The Baetic Cordillera is a mountain system in southern Spain. Also known as the Baetic ranges or Baetic mountains, and in Spanish as the Sistema Penibético, the Baetic Cordillera is made up of multiple mountain ranges that reach from western Andalucia to Murcia and Valencia, trending generally southwest-northeast. The Sierra Nevada and the Aljibe Mountains of Andalucia are part of the Baetic system.

The Baetic Cordillera is home to a number of Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and shrub plant communities, including shrublands, oak woodlands, broadleaf forests, and coniferous forests, which vary with elevation, soils, and topography. The cordillera, together with the Rif Mountains of Morocco which face the Baetic Cordillera across the Alboran Sea, is one of the Mediterranean basin's ten biodiversity hotspots, known to ecologists as the Baetic-Rifan complex. The Baetic mountains are home to a rich assemblage of Mediterranean plants, including a number of relict species from the ancient laurel forests, which covered much of the Mediterranean basin millions of years ago when it was more humid.