NationMaster - Encyclopedia: BP plc

BP plc (LSE: BP, NYSE: BP, TYO: 5051 ), originally British Petroleum, is a British energy company with headquarters in London, one of six vertically integrated private sector oil, natural gas, and petrol (gasoline) "supermajors" in the world. Image File history File links BP_Logo. ... A public company is a company owned by the public rather than by relatively few individuals. ... The Source by Greyworld, in the new LSE building Paternoster Square. ... New York Stock Exchange (June 2003) The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is one of the largest stock exchanges in the world. ... 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Following the discovery of a large oil field in Masjet Soleiman, in Iran, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) was founded in 1909. ... 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... London (pronounced ) is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. ... Donald Alexander Smith Donald Alexander Smith (August 6, 1820 â€“ January 21, 1914) was a Scottish born Canadian fur trader, financier, railroad baron and politician. ... For other notable people called John Browne, see John Browne (disambiguation). ... Byron E. Grote (born 1948 or 1949) is currently the chief financial officer of BP. He has been with the company since 1987 following their aquisition of Standard Oil of Ohio where he had worked since 1979. ... The Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of a company is the corporate officer primarily responsible for managing the financial risks of a business. ... This is a list of petroleum companies. ... Alternative fuel, also known as non-conventional fuels, is any material or substance that can be used as a fuel, other than fossil fuels, or conventional fuels of petroleum (oil), coal, propane, and natural gas. ... Castrol is a brand of industrial and automotive lubricants which is applied to a large range of oil products for most lubrication applications. ... An ARCO gas station in Los Angeles ARCO (an acronym for Atlantic Richfield Company) is an American oil company that was formed by the merger of East Coast-based Atlantic Refining and California-based Richfield Petroleum in 1966. ... ampm is a convenience store chain with branches located in Arizona, California, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, and Japan. ... The Aral corporate logo Aral is a brand of automobile fuels and gas stations, present in Germany, Luxembourg and the Czech Republic. ... Revenue is a U.S. business term for the amount of money that a company earns from its activities in a given period, mostly from sales of products and/or services to customers. ... Image File history File links Green_Arrow_Up. ... ISO 4217 Code USD User(s) the United States, the British Virgin Islands, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Panama, Turks and Caicos Islands, and the insular areas of the United States Inflation 3. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Net income is equal to the income that a firm has after subtracting costs and expenses from the total revenue. ... Image File history File links Green_Arrow_Up. ... ISO 4217 Code USD User(s) the United States, the British Virgin Islands, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Panama, Turks and Caicos Islands, and the insular areas of the United States Inflation 3. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Employment is a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Look up Slogan in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This page as shown in the AOL 9. ... The Source by Greyworld, in the new LSE building Paternoster Square. ... The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), nicknamed the Big Board, is a New York City-based stock exchange. ... The Tokyo Stock Exchange ), or TSE, is one of the largest stock exchange markets in the world by monetary volume located in Tokyo, Japan, second only to the New York Stock Exchange. ... London (pronounced ) is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. ... It has been suggested that Vertical expansion be merged into this article or section. ... The private sector of a nations economy consists of those entities which are not controlled by the state - i. ... Pumpjack pumping an oil well near Sarnia, Ontario Ignacy Åukasiewicz - inventor of the refining of kerosene from crude oil. ... Natural gas is a gaseous fossil fuel consisting primarily of methane. ... Gasoline, as it is known in North America, or petrol, in many Commonwealth countries (sometimes also called motor spirit) is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture consisting primarily of hydrocarbons, used as fuel in internal combustion engines. ... The term supermajor generally refers to one of the big six vertically integrated, private sector, oil, natural gas, and petroleum product marketing companies formed through mergers and acquisitions and organic growth over the last hundred years or so. ...

Company history

In August 1998, British Petroleum merged with the Amoco Corporation (Amoco), forming "BP Amoco." This move was widely viewed as a takeover of Amoco by BP and considered officially described as a merger for only legal reasons ^{[citation needed]}(after a single year of joint operations, "Amoco" was dropped from the corporate name). The newly-renamed "bp" became an initialism no longer overtly standing for "British Petroleum". At the same time BP used the punning tagline "Beyond Petroleum" in some advertising campaigns. The step away from "British Petroleum" was in part a reflection of the fact that BP had become a global business and also that the direct identification of the company as British could be a disadvantage in some areas of operation. Amoco Oil Corporation was founded in 1889 by John Rockefeller and first incorporated as Standard Oil of Indiana, formed from the breakup of gasoline giant Standard Oil. ... A takeover in business refers to one company (the acquirer, or bidder) purchasing another (the target). ... The phrase mergers and acquisitions or M&A refers to the aspect of corporate finance strategy and management dealing with the merging and acquiring of different companies as well as assets. ... Acronyms and initialisms are abbreviations formed from the initial letter or letters of words, such as NATO and XHTML, and are pronounced in a way that is distinct from the full pronunciation of what the letters stand for. ... It has been suggested that dajare be merged into this article or section. ...

