BBN Technologies (originally Bolt Beranek and Newman) is a high-technology company that provides research and development services. BBN is based next to Fresh Pond in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. It is perhaps best-known for its work in the development of packet switching (including the ARPANET and the Internet), but it is also a defense contractor, primarily for DARPA. General plan for Fresh Pond Park, Cambridge, Massachusetts, by the Olmsted Brothers landscape design firm, 1897. ...   Settled: 1630 â€“ Incorporated: 1636 Zip Code(s): 02138, 02139, 02140, 02141, 02142 â€“ Area Code(s): 617 / 857 Official website: http://www. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... In computer networking and telecommunications, packet switching is a communications paradigm in which packets (messages or fragments of messages) are individually routed between nodes, with no previously established communication path. ... ARPANET logical map, March 1977. ... A defense contractor (sometimes called a military contractor) is a business organization or individual that provides products or services to a defense department of a government. ... The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is an agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of new technology for use by the military. ...

1948 foundation

Founded in 1948, by Leo Beranek and Richard Bolt, professors at MIT, with Bolt's former student Robert Newman, Bolt, Beranek and Newman started life as an acoustical consulting company. Their first contract was consultation for the design of the acoustics of the United Nations Assembly Hall in New York. Subsequent commissions included MIT's Kresge Auditorium (1954), Tanglewood's Koussevitzky Music Shed (1959), and Lincoln Center's Avery Fisher Hall (1962). They have examined the Richard Nixon tape with the 18 minutes erased during the Watergate scandal and the Dictabelt evidence that was purportedly a recording of the JFK assassination. 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... Leo Leroy Beranek (born 1914) is an acoustics expert, former MIT professor and one of the founders and former president of Bolt, Beranek and Newman (now BBN Technologies). ... Richard Henry Bolt, better known as Richard Bolt or Dick Bolt was a physics professor at MIT with an interest in acoustics. ... The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private, coeducational research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. ... Acoustics is a branch of physics and is the study of sound (mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids). ... Kresge Auditorium from rear, looking toward I. M. Peis Green Building. ... Tanglewood Music Shed and lawn. ... The Metropolitan Opera House at Lincoln Center. ... , Avery Fisher Hall in Lincoln Center. ... Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... John F. Kennedy This article examines the dictabelt evidence relating to the assassination of John F. Kennedy. ... John F. Kennedy The assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy, the thirty-fifth President of the United States, took place on Friday, November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas, USA at 12:30 PM Central Standard Time (18:30 UTC). ...

In 1989, BBN's acoustical consulting business was spun off into a new corporation, Acentech Inc., also based in Cambridge.

Work in acoustics then required substantial calculations that led to an interest and later business opportunities in computing. BBN was a pioneer in developing computer models of roadway and aircraft noise and in designing Noise barriers near highways. Some of this technology was used in landmark legal struggles where BBN scientists were expert witnesses. BBN bought a number of computers in the late 1950s and early 1960s, notably the first production PDP-1 from Digital Equipment Corporation. Aircraft noise is defined as sound produced by any aircraft on run-up, taxiing, take off, over flying or landing. ... Noise barrier earth berm along Highway 12, Sonoma County, California A noise barrier is an exterior structure, normally made of masonry or earth, designed to protect sensitive land uses from noise pollution. ... The PDP-1 (Programmed Data Processor-1) was the first computer in Digital Equipments PDP series and was first produced in 1960. ... The DEC logo Digital Equipment Corporation was a pioneering American company in the computer industry. ...

The 1990s and computer technologies

BBN was acquired by GTE in 1998. When GTE and Bell Atlantic merged to become Verizon, in 2000, the ISP portion of BBN was included in assets spun off as Genuity. In March of 2004, Verizon sold BBN to a group of private investors, and as of 2006 BBN is a privately held company. General Telephone and Electronics (GTE) was the largest of the independent US telephone companies during the days of the Bell System. ... Categories: Corporation stubs | Communications companies of the United States | Defunct companies | Telephone companies | Public Utilities ... This article or section should include material from Bell Atlantic This article or section should include material from GTE Verizon Communications (NYSE: VZ) is a local exchange telephone company formed by the merger of Bell Atlantic, a former Bell Operating Company, and GTE, which was the largest independant local exchange... “ISP” redirects here. ...

