The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy, broadcast in January and February of 1981 on BBC Two, became the fifth version. ... Paddy Kingsland is a composer of electronic music best known for his incidental music for science fiction series on BBC radio and TV, including two versions of The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy: the second radio series and the TV adaptation, as well as several serials of Doctor Who. ...

Doctor Who incidental music

The Doctor Who theme music was provided by the BBC Radiophonic Workshop from 1963 to 1985. From 1986 to the programme's demise the theme was provided by freelance composers. Between 1980 and 1985 the complete incidental scores for the programme were provided in-house by the Workshop. Below is a complete list of incidental music provided by the Radiophonic Workshop for the programme. Doctor Who is a long-running British science fiction television programme (and 1996 television movie) produced by the BBC about the adventures of a mysterious time-traveller known as the Doctor, who explores time and space with his companions, solving problems and righting wrongs. ... The Doctor Who theme music was created in 1963, composed by Ron Grainer and realised with electronics by Delia Derbyshire of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. ...

The Wheel in Space is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which originally aired in six weekly parts from April 27 to June 1, 1968. ... Brian Hodgson is a British television composer and sound technician. ... The Sea Devils is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in six weekly parts from February 26 to April 1, 1972. ... Malcolm Clarke (born 1943) was a British composer, and a member of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop for 25 years from 1969 to 1994. ... Revenge of the Cybermen is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly parts from April 19 to May 10, 1975. ... Peter Howell is a television composer who is best known for his work on Doctor Who. ... Carey Blyton (14 March 1932- 13 July 2002) was a British composer and writer best known for his song Bananas In Pyjamas which later became a Australian childrens television series, and for his work on Doctor Who. ... The Leisure Hive is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly parts from August 30 to September 20, 1980. ... Peter Howell is a television composer who is best known for his work on Doctor Who. ... Meglos is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly parts from September 27 to October 18, 1980. ... Paddy Kingsland is a composer of electronic music best known for his incidental music for science fiction series on BBC radio and TV, including two versions of The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy: the second radio series and the TV adaptation, as well as several serials of Doctor Who. ... Peter Howell is a television composer who is best known for his work on Doctor Who. ... Full Circle is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly parts from October 25 to November 15, 1980. ... Paddy Kingsland is a composer of electronic music best known for his incidental music for science fiction series on BBC radio and TV, including two versions of The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy: the second radio series and the TV adaptation, as well as several serials of Doctor Who. ... State of Decay (1980) is a four-part serial in the science fiction television series Doctor Who, starring Tom Baker as the Doctor and Lalla Ward and Matthew Waterhouse as the Doctors companions Romana and Adric respectively. ... Paddy Kingsland is a composer of electronic music best known for his incidental music for science fiction series on BBC radio and TV, including two versions of The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy: the second radio series and the TV adaptation, as well as several serials of Doctor Who. ... Warriors Gate is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly parts from January 3 to January 24, 1981. ... Peter Howell is a television composer who is best known for his work on Doctor Who. ... The Keeper of Traken is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly parts from January 31 to February 21, 1981. ... Roger Limb is a British composer, specialising in electronic music. ... Logopolis is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly parts from February 28 to March 21, 1981. ... Paddy Kingsland is a composer of electronic music best known for his incidental music for science fiction series on BBC radio and TV, including two versions of The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy: the second radio series and the TV adaptation, as well as several serials of Doctor Who. ... Peter Howell is a television composer who is best known for his work on Doctor Who. ... Sarah Jane Smith (Elisabeth Sladen) and K-9. ... Castrovalva is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four twice-weekly parts from January 4 to January 12, 1982 It was the first full serial to feature Peter Davison in the starring role. ... Paddy Kingsland is a composer of electronic music best known for his incidental music for science fiction series on BBC radio and TV, including two versions of The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy: the second radio series and the TV adaptation, as well as several serials of Doctor Who. ... Four to Doomsay is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four twice-weekly parts from January 18 to January 26, 1982. ... Roger Limb is a British composer, specialising in electronic music. ... Kinda is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four twice-weekly parts from February 1 to February 9, 1982. ... Peter Howell is a television composer who is best known for his work on Doctor Who. ... The Visitation is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly parts from February 15 to February 23, 1982. ... Paddy Kingsland is a composer of electronic music best known for his incidental music for science fiction series on BBC radio and TV, including two versions of The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy: the second radio series and the TV adaptation, as well as several serials of Doctor Who. ... Black Orchid is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in two parts on March 1 and March 2, 1982. ... Roger Limb is a