In the 2006 Fortune Global 500 list of companies, BP was ranked 4th in the world for turnover with sales at $268 billion (down from 2nd in 2005 and 1st among oil companies), in the 2006 Forbes Global 2000 it was ranked the eighth-largest company in the world. BP's profits in 2005 amounted to $22.341 billion with replacement cost profit after interest, tax and minority shareholders' interest taken into account of $19.3 billion^[1]. The Fortune Global 500 is a ranking of the top 500 corporations as measured by revenue. ... Revenue is a U.S. business term for the amount of money that a company earns from its activities in a given period, mostly from sales of products and/or services to customers. ... The Forbes Global 2000 is an annual ranking of the top 2000 corporations in the world by Forbes magazine. ...

BP Solar is the world-leading producer of solar panels through a series of acquisitions in the solar power industry. Recently, BP announced that its solar, wind and hydrogen power businesses would be known as BP Alternative Energy. A photovoltaic (PV) module that is composed of multiple PV cells. ...

BP is the leading partner in the controversial Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline. The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline (sometimes abbreviated as BTC pipeline) transports crude oil 1,776 km from the Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli oil field in the Caspian Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. ...

History

1909 - 1955

In May 1901, William Knox D'Arcy was granted a concession by the Shah of Iran to search for oil which he found in May 1908. This was the first commercially significant find in the Middle East. On 14 April 1909, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company was incorporated to exploit this find. The company grew slowly until World War I when its strategic importance led the British Government to acquire controlling interest in the company and it became the Royal Navy's chief source of fuel oil during World War I. The entrepreneur William Knox DArcy (October 11, 1849 - May 1, 1917) was one of the main founders of the oil and petrochemical industry in Persia (Iran). ... One of the worlds longest-lasting monarchies, the Iranian monarchy went through many transformations over the centuries, from the days of Persia to the creation of what is now modern day Iran. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... April 14 is the 104th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (105th in leap years). ... Following the discovery of a large oil field in Masjet Soleiman, in Iran, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) was founded in 1909. ... Combatants Allied Powers: British Empire France Italy Russia United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman Empire Commanders Ferdinand Foch Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Wilhelm II Paul... WWI may be an acronym for: World War I World Wrestling Industry This is a disambiguation page â€” a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

In 1917, the war allowed it to take the British arm of the German Europäische Union, which used the trade name British Petroleum. After the war ended, the company, in which the British Government now had a 51% interest, moved to secure outlets in Europe and elsewhere. However, its main concern was still Persia, following the Anglo-Persian Agreement of 1919 the company continued to trade profitably in that country.

In 1931, partly in response to the difficult economic conditions of the times, BP merged their marketing operations in the United Kingdom with those of Shell-Mex Ltd to create Shell-Mex and BP Ltd a company that continued to trade until the Shell and BP brands separated again in 1975. This Page is under construction. ... Royal Dutch Shell PLC is a multinational oil company of Anglo Dutch origins, which is amongst the largest energy corporations in the world, and one of the six supermajors (vertically integrated private-sector oil exploration, natural gas, and petroleum product marketing companies). ...

There was growing dissent within Persia however at the imperialist and unfair position that APOC occupied. In 1932, the Shah terminated the APOC concession. The concession was resettled within a year, covering a reduced area with an increase in the Persian government's share of profits. Persia was renamed Iran in 1936 and APOC became AIOC, the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company.

Following the turmoil of World War II, AIOC and the Iranian government resisted nationalist pressure to come to a renewed deal in 1949. In March 1951, the pro-western Prime Minister Ali Razmara was assassinated and in April, a bill was passed nationalising the oil industry and the AIOC and the Shah were forced to leave the country. Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead... Major General Razmara // Biography Sepahbod Haj Ali Razmara (1901 â€“ March 7, 1951) was a military leader and Prime Minister of Iran. ...

