Ba'ath Party flag

The Ba‘ath Parties (also spelled Baath or Ba‘th; Arabic is a Semitic language, closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. It is spoken throughout the Arab world and is widely known throughout the Islamic world. Arabic has been a literary language for over 1500 years, and is the liturgical language of Islam. The expression Arabic may refer either to... Arabic: اﻟﺒﻌﺚ) comprise A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around very special issues. In party-list proportional representation, parties (and sometimes multi-party cartels) can play a functional role in the voting system. Individuals who are members of political parties defend the partys values... political parties representing the political face of the Ba‘ath movement. The original Ba‘ath Party functioned as a Pan-Arabism is a movement for unification among the Arab peoples and nations of the Middle East. It is closely connected to Arab nationalism. Pan-Arabism has tended to be both secular, socialist, and against Western influence. Pan-Arabism was first pressed by Amir Hussein, the Sherif of Mecca, who... pan-Arab party with branches in different Arab countries. In -1... 1966 the Party split into two, one branch based in The Syrian Arab Republic is a country in the Middle East, bordering (from south to north) on Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Iraq and Turkey. The borders with Israel and Turkey are subject to dispute, pending the resolution of outstanding conflicts over possession of the Golan Heights and the region of Iskenderun... Syria and the other in The Republic of Iraq is a Middle Eastern country in southwestern Asia encompassing the ancient region of Mesopotamia. It shares borders with Kuwait and Saudi-Arabia to the south, Jordan to the west, Syria to the north-west, Turkey to the north, and Iran to the east. Its current leadership... Iraq. Both Ba‘ath parties maintain parallel structures in the Arab world.

The Ba‘ath Party came to power in The Syrian Arab Republic is a country in the Middle East, bordering (from south to north) on Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Iraq and Turkey. The borders with Israel and Turkey are subject to dispute, pending the resolution of outstanding conflicts over possession of the Golan Heights and the region of Iskenderun... Syria on March 8 is the 67th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (68th in Leap years). There are 298 days remaining. Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion (he soon rejects the idea after some initial calculations were made but later on May 15 confirms... 8 March Events January-February January 11 - The Whisky A Go-Go night club in Los Angeles, the first disco in the USA, is opened. January 14 - George Wallace becomes governor of Alabama. January 22 - Elysée treaty between France and Germany January 28 - Black student Harvey Gantt enters Clemson College in... 1963 and has remained influential ever since; the Ba‘athists ruled The Republic of Iraq is a Middle Eastern country in southwestern Asia encompassing the ancient region of Mesopotamia. It shares borders with Kuwait and Saudi-Arabia to the south, Jordan to the west, Syria to the north-west, Turkey to the north, and Iran to the east. Its current leadership... Iraq from February 1963 until 2003 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, and also: The International Year of Freshwater The European Disability Year Events January January 1 - Luíz Inácio Lula Da Silva becomes the 37th President of Brazil. Pascal Couchepin becomes President of the Confederation in... 2003. After the de facto deposition of President Saddam Hussein Saddām Hussein ʻAbd al-Majid al-Tikrītī (Often spelt Husayn or Hussain; Arabic صدام حسين عبدالمجيد التكريتي; born April 28, 1937... Saddam Hussein's Ba‘athist régime in the course of the For other uses of the term, see Iraq war (disambiguation) The 2003 invasion of Iraq (also called the 2nd or 3rd Persian Gulf War) began on March 20, 2003, when forces belonging primarily to the United States and the United Kingdom invaded Iraq without the explicit backing of the United... 2003 Iraq war, the occupying authorities banned the Iraqi Ba‘ath Party in June is the sixth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four with the length of 30 days. June starts in Gemini and ends in Cancer. In the pagan wheel of the year the June spans summer solstice in the northern hemisphere and winter solstice in... June 2003 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, and also: The International Year of Freshwater The European Disability Year Events January January 1 - Luíz Inácio Lula Da Silva becomes the 37th President of Brazil. Pascal Couchepin becomes President of the Confederation in... 2003.

