Badinan, was one of the more powerful and enduring Kurdish principalities. It was founded by Baha-al-Din originally from Şemzînan area in Hakkari in sometime between 13th or 14th century CE. It was centered in the town of Amadiya in the present-day Dahuk province in Iraqi Kurdistan. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The history of the Kurds stretches from ancient times to the present day. ... The Mannaeans (or Mannai, Mannae, Biblical Minni) were an ancient people of unknown origin, who lived in the territory of present-day Iranian Azerbaijan around the 10th to 7th century BC. At that time they were neighbours of the empires of Assyria and Urartu, as well as other small buffer... Corduene, also known as Cordyene, Cardyene and Gordyene, was a province of the Roman Empire located in the northern mesopotamia. ... Adiabene (In Syriac: ܚܕܝܐܒ) was an ancient Assyrian kingdom in Mesopotamia with its capital at Arbela. ... The Shaddadids were a Kurdish dynasty that ruled in various parts of Armenia and Arran from 951-1174 A.D. They were established in Ganja from 970 onwards and captured the city of Dvin. ... The Annazid or Banu Annaz,(990-1116), were a Kurdish dynasty that ruled a territory on the present-day Iran-Iraq frontier including Kermanshah, Hulwan, Dinavar (all in western Iran), Sharazour, Daquq, Daskara, Bandanijin(Mandali), and Nomaniya(in north-eastern Iraq). ... Marwanid, (990-1085), was a Kurdish dynasty in northren mesopotamia centered around the city of Diyarbakir. ... The Ayyubid Dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Egypt, Iraq in the 12th and 13th centuries. ... Ardalan or (Erdelan) is the name of a semi-independent state in north-western Iran which ruled an area encompassing present day Iranian province of Kurdistan from medieval period up to mid 19th century. ... The Kurds are an ethnic group inhabiting northern and northeastern Mesopotamia, which includes parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey (a region sometimes referred to as Kurdistan). ... Kurdish culture has developed over hundreds of years. ... This is a list of well known Kurdish people. ... The Kurdish language (Kurdî in Kurdish), is spoken in the region loosely called Kurdistan, including Kurdish populations in parts of Iran (Persia), Iraq, Syria and Turkey [1]. Kurdish is an official language in Iraq while it is banned in Syria. ... The Kurdistan newspaper Kurdish literature (in Kurdish: Wêjey kurdî) is a literature written in Kurdish language. ... The Kurdish Flag The Kurdish flag first appeared during the Kurdish struggle for independence from the Ottoman Empire. ... Iranian Kurdistan is a large mountainous region situated in the western and northwestern parts of Iran including the West Azerbaijan province as well as Kurdistan Province, Kermanshah Province, and Ilam Province. ... Kurdistan is an area in the Middle East, inhabited mainly by the Kurds, covering parts of Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Armenia, and Syria. ... Kurdish may refer to: The Kurdish people The Kurdish language This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Prince Albert of Monaco on the left represents a principality where he wields adminisitrative authority. ... Hakkâri, formerly Çölemerik, is the capital city of the Hakkâri il, Turkey. ... Dahuk (also referred to as Dohuk) (Arabic: دهوك , Kurdish: Duhok) is one of the governorates of Iraq. ... Kurdistan is an area in the Middle East, inhabited mainly by the Kurds, covering parts of Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Armenia, and Syria. ...

Threatened by the expansionist and centralizing efforts of the Ottoman and Safavid empires, Bahdinan princes were drawn into prolonged confrontations with these two rival powers. The Bahdinan rulers, Esamil Pasha and Mohammad Said Pasha were deposed by the emir of the neighboring Soran principality in 1832. However, their rule was restored after the Ottomans defeated Soran in 1834. Pursuing their centralization policy, the Ottomans overthrew the Bahdinan principality in 1842. Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (the Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Sogut (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), İstanbul (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanli Dynasty... The Safavids were a long-lasting Turkic-speaking Iranian dynasty that ruled from 1501 to 1736 and first established Shiite Islam as Persias official religion. ... 1832 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1834 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

References

• Badinan, Encyclopaedia Iranica, p.485, By Amir Hassanpour.