The AIOC took its case against the nationalisation to the International Court of Justice at The Hague, but lost the case. However the government of Britain, concerned about its interests in Iran, convinced the US that Iran was slowly coming under Soviet influence. This was the perfect strategy for the British since the US was in the middle of the Cold War. The British convinced the US to join them in overthrowing the democratically chosen Prime Minister, Mohammed Mossadeq, and to install pro-Western General Fazlollah Zahedi as prime minister of Iran. This overthrow was named Operation Ajax. Mohammed Mossadegh thought that nationalization was the only way to prevent British exploitation of Iran's oil wealth. The International Court of Justice (known colloquially as the World Court or ICJ; French: ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. ... Arms of The Hague Flag of The city of The Hague. ... For other uses, please see Cold War (disambiguation). ... Mohammed Mossadegh (Persian: محمد مصدق‎) (May 19, 1882 - March 4, 1967) was prime minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953. ... Muhammad Fazlollah Zahedi (1897-1963) was an Iranian general and politician. ... Soldiers surround the Parliament building in Tehran on August 19, 1953. ...

On August 19, 1953, the incumbent democratic Prime Minister, Mohammed Mossadeq, was forced from office and replaced by Zahedi and the Shah was recalled. The AIOC became The British Petroleum Company in 1954, and briefly resumed operations in Iran with a forty per cent share in a new international consortium. BP continued to operate in Iran until the Islamic Revolution. However, due to a large investment programme (funded by the World Bank) outside Iran, the company survived the loss of its Iranian interests at that time. August 19 is the 231st day of the year (232nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Mohammed Mossadegh (Persian: محمد مصدق‎) (May 19, 1882 - March 4, 1967) was prime minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953. ... 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Iran is one of the worlds oldest continuous major civilizations. ...

1960s and 1970s

From the late 1960s the company looked beyond the Middle East to the USA (Prudhoe Bay, Alaska) and the North Sea. Both of these fields came on stream in the mid-1970s transforming the company and allowing BP to weather the OPEC-induced oil price shocks of 1973 and 1979. In 1969, BP acquired the Valdez oil terminal, Alaska, from the Chugach for $1. Some natives contend that this was an illegal transfer. This is a copyrighted and/or trademarked logo. ... Prudhoe Bay is a census-designated place located in North Slope Borough, Alaska. ... Official language(s) English Capital Juneau Largest city Anchorage Area Ranked 1st - Total 663,267 sq mi (1,717,855 kmÂ²) - Width 808 miles (1,300 km) - Length 1,479 miles (2,380 km) - % water 13. ... The North Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, located between the coasts of Norway and Denmark in the east, the coast of the British Isles in the west, and the German, Dutch, Belgian and French coasts in the south. ... Logo The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is an international organization made up of Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. ... An Energy Crisis is any great shortfall (or price rise) in the supply of energy to an economy. ... The Valdez Oil Terminal is an oil port in Valdez, Alaska, at the southern end of the Alaska Pipeline. ... Official language(s) English Capital Juneau Largest city Anchorage Area Ranked 1st - Total 663,267 sq mi (1,717,855 kmÂ²) - Width 808 miles (1,300 km) - Length 1,479 miles (2,380 km) - % water 13. ... Chugach (pronounced CHOO-gatch) is the name of a native Alaskan culture and group of people in the region of the Kenai Peninsula and Prince William Sound. ... ISO 4217 Code USD User(s) the United States, the British Virgin Islands, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Panama, Turks and Caicos Islands, and the insular areas of the United States Inflation 3. ...

In the mid-1970s, BP acquired Standard Oil of Ohio or Sohio. Standard Oil of Ohio or Sohio was an American oil company that was acquired by British Petroleum, now part of BP. It was one of the successor companies to Standard Oil after the antitrust breakup in 1911. ...

1980s and 1990s

P.I. Walters (later Sir Peter Walters) was BP's chairman from 1981 to 1990. Walters promoted a movement to deintegrate company operations based solely upon economic considerations: "For me, there is no strategy that is divorced from profitability," he once remarked. Under his chairmanship British Petroleum led the oil industry away from an era dominated by vertical integration and the supply planning this required toward a corporate culture that emphasised trading and decentralisation (Daniel Yergin, The Prize [Simon & Schuster, 1991], pp. 722-23). Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1778x1181, 293 KB)Taken from http://www. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1778x1181, 293 KB)Taken from http://www. ... Profit, from Latin meaning to make progress, is defined in two different ways. ... The Oil industry brings to market what is currently considered the lifeblood of nearly all other industry, if not industrialized civilization itself. ... It has been suggested that Vertical expansion be merged into this article or section. ... Organizational Culture refers to the values, beliefs and customs of an organization. ... Daniel H. Yergin (born February 6, 1947) is an American author and economic researcher. ... The Prize (1991; ISBN 0671502484) is Daniel Yergins 800-page history of the global oil industry from the 1850s through 1990. ...