The Arabic is a Semitic language, closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. It is spoken throughout the Arab world and is widely known throughout the Islamic world. Arabic has been a literary language for over 1500 years, and is the liturgical language of Islam. The expression Arabic may refer either to... Arabic word Ba‘ath means 'rebirth'. Ba‘athist beliefs combine Arab Socialism (ar. الاشتراكية العربية, al-ishtirākīya al-‘arabīya) is a political ideology based on an amalgamation of Pan-Arabism and Socialism. Its intellectual and political influence peaked... Arab Socialism, Militarism is the ideology that military strength is the source of all security. In its mildest form it is often stated as many more specific arguments for military preparedness, all of which tend to assume that peace through strength is the best or only way to achieve peace. Militarism tends... militarism, Nationalism is an ideology that creates and sustains a nation as a concept of a common identity for groups of humans. According to the theory of nationalism, the preservation of identity features, the independence in all subjects, the wellbeing, and the glory of ones own nation are fundamental values... nationalism, and Pan-Arabism is a movement for unification among the Arab peoples and nations of the Middle East. It is closely connected to Arab nationalism. Pan-Arabism has tended to be both secular, socialist, and against Western influence. Pan-Arabism was first pressed by Amir Hussein, the Sherif of Mecca, who... Pan-Arabism. The mostly secular ideology often contrasts with that of other Arab governments in the A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. The Middle East is a... Middle East, which sometimes tend to have leanings towards Islamism is a political ideology derived from the conservative religious views of Muslim fundamentalism. It holds Islam is not only a religion, but a political system that also governs the legal, economic and social imperatives of the state. The goal of Islamism is to re-shape the state by implementing... Islamism and Theocracy is a form of government in which a religion and the government are allied. In the strictest sense of the word, theocracy consists of two distinct terms: theo which means god and cracy which means form of government. Hence theocracy literally means Rule by god. In the most common... theocracy.

The motto of the Party is Wahdah, Hurriyah, Ishtirrakiyah means "Unity, Freedom, Socialism". 'Unity' refers to pan-Arab unity, 'Freedom' emphasizes freedom from For alternative meanings for The West in the United States, see the U.S. West and American West. The term Western world can have multiple meanings depending on its context. Originally defined as Europe, most modern uses of the term refer to the societies of Europe and their genealogical, colonial... Western interests in particular, and 'Socialism' specifically references Arab Socialism (ar. الاشتراكية العربية, al-ishtirākīya al-‘arabīya) is a political ideology based on an amalgamation of Pan-Arabism and Socialism. Its intellectual and political influence peaked... Arab Socialism.

Origins

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Ba‘ath Party symbol

Both the Syrian and the Iraqi Ba‘ath parties originated in the Ba‘ath movement, an Arab (disambiguation). There are three factors which may assist to varying degrees in determining whether someone is considered Arab or not: Political: whether they live in a country which is a member of the Arab League (or, more vaguely, the Arab world); this definition covers more than 300 million people... Arab political movement which started in the early (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999... 20th century, founded by Syrian thinkers: most notably Michel Aflaq (1910 - June 23, 1989) was the ideological founder of Baathism, a form of Arab nationalism. He was born in Damascus to an Greek Orthodox Christian family of a middle class background. He was first educated in the westernized schools of French mandate Syria, where he was a... Michel Aflaq. Two other major proponents of early Ba‘athist ideology, Zaki al-Arsuzi and Salah al-Din al-Bitar, like Michel Aflaq, had careers as middle-class educators, influenced in their political thought by Western education. Many early Ba‘athists also professed For other uses of the term Christian, see Christian (disambiguation). Christianity is an Abrahamic religion based on the life, teachings, death by crucifixion, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth as described in the New Testament. Although Christians are monotheistic, the one God is thought, by most Christians, to exist in... Christianity. The movement also found support among the more republican wing of Iraqi soldiers in the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a country in western Europe, and a member of the British Commonwealth and European Union. Usually known simply as the United Kingdom, UK or, inaccurately, as Great Britain or Britain, the UK has four constituent parts. Three of these parts... British and later in the The name of this Arab dynasty should not be confused with Hashem one of the names for God in Judaism Hashemite traditionally refers to those belonging to the Banu Hashim, or clan of Hashim, a clan within the larger Quraish tribe. It also refers to an Arab dynasty whose original... Hashemite services.

The Ba‘ath Arab Socialist Party was officially founded at its first party congress, held in This is about Damascus, the capital of Syria. There is also a Damascus, Maryland, a Damascus, Oregon, a Damascus, Pennsylvania, and a Damascus, Virginia. Damascus (Arabic: دمشق Dimašq, Dimašq al-Šam, al-Šam; Tiberian Hebrew דַּמֶּ... Damascus, April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). There are 268 days remaining. Events 529 - first draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I 1348 - Charles University is founded in Prague... April 7, 1947 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). Events January January 1 - British mines nationalized January 1 - Nigeria gains limited autonomy January 1 - The Canadian Citizenship Act went into effect January 3 - Proceedings of the U.S. Congress are televised for the first time... 1947.

