NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Bacillus Calmette Guérin

Bacillus of Calmette and Guérin (BCG) is a vaccine against tuberculosis that is prepared from a strain of the attenuated (weakened) live bovine tuberculosis bacillus, Mycobacterium bovis that has lost its virulence in humans by specially culturing in artificial medium for years. The bacilli have retained enough strong antigenicity to become an effective vaccine for the prevention of human tuberculosis. Vaccination is a term coined by Edward Jenner for the process of administering a weakened form of a disease to patients as a means of giving them immunity to a more serious form of the disease. ... Tuberculous lungs show up on an X-ray image Tuberculosis is an infection with the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most commonly affects the lungs (pulmonary TB) but can also affect the central nervous system (meningitis), lymphatic system, circulatory system (miliary TB), genitourinary system, bones and joints. ... Binomial name Mycobacterium bovis Mycobacterium bovis is a type of bacterium that causes tuberculosis in cattle. ... Binomial name Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 Subspecies Homo sapiens idaltu (extinct) Homo sapiens sapiens Human beings define themselves in biological, social, and spiritual terms. ...

Albert Calmette, a French bacteriologist, and his assistant and later colleague, Camille Guérin, a veterinarian, were working at the Pasteur Institute in Lille in 1908. Their work included the subculturing of virulent strains of the tuberculosis bacillus and the testing of different culture media. They noted that a glycerin-bile-potato mixture grew bacilli that seemed less virulent. They changed the course of their research to see if repeated subculturing would produce a strain that was attenuated to be considered for use as a vaccine. Throughout World War I, the research continued until 1919 when the now non-virulent bacilli was unable to cause tuberculosis disease in research animals. They transferred to the Paris Pasteur Institute in 1919. In 1921, the BCG vaccine was developed for human use. Léon Charles Albert Calmette (July 12, 1863 – October 29, 1933) was a French physician, bacteriologist and immunologist, and an important officer of the Pasteur Institute. ... Jean-Marie Camille Guérin (b. ... The Pasteur Institute (French: Institut Pasteur) is a French non-profit private foundation dedicated to the study of biology, microorganisms, diseases and vaccines. ... City motto: – City proper (commune) Région Nord-Pas de Calais Département Nord (59) Mayor Martine Aubry (PS) (since 2001) Area 39. ... 1908 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Missing image Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... 1919 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Pasteur Institute (French: Institut Pasteur) is a French non-profit private foundation dedicated to the study of biology, microorganisms, diseases and vaccines. ... 1919 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1921 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1928 it was adopted by the Health Committee of the League of Nations. However, because of opponents of vaccination, it was not widely used until after World War II. From 1945 to 1948. relief organizations (International Tuberculosis Campaign or Joint Enterprises) vaccinated over 8 million babies in eastern Europe and prevented the predicted increase of TB after a major war. 1928 was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... The League of Nations was an international organization founded after the First World War at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1948 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... Eastern Europe is, by convention, that part of Europe from the Ural and Caucasus mountains in the East to an arbitrarily chosen boundary in the West. ...

The vaccine proved to be the safest and the most widely used vaccine. It has an efficacy of between 50 and 80 percent, depending on the natural occurrence of other forms of mycobacteria other than mycobacterium tuberculosis in the environment in which a person lives. Species see text Mycobacterium is the a genus of actinobacteria, given its own family, the Mycobacteriaceae. ... Binomial name Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacteria that causes most cases of tuberculosis. ...

It is not currently recommended in developed countries as routine childhood vaccination because the incidence of tuberculosis tends to be much lower there.

Having had a previous BCG vaccination will affect a Mantoux test result: it is generally positive, although a very high-grade reading is usually due to active disease. This article or section should be merged with Tuberculin There are two major tuberculin skin tests for tuberculosis used in the world. ...

The BCG vaccination should be given intradermally by a nurse skilled in the technique.

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