In 1987, British Petroleum acquired Britoil and those shares of Standard Oil of Ohio (Sohio) not already owned. In 1994, BP and Petroleos de Venezuela SA (PDVSA) began marketing Orimulsion®, a bitumen-based fuel. Lord Browne of Madingley, who had been on the board as managing director since 1991, was appointed group chief executive in 1995. Britoil was a recently privatised British Oil company. ... Standard Oil of Ohio or Sohio was an American oil company that was acquired by British Petroleum, now part of BP. It was one of the successor companies to Standard Oil after the antitrust breakup in 1911. ... Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PdVSA) is the Venezuelan nationally owned petroleum company. ... Orimulsion® is a registered trademark name for a bitumen-based fuel that was developed for industrial use by Petroleos de Venezuela SA (PDVSA, following earlier collaboration on oil emulsions withBritish Petroleum (BP). ... Bitumen Bitumen is a category of organic liquids that are highly viscous, black, sticky and wholly soluble in carbon disulfide, mostly made up of highly condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ... For other notable people called John Browne, see John Browne (disambiguation). ...

Present

British Petroleum merged with Amoco (Formerly Standard Oil of Indiana), in December 1998, becoming BPAmoco until 2002, when it was renamed BP and adopted the tagline "Beyond Petroleum," which remains in use today. It states that BP was never meant to be an abbreviation of its tagline. Most Amoco gas stations in the United States have changed the look and name to BP. In some states, however, BP is selling Amoco-branded gasoline, as it was rated the #1 petroleum brand by consumers numerous years in a row (the name of the station itself is still BP) and Amoco has one of the highest brand loyalty for gasoline in the US with only Chevron and Shell having such high rates as BP/Amoco. In 2000, British Petroleum acquired Arco (Atlantic Richfield Co.) and Burmah Castrol plc. Download high resolution version (1760x1168, 439 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1760x1168, 439 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Amoco Oil Corporation was founded in 1889 by John Rockefeller and first incorporated as Standard Oil of Indiana, formed from the breakup of gasoline giant Standard Oil. ... Modern gas station A filling station, gas station or petrol station is a facility that sells fuel for road motor vehicles – usually petrol (US: gas/gasoline), diesel fuel and LPG. The term gas station is mostly particular to the United States of America and Canada, where petrol is known... Chevron Corporation (NYSE: CVX) is one of the worlds largest global energy companies. ... A Shell petrol station sign in the UK The Royal Dutch/Shell Group of Companies (called Shell Oil in North America), has its headquarters split between the Shell Centre in London, United Kingdom and The Hague, Netherlands. ... An ARCO gas station in Los Angeles ARCO (an acronym for Atlantic Richfield Company) is an American oil company that was formed by the merger of East Coast-based Atlantic Refining and California-based Richfield Petroleum in 1966. ... Castrol is a brand of industrial and automotive lubricants which is applied to a large range of oil products for most lubrication applications. ...

In April of 2004, BP decided to move most of its petrochemical businesses into a separate entity called Innovene within the BP Group. Their intention was to sell the new company possibly via an Initial Public Offering (IPO) in the US, and in fact they filed their IPO plans for Innovene with the New York Stock Exchange on September 12, 2005. However, on October 7, 2005, BP announced that they had agreed to sell Innovene to INEOS, a privately held UK chemical company for the sum of $9 billion, thereby scrapping their plans for the IPO. Image File history File links BP_Brands. ... Image File history File links BP_Brands. ... An initial public offering (IPO) is the first sale of a corporations common shares to public investors. ... The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), nicknamed the Big Board, is a New York City-based stock exchange. ... Portal:Currentevents September 12 is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... October 7 is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Ineos is a privately owned British chemicals company. ...