The early party formed in opposition to both The French Republic or France ( French: République française or France) is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. France is a democracy organised as a... French colonial rule and to the older generation of Syrian Arab nationalists, and advocated instead Pan-Arabism is a movement for unification among the Arab peoples and nations of the Middle East. It is closely connected to Arab nationalism. Pan-Arabism has tended to be both secular, socialist, and against Western influence. Pan-Arabism was first pressed by Amir Hussein, the Sherif of Mecca, who... Pan-Arab unity and Arab nationalism is a nationalist ideology in Arab world. It is defined by a belief that all Arabs are united by a shared history, culture, and language. Closely related is Pan-Arabism which calls for the creation of a single Arab state, but not all Arab nationalist are also Pan... Arab nationalism. Its For the entry on the naval ship U.S.S. Constitution, see: USS Constitution. An organizations constitution defines its form, structure, activities, character, and fundamental rules. To view particular constitutions, refer to the list of national constitutions. The term comes from Latin constitutio, which referred to any important law... constitution blended non- Marxism is the political practice and social theory based on the works of Karl Marx, a 19th century German philosopher, economist, journalist, and revolutionary, along with Friedrich Engels. Marx drew on Georg Hegels philosophy, the political economy of Adam Smith, Ricardian economics, and 19th century French socialism to develop... Marxist socialism and nationalism. The early Syrian Ba‘athists opposed the influence of Europe in their country's affairs, and used nationalism and the notion of unifying the Arab world as a platform. Ba‘athists always claimed to speak for the entire Arab nation and the progress of the masses, though the party remained extremely small, factional and often reliant on nationalist radicals in the militaries. However, its influence quickly spread to other Arab countries by 1954-58, and branches formed in The Republic of Iraq is a Middle Eastern country in southwestern Asia encompassing the ancient region of Mesopotamia. It shares borders with Kuwait and Saudi-Arabia to the south, Jordan to the west, Syria to the north-west, Turkey to the north, and Iran to the east. Its current leadership... Iraq, The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, commonly called Jordan, is a country in the Middle East. It is bordered by Syria to the north, Iraq to the north-east, Saudi Arabia to the east and south, and Israel and West Bank to the west. It shares with Israel the coastlines of... Jordan, and The Lebanese Republic or Lebanon is a country in Southwest Asia, bordering the Mediterranean Sea. It is considered to be one of the fifteen present-day countries that comprise the Cradle of Humanity. Lebanon is bordered by Syria and Israel. National motto: n/a Official language Arabic Spoken languages Arabic... Lebanon.

The Syria-based Ba‘ath Party

The Ba‘ath party from the beginning intended to win power through peaceful means. The first success came in Syria, where the party became an important force, but dissolved itself upon the formation of the The United Arab Republic (UAR) was a country that existed as a union between the republics of Egypt and Syria between 1958 and 1961; though Egypt continued to be known as the UAR until 1970. Established on February 1 as a first step towards a pan-Arab nation, the UAR... United Arab Republic (1958) in support of the new Gamal Abdel Nasser (Arabic: جمال عبد الناصر) Gamal Abdel Nasser (January 15, 1918 - September 28, 1970) was the second President of Egypt after Muhammad Naguib and is considered one of the most important Arab leaders in history. He was the... Nasserist government. After the break up of the United Arab Republic in 1961 the party and its ideology came under the wing of a group of military figures who plotted to overthrow the government and used some Ba‘athist ideology to justify their military rule.