British composer, specialising in electronic music. ... Earthshock is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four twice-weekly parts from March 8 to March 16, 1982. ... Malcolm Clarke (born 1943) was a British composer, and a member of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop for 25 years from 1969 to 1994. ... Time-Flight is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four twice-weekly parts from March 22 to March 30, 1982. ... Roger Limb is a British composer, specialising in electronic music. ... Arc of Infinity is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four twice-weekly parts from January 3 to January 12, 1983. ... Roger Limb is a British composer, specialising in electronic music. ... Snakedance is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four twice-weekly parts from January 18 to January 26, 1983. ... Peter Howell is a television composer who is best known for his work on Doctor Who. ... Terminus is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was originally broadcast in four twice-weekly parts from February 15 to February 23, 1983. ... Roger Limb is a British composer, specialising in electronic music. ... Enlightenment is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was originally broadcast in four twice-weekly parts from March 1 to March 9, 1983. ... Malcolm Clarke (born 1943) was a British composer, and a member of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop for 25 years from 1969 to 1994. ... The Kings Demons is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was originally broadcast in two parts on March 15 and March 16, 1983. ... Peter Howell is a television composer who is best known for his work on Doctor Who. ... Jonathan Gibbs is a British composer. ... The Five Doctors was a special movie-length episode of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, produced in celebration of the programmes twentieth anniversary. ... Peter Howell is a television composer who is best known for his work on Doctor Who. ... Warriors of the Deep is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was originally broadcast in four twice-weekly parts from January 5 to January 13, 1984. ... Jonathan Gibbs is a British composer. ... The Awakening is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was originally broadcast in two parts on January 19 and January 20, 1984. ... Peter Howell is a television composer who is best known for his work on Doctor Who. ... Resurrection of the Daleks is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in two weekly parts from February 8 to February 15, 1984. ... Malcolm Clarke (born 1943) was a British composer, and a member of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop for 25 years from 1969 to 1994. ... Planet of Fire is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four twice-weekly parts from February 23 to March 2, 1981. ... Peter Howell is a television composer who is best known for his work on Doctor Who. ... The Caves of Androzani is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four twice-weekly parts from March 8 to March 16, 1984. ... Roger Limb is a British composer, specialising in electronic music. ... The Twin Dilemma is is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four twice-weekly parts from March 22 to March 30, 1984, the first to star Colin Baker in the title role. ... Malcolm Clarke (born 1943) was a British composer, and a member of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop for 25 years from 1969 to 1994. ... Attack of the Cybermen is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in two weekly parts from January 5 - January 12, 1985. ... Malcolm Clarke (born 1943) was a British composer, and a member of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop for 25 years from 1969 to 1994. ... Vengeance on Varos is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in two weekly parts from January 19 to January 26, 1985. ... Jonathan Gibbs is a British composer. ... The Mark of the Rani is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in two weekly parts from February 2 to February 9, 1985. ... Jonathan Gibbs is a British composer. ... The Two Doctors is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in three weekly parts from February 16 to March 2, 1985. ... Peter Howell is a television composer who is best known for his work on Doctor Who. ... Timelash is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in two weekly parts from March 9 to March 16, 1985. ... Elizabeth Parker is a British composer, who worked at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop for many years. ... Revelation of the Daleks is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in two weekly parts from March 23 to March 30, 1985. ... Roger Limb is a British composer, specialising in electronic music. ... Terror of the Vervoids is the title commonly used for a 4 episode Doctor Who story. ... Malcolm Clarke (born 1943) was a British composer, and a member of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop for 25 years from 1969 to 1994. ...

Programmes about Radiophonic Workshop

Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban, KC (22 January 1561 â€“ 9 April 1626) was an English philosopher, statesman and essayist but is best known as a leader of the scientific revolution. ... Francis Bacons book The New Atlantis, written in 1626, depicts a mythical land, Bensalem, to which he sailed. ...

External links

PDF is an abbreviation with several meanings: Portable Document Format Post-doctoral fellowship Probability density function There also is an electronic design automation company named PDF Solutions. ...

Contents

History

Creation

Early Days

Doctor Who

Changes

Latter Days

Legacy

Techniques

Members of the Radiophonic Workshop

Discography

Albums

Singles

Selected other works

Radio dramas

Sound effects and music contributions

Doctor Who incidental music

Programmes about Radiophonic Workshop

External links

See also

Contents

History GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Creation

Early Days

Doctor Who

Changes

Latter Days

Legacy

Techniques

Members of the Radiophonic Workshop

Discography

Albums

Singles

Selected other works

Radio dramas

Sound effects and music contributions

Doctor Who incidental music

Programmes about Radiophonic Workshop

External links

See also

History