On March 23, 2005, an explosion occurred at a petroleum refinery in Texas City, Texas, that belonged to BP. It is the third largest refinery in the United States and one of the largest in the world, processing 433,000 barrels of crude oil per day and accounting for 3% of that nation's gasoline supply. Over 100 were injured, and 15 were confirmed dead, including employees of the Fluor Corporation as well as BP. BP has since accepted that its employees contributed to the accident. Level indicators failed, leading to overfilling of a heater, and light hydrocarbons spread throughout the area. An unidentified ignition source set off the explosion. [1] March 23 is the 82nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (83rd in Leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Texas City is a city located in Galveston County in the U.S. state of Texas within the Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown metropolitan area. ... Official language(s) None See: Languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Area Ranked 2nd - Total 268,581 sq mi (695,622 kmÂ²) - Width 773 miles (1,244 km) - Length 790 miles (1,270 km) - % water 2. ... Fluor Corporation NYSE: FLR,is one of the worlds largest publicly owned engineering, procurement, construction, and maintenance services organizations. ...

BP America, the United States arm of BP, was named one of the 100 Best Companies for Working Mothers in 2004 by Working Mothers magazine.

According to some Private BP branded Gasoline center Operators in the Metro Atlanta area, BP plans to leave the Southern Market in the next few years. All Corporate owned BP stations, typically known as "BP Connect" will be sold to local jobbers.^{[citation needed]} A jobber is a person or company that purchases quantities of refined fuel from refining companies (e. ...

In March of 2006, one of BP's pipelines in the North Slope of Alaska ruptured, causing a major environmental hazard. [2]

BP has recently started to move its oil exploration activities away from the North Sea and Alaska and is looking into the former Soviet Union for its future reserves.^[2] On July 19, 2006, BP announced that it would close the last 12 out of 57 oil wells in Alaska, mostly in Prudhoe Bay, that had been leaking. The wells were leaking insulating agent called arctic pack, consisting of crude oil and diesel fuel, between the wells and ice.^[3] Prudhoe Bay is a census-designated place located in North Slope Borough, Alaska. ... Pumpjack pumping an oil well near Sarnia, Ontario Petroleum (from Greek petra â€“ rock and elaion â€“ oil or Latin oleum â€“ oil ) or crude oil is a thick, dark brown or greenish liquid. ... This article is about the fuel. ...

Prudhoe Bay shutdown

As of August 7, 2006, BP has begun to shutdown oil operations in Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. This is due to "unexpectedly severe corrosion" in transit pipelines on the Prudhoe Bay oil field. Prudhoe Bay produces only about 2.6% of the United States demand for gasoline. It was initially estimated that the shutdown would cause a reduction of 400,000 barrels per day and reaction to that scenario was a contributing factor pushing the price of oil to over $77(USD) per barrel.^[4]To, date 1,513 barrels of liquids, about 5,200 cubic yards of soiled snow and 328 yards of soiled gravel have been recovered. There are estimates that about 5,000 barrels of oil were released from the pipeline. After further analysis and approval from the DOT, only the eastern portion of the field was shut down which resulted in a reduction of 200,000 barrels per day until work began to bring the eastern field to full production on Oct 2.^[5] August 7 is the 219th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (220th in leap years), with 146 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Prudhoe Bay is a census-designated place located in North Slope Borough, Alaska. ...

Image

In 2002 the company was renamed BP, with no meaning given to the letters. Its new slogan, "Beyond Petroleum", was accompanied by the rebranding of its famous "Green Shield" logo in favour of the helios symbol (a green and yellow sunburst) to emphasise the company's focus on environmentally friendly fuels and alternative energy. This is intended to move BP away from the negative environmental image of most oil companies. However, some environmental groups have accused BP of trying to greenwash their public image, and that their alternative energy credentials are not serious investments but merely a PR exercise. solar panel by BP solar at a german autobahn bridge. ... solar panel by BP solar at a german autobahn bridge. ... A photovoltaic (PV) module that is composed of multiple PV cells. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Helios in his chariot In Greek mythology the sun was personified as Helios or Helius (Greek á¼Î»Î¹Î¿Ï‚ / á¼¥Î»Î¹Î¿Ï‚). Homer often calls him Titan and Hyperion. ... Future energy development face great challenges due to an increasing world population, demands for higher standards of living, demands for less pollution and a much discussed end to fossil fuels. ... Greenwash (a portmanteau of green and whitewash) is a term that environmentalists and other critics give to the activity of giving a positive public image to putatively environmentally unsound practices. ... Public relations (PR) is the art of managing communication between an organisation and its key publics to build, manage and sustain a positive image. ...