The military A coup détat, or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, usually done by a small group that just replaces the top power figures. It is different from a revolution, which is staged by a larger group and radically changes the political system. The term is... coup came in 1963, and it brought the Ba‘ath Party to power in The Syrian Arab Republic is a country in the Middle East, bordering (from south to north) on Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Iraq and Turkey. The borders with Israel and Turkey are subject to dispute, pending the resolution of outstanding conflicts over possession of the Golan Heights and the region of Iskenderun... Syria. The new government promptly began a course of large-scale Nationalization is the act of taking assets into state ownership. Usually it refers to private assets being nationalised, but sometimes it may be assets owned by other levels of government, such as municipalities. Similarly, the opposite of nationalization is usually privatization, but sometimes it may be municipalization. Nationalization that happens... nationalization. From 1963, the Ba‘ath functioned as the only legal Syrian political party, but factionalism and splintering within the party led to a succession of governments and new constitutions. In 1966 a military There are a number of things that junta (hUn-tah) could refer to: It can be a military dictatorship. See also Military rule. In History of Spain, junta (coming-together) was the name chosen by several local administrations forming in Spain during the Peninsula War as a patriotic alternative to... junta representing the more radical elements in the party displaced the more moderate wing in power, purging from the party its original founders, Michel Aflaq and Bitar.

At this juncture the Syrian Ba‘ath party split into two factions: the "progressive" faction, led by Nureddin Atassi, which gave priority to neo-Marxist economic reform, and the so-called nationalist group, led by General Hafez al-Assad (October 6, 1930 - June 10, 2000) was the President of Syria from 1971 to 2000. al-Assad was born in rural Syria as part of the minority Alawite community. He was the first member of his family to attend High School and finished top of his class... Hafez al-Assad. Assad's following had less interest in The color red and particularly the red flag are traditional symbols of Socialism. Socialism is a concept, an ideology and a collection of party-based political movements that have evolved and branched over time. Initially, it was based on the organized working class, with the purpose of building a classless... socialism, favoring a militant posture on the Arab union and hostility toward The State of Israel (Hebrew: מדינת ישראל, translit.: Medinat Yisrael; Arabic: دولة اسرائيل, translit.: Daulat Israil) is a country in the Middle East on the eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea... Israel. Despite constant maneuvering and government changes, the two factions remained in an uneasy coalition of power until 1970, when, in another coup, Assad succeeded in ousting Atassi as prime minister. Assad, one of the longest-ruling leaders of the modern A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. The Middle East is a... Middle East, remained at Syria's political helm until his death in 2000 - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes.css; @import /skins/monobook/IE55Fixes.css; @import /skins/monobook/IE60Fixes.css; /**/ 2000 From Wikipedia 2000 is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. Popular culture also holds the year 2000 as the first year of the 21st century and the 3rd... 2000, when his son Bashar al_Assad Bashar al_Assad (بشار الاسد) (born September 11, 1965) is the current President of Syria and the son of former President Hafez al-Assad. Studying in London for ophthalmology, al_Assad initially had few political aspirations. Hafez al_Assad had been grooming Bashars... Bashar al Assad succeeded him as President.

Today the Ba‘ath Party in Syria has little to do with its founding ideology. It has made little progress towards Arab unity, and has all but abandoned its commitment to socialism. For decades, Ba‘athism has served merely as a justification for the military dictatorship in that country.

The Syria-based Ba‘ath Party has branches in The Lebanese Republic or Lebanon is a country in Southwest Asia, bordering the Mediterranean Sea. It is considered to be one of the fifteen present-day countries that comprise the Cradle of Humanity. Lebanon is bordered by Syria and Israel. National motto: n/a Official language Arabic Spoken languages Arabic... Lebanon, The Republic of Yemen is a country in the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia, and is a part of the Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Red Sea, between Oman and Saudi Arabia. National motto: none Official language Arabic Capital Sanaa President Ali Abdullah Saleh... Yemen, The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, commonly called Jordan, is a country in the Middle East. It is bordered by Syria to the north, Iraq to the north-east, Saudi Arabia to the east and south, and Israel and West Bank to the west. It shares with Israel the coastlines of... Jordan, Foreign relations Main article: Foreign relations of Sudan Sudan has a territorial dispute with Egypt over the Halaib Triangle. States Main article: States of Sudan Sudan has 26 states or wilayat: Al Jazirah, Al Qadarif, Bahr al Jabal, Blue Nile, East Equatoria, Junqali, Kassala, Khartoum, Lakes, North Bahr al... Sudan, The Republic of Iraq is a Middle Eastern country in southwestern Asia encompassing the ancient region of Mesopotamia. It shares borders with Kuwait and Saudi-Arabia to the south, Jordan to the west, Syria to the north-west, Turkey to the north, and Iran to the east. Its current leadership... Iraq (currently split into two factions), etc., although none of the non-Syrian branches have any major strength. The term Palestine may refer to: Palestine: A geographical region in the Middle East, centered on Jerusalem. It is claimed by Palestinians and (under the name Eretz Israel) Jews as their ancestral home. The West Bank and the Gaza Strip, sometimes collectively referred to as the Palestinian territories The Palestinian... Palestinians know their local Syria-based Ba‘ath Party as as-Saiqa (the Thunderbolt).