Some of BBN's developments of note in the field of computer networks are the implementation and operation of the ARPANET; the first person-to-person network email sent and the invention of the @ sign in an email address; the first Internet protocol router; the Voice Funnel, an early predecessor of voice over IP; and work on the development of TCP. Other well-known BBN computer-related innovations include the first time-sharing system, the LOGO programming language, the TENEX operating system, the Colossal Cave Adventure (ADVENT) game, the first link-state routing protocol, and a series of mobile ad-hoc networks starting in the 1970s. BBN also is well-known for its parallel computing systems, including the Pluribus, and the BBN Butterfly computers, which have been used for such tasks as warfare simulation for the U.S. Navy. This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Electronic mail, abbreviated e-mail or email, is a method of composing, sending, and receiving messages over electronic communication systems. ... Look up @ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary A commercial at, @, also called an at symbol, an at sign, or just at, is a symbolic abbreviation for the word at. ... The Internet Protocol (IP) is a data-oriented protocol used for communicating data across a packet-switched internetwork. ... This article is about a computer networking device. ... The Voice Funnel was an experimental high-speed interface between digitized speech streams and a packet-switching communications network, built 1979-1981. ... It has been suggested that Internet phone be merged into this article or section. ... The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite, often simply referred to as TCP/IP. Using TCP, applications on networked hosts can create connections to one another, over which they can exchange streams of data using Stream Sockets. ... Alternate uses: see Timesharing Time-sharing is an approach to interactive computing in which a single computer is used to provide apparently simultaneous interactive general-purpose computing to multiple users by sharing processor time. ... Logo turtle graphic The Logo programming language is a functional programming language. ... The TOPS-20 operating system by DEC - the second proprietary OS for the PDP-10 - preferred by most PDP-10 hackers over TOPS-10 (that is, by those who were not ITS or WAITS partisans). ... Colossal Cave Adventure (also known as ADVENT, Colossal Cave, or Adventure) (Crowther & Woods, 1976) was the first computer adventure game. ... A link-state routing protocol is one of the two main classes of routing protocols used in packet-switched networks for computer communications. ... A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a kind of wireless ad-hoc network, and is a self-configuring network of mobile routers (and associated hosts) connected by wireless links—the union of which form an arbitrary topology. ... Parallel computing is the simultaneous execution of the same task (split up and specially adapted) on multiple processors in order to obtain results faster. ... The Pluribus multiprocessor was an early multi-processor computer designed by BBN for use as a packet switch in the ARPANET. Its design later influenced the BBN Butterfly computers. ... The BBN Butterfly was a massively parallel computer from the 1980s based on an earlier Pluribus design. ... The United States Navy, also known as the USN or the U.S. Navy, is a branch of the United States armed forces responsible for conducting naval operations. ...

A number of well-known computer luminaries have worked full- or part-time at BBN, including Jerry Burchfiel, William Crowther, John Curran, Wally Feurzeig, Ed Fredkin, Bob Kahn, J. C. R. Licklider, John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Seymour Papert, Oliver Selfridge, and Ray Tomlinson. Jerry Burchfiel is a Vice President for Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN) active in the early design of the TCP/IP protocol suite. ... William (Willie or Will) Crowther is a computer programmer and caver. ... John Curran is the Chairman of ARIN and Chief Technical Officer of ServerVault, as well as former Chief Technical Officer of XO Communications and Chief Technical Officer of BBN Category: ... Wally Feurzeig is an inventor of the LOGO programming language, and a well-known researcher in Artificial Intelligence. ... Edward Fredkin was an early pioneer of digital physics (in recent work he uses the term digital philosophy (DP)). His main contributions include his work on reversible computing and cellular automata. ... Robert E. Kahn, (born December 23, 1938), along with Vinton G. Cerf, invented the TCP/IP protocol, the technology used to transmit information on the modern Internet. ... J. C. R. Licklider Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider (March 11, 1915 â€“ June 26, 1990), known simply as J.C.R. or Lick was an American computer scientist, considered one of the most important figures in computer science and general computing history. ... John McCarthy (born September 4, 1927, in Boston, Massachusetts, sometimes known affectionately as Uncle John McCarthy), is a prominent computer scientist who received the Turing Award in 1971 for his major contributions to the field of Artificial Intelligence. ... Marvin Lee Minsky (born August 9, 1927), sometimes affectionately known as Old Man Minsky, is an American cognitive scientist in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), co-founder of MITs AI laboratory, and author of several texts on AI and philosophy. ... Seymour Papert Seymour Papert (born March 1, 1928 Pretoria, South Africa) is an MIT mathematician, computer scientist, and prominent educator. ... Oliver Selfridge, grandson of the founder of Selfridges department stores, has been called the Father of Machine Perception. ... Raymond Samuel Tomlinson (born 1941) is a programmer who implemented an email system in 1971. ...

BBN currently is leading a wide range of R&D projects, including the standardization effort for Internet security architecture (IPsec), the networking technology in the JTRS communication system, mobile ad-hoc networks, advanced speech recognition and quantum cryptography. IPsec (IP security) is a suite of protocols for securing Internet Protocol (IP) communications by encrypting and/or authenticating each IP packet in a data stream. ... The Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) is planned as the next-generation radio for use by the U.S. military in field operations for the second decade of the 21st century. ... Speech recognition (in many contexts also known as automatic speech recognition, computer speech recognition or erroneously as Voice Recognition) is the process of converting a speech signal to a sequence of words, by means of an algorithm implemented as a computer program. ... Quantum cryptography is an approach based on quantum physics for secure communications. ...

See also

• DARWARS, a military simulation game developed with DARPA since 2003

DARWARS is a research project intended to accelerate the development and deployment of military training systems. ... USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63) kicks off Exercise Valiant Shield, the largest war games of the United States Navy since the Vietnam War. ...

External links

• BBN Technologies
  • Timeline
• quantum.bbn.com
• Acentech Inc.