BP is a leading producer of solar panels since its purchase of Lucas Energy Systems in 1980 and Solarex (as part of its acquisition of Amoco) in 2000. BP Solar had a 20% world market share in photovoltaic panels in 2004 when it had a capacity to produce 90 MW/year of panels. It has over 30 years experience operating in over 160 countries with manufacturing facilities in the U.S., Spain, India and Australia and has more than 2000 employees worldwide. A photovoltaic (PV) module that is composed of multiple PV cells. ... For other uses, see United States (disambiguation) and US (disambiguation). ...

In February 2002 BP's chief executive, Lord Browne of Madingley, renounced the practice of corporate campaign contributions, noting: "That's why we've decided, as a global policy, that from now on we will make no political contributions from corporate funds anywhere in the world." [3] Chief Executive may refer to: Chief Executive of Hong Kong Chief Executive of Macau Chief Executive Officer This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

In March 2002 Lord Browne of Madingley declared in a speech that global warming was real and that urgent action was needed, saying that "Companies composed of highly skilled and trained people can't live in denial of mounting evidence gathered by hundreds of the most reputable scientists in the world.".[4] In 2005 BP was considering testing carbon sequestration in one of its North Sea oil fields, by pumping carbon dioxide into them (and thereby also increasing yields).[5] Global mean surface temperatures 1856 to 2005 Mean surface temperature anomalies during the period 1995 to 2004 with respect to the average temperatures from 1940 to 1980 Global warming is the observed increase in the average temperature of the Earths atmosphere and oceans in recent decades. ... Carbon sequestration from a fossil-fuel power station A carbon dioxide sink or CO2 sink is a carbon reservoir that is increasing in size, and is the opposite of a carbon source. The main sinks are the oceans and growing vegetation. ... The North Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, located between the coasts of Norway and Denmark in the east, the coast of the British Isles in the west, and the German, Dutch, Belgian and French coasts in the south. ... Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of one carbon and two oxygen atoms. ...

In 2004, BP began marketing low-sulphur diesel fuel for industrial use. BP intends to create a network of hydrogen fuelling stations in the state of California. For the chemical element see: sulfur. ... Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel (1858-1913), inventor of the Diesel engine. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area Ranked 3rd - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 kmÂ²) - Width 250 miles (400 km) - Length 770 miles (1,240 km) - % water 4. ...

However, BP's image has been tarnished somewhat by its involvement with the controversial Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline, criticised for human rights abuses, environmental and safety concerns^{[citation needed]}. The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline (sometimes abbreviated as BTC pipeline) transports crude oil 1,776 km from the Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli oil field in the Caspian Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. ... A human rights abuse is abuse of people in a way that violates any fundamental human rights. ...

BP has also been criticised for the increase in fuel prices in the UK, on April 25 2005 Lord Browne stated in an interview with the BBC that he fully expected petrol prices to stay above £1 per litre. BP has also been involved in bringing lawsuits against biofuel and biodiesel producers and sellers in France and other countries.^{[citation needed]}

In July 2006, a group of Colombian farmers won a multimillion pound settlement from BP after the British oil and gas company was accused of benefiting from a regime of terror carried out by Colombian government paramilitaries to protect a 450-mile pipeline.[6] Terror is a pronounced state of fear, an overwhelming sense of imminent danger. ... A paramilitary is a group of civilians trained and organized in a military fashion. ...

On August 7, 2006, BP reported that their Prudhoe Bay oil field had to be shut down after a pipeline inspection gauge determined there was excessive corrosion in the transport pipeline.^[6]. BP was criticized for the maintenance practices on the damaged pipeline, which was last inspected for corrosion in 1992.^[7] August 7 is the 219th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (220th in leap years), with 146 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Prudhoe Bay is a census-designated place located in North Slope Borough, Alaska. ... A pig used in natural gas pipelines A Pipeline inspection gauge or pig in the pipeline industry is a tool that is sent down a pipeline and propelled by the pressure of the product in the pipeline itself. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ...

BP have started a scheme for car owners to purchase carbon offsets called Target Neutral. // A carbon offset zeros out (offsets) all or part of the carbon dioxide emissions of a party, by reducing the emissions -- or increasing the carbon dioxide absorption -- of another party. ... Target Neutral is a scheme set up by BP to help individual car owners participate in the mitigation of global warming. ...

Contents

Company history

History

1909 - 1955

1960s and 1970s

1980s and 1990s

Present

Prudhoe Bay shutdown

Image

See also

Notes

External links

Contents

Company history GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

History

1909 - 1955

1960s and 1970s

1980s and 1990s

Present

Prudhoe Bay shutdown

Image

See also

Notes

External links

Company history