The Iraq-based Ba‘ath Party

Iraqi and Syrian Ba‘athism today differ widely and partially oppose each other, though they only split a long time after their creation. They share one common feature in that under Saddam Hussein Iraq also moved away from Ba‘athist principles.

History

In Iraq the Ba‘ath party remained a civilian group and lacked strong support within the military. The party had little impact, and the movement split into several factions after 1958 and again in 1966. It lacked strong popular support, but through the construction of a strong party apparatus the party succeeded in gaining power.

The Ba‘athists first came to power in the coup of February, 1963, when Abdul Salam Arif (1921, Baghdad - April 13, 1966), president of Iraq (1963-1966). On February 8, 1963, he played a leading role in the coup in which the government of Abdul Karim Qassim was overthrown. He became provisional president and was confirmed on November 20, 1963. He at first supported... Abdul Salam Arif became president. Interference from the Syrian Ba‘athists and disputes between the moderates and extremists, culminating in an attempted coup by the latter in November, 1963, served to discredit the extremists. However, the moderates continued to play a major role in the succeeding non-Ba‘athist governments.

In July, 1968, a bloodless coup brought to power the Ba‘athist general General Ahmed Hassan al_Bakr (July 1, 1914 _ October 4, 1982) was President of Iraq from 1968 to 1979. A leading member of the Baath Party he orchestrated the 1963 coup that overthrew Iraqs military leader Muhammad Najib ar-Rubai. A few months later the Baathists... Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr. Wranglings within the party continued, and the government periodically In history and political science, to purge is to remove undesirable people from a government, political party, profession, or from community/society as a whole, usually by violent means. In the latter case it is also called political repression. The earliest use of the term was the English Civil War... purged its dissident members. Saddam Hussein Saddām Hussein ʻAbd al-Majid al-Tikrītī (Often spelt Husayn or Hussain; Arabic صدام حسين عبدالمجيد التكريتي; born April 28, 1937... Saddam Hussein eventually succeeded al-Bakr in 1979 and ruled The Republic of Iraq is a Middle Eastern country in southwestern Asia encompassing the ancient region of Mesopotamia. It shares borders with Kuwait and Saudi-Arabia to the south, Jordan to the west, Syria to the north-west, Turkey to the north, and Iran to the east. Its current leadership... Iraq until 2003. Although almost all the Ba‘athist leadership had no military background, under Hussein the party changed dramatically and became heavily militarized, with its leading members frequently appearing in uniform.

Structure

The Party cell or circle, composed of three to seven members, constitutes the basic organisational unit of the Iraqi Ba‘ath Party. Cells functioned at the neighborhood or village level, where members would meet to discuss and execute party directives introduced from above. Since individual cells had little contact with one another, those higher up could vigorously enforce party loyalties from the top down. As the U.S. and its allies discovered in Iraq in 2003, cell organization also made the Party highly resilient.

A Party division comprised two to seven cells, controlled by a division commander. Such Ba‘athist cells occurred throughout the bureaucracy and the military, where they functioned as the Party's watchdog, an effective form of covert surveillance within a public administration.

A Party section, which comprised two to five divisions, functioned at the level of a large city quarter, a town, or a rural district.

The branch came above the sections; it comprised at least two sections, and operated at the provincial level.

The Party congress, which combined all the branches, elected the regional command as the core of the Party leadership and top decision-making mechanism.

The national command of the Ba‘ath Party ranked over the regional command. It formed the highest policy-making and coordinating council for the Ba‘ath movement throughout the Arab world at large.

Post-Saddam

In June 2003, the US-led This article deals with the post-invasion period in Iraq and its occupation. For other uses of the term Iraq War, see Iraq war (disambiguation) Occupation zones in Iraq as of September 2003 . The post-invasion period in Iraq followed the 2003 invasion of Iraq by a multinational coalition led... occupying forces in Iraq banned the Ba‘ath party. Some criticize the additional step the US took -- of banning all members of the Ba‘ath party from the new government, as well as from The term public school has two contrary meanings: In England, one of a small number of prestigious historic schools open to the public which normally charge fees and are financed by bodies other than the state, commonly as private charitable trusts; here the word public is used much as in... public schools and A college (Latin collegium) can be the name of any group of colleagues; originally it meant a group of people living together under a common set of rules (con-, together + leg-, law). As a consequence members of colleges were originally styled fellow and still are in some places. However, it... colleges -- as blocking too many people from participation in the new government. Several teachers have lost their jobs, causing protests and demonstrations at This article is about educational institutions. For other uses of the term school, see School (disambiguation). A school is any place designated for learning. The range of institutions covered by the term varies from country to country. In the United Kingdom, the term school refers primarily to pre-university institutions... schools and A university is an institution of higher education and of research, which grants academic degrees. A university provides both tertiary and quaternary education. University is derived from the Latin universitas, meaning corporation since the first medieval European universities were often groups of scholars-for-hire. History Arguably the first western... universities. Under the previous rule of the Ba‘ath party, one could not reach high positions in the government or in the schools without becoming a party member.

The party outside of Iraq

The Iraq-based Ba‘ath Party had branches in various Arab countries, such as The Lebanese Republic or Lebanon is a country in Southwest Asia, bordering the Mediterranean Sea. It is considered to be one of the fifteen present-day countries that comprise the Cradle of Humanity. Lebanon is bordered by Syria and Israel. National motto: n/a Official language Arabic Spoken languages Arabic... Lebanon and The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, commonly called Jordan, is a country in the Middle East. It is bordered by Syria to the north, Iraq to the north-east, Saudi Arabia to the east and south, and Israel and West Bank to the west. It shares with Israel the coastlines of... Jordan. After the fall of the Saddam government, many branches have distanced themselves from the central party, such as the branches in The Republic of Yemen is a country in the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia, and is a part of the Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Red Sea, between Oman and Saudi Arabia. National motto: none Official language Arabic Capital Sanaa President Ali Abdullah Saleh... Yemen and Sudan.

The branch amongst the The term Palestine may refer to: Palestine: A geographical region in the Middle East, centered on Jerusalem. It is claimed by Palestinians and (under the name Eretz Israel) Jews as their ancestral home. The West Bank and the Gaza Strip, sometimes collectively referred to as the Palestinian territories The Palestinian... Palestinians bears the name of Jabhat al-Tahrir al-'Arabiyah (the Arab Liberation Front, or ALF). ALF formed the major Palestian political faction in The Republic of Iraq is a Middle Eastern country in southwestern Asia encompassing the ancient region of Mesopotamia. It shares borders with Kuwait and Saudi-Arabia to the south, Jordan to the west, Syria to the north-west, Turkey to the north, and Iran to the east. Its current leadership... Iraq during the Saddam years.

In The Kingdom of Bahrain, or Bahrain, is a borderless country in the Persian Gulf (Southwest Asia/Middle East, Asia). Saudi Arabia is to the west and is connected to Bahrain by a causeway, and Qatar is to the south across the Gulf of Bahrain. National motto: None languages Arabic Capital... Bahrain Rasul al-Jaishy leads the pro-Ba‘ath Nationalist Democratic Rally Society (Jami'at al-Tajammu' al-Qawmi al-Dimuqrati).

An Iraq-oriented Ba‘ath Party branch formerly existed in The Syrian Arab Republic is a country in the Middle East, bordering (from south to north) on Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Iraq and Turkey. The borders with Israel and Turkey are subject to dispute, pending the resolution of outstanding conflicts over possession of the Golan Heights and the region of Iskenderun... Syria, which the Syrian government severely repressed.

External links

• The five volumes of Michel Aflaq's "On The Way Of Resurrection" (Fi Sabil al Ba‘ath)in Arabic (http://albaath.online.fr/)
• Brief Syrian-focused official description (http://www.damascus-online.com/se/hist/baath_party.htm)
• Death of the dragon - from a bitter opponent of the Ba‘ath (http://www.thetablet.co.uk/cgi-bin/archive_db.cgi?tablet-00733)
• The Constitution of the Arab Socialist Ba'th Party (http://www.baath-party.org/eng/constitution.htm)
• Ba'th Party.org (in Arabic) (http://www.baath-party.org/index.htm)
• Ba'th Party.org (in English) (http://www.baath-party.org/eng/news.asp)
• Sudanese Ba'th Party (in Arabic) (http://www.sudanbaath.20m.com/)