Jatindranath Mukherjee, popularly known as Bagha Jatin

Bagha Jatin, born Jatindranath Mukherjee (7 December 1879 – 10 September 1915) was a Bengali Indian revolutionary philosopher against British rule. He was the principal leader of the Yugantar party that was the central association of revolutionaries in Bengal, and was responsible for the planned German Plot during World War I. Image File history File linksMetadata Bagha_jatin1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Bagha_jatin1. ... December 7 is the 341st day (342nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... September 10 is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years). ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The Bengali people are the ethnic community from Bengal (divided between India and Bangladesh) in Indian subcontinent with a history going back more than two millennia. ... Jugantar or Yugantar (nearest English word epoch-making) was one of the secret revolutionary organisations operating in Bengal for Indian independence. ... Bengal, known as Bôngo (Bengali: বঙ্গ), Bangla (বাংলা), Bôngodesh (বঙ্গদেশ), or Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ) in the Bengali language, is a region in the northeast of South Asia. ... Jugantar or Yugantar (nearest English word epoch-making) was one of the secret revolutionary organisations operating in Bengal for Indian independence. ... Combatants Allied Powers: British Empire France Italy Russia United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman Empire Commanders Ferdinand Foch Georges Clemenceau Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Wilhelm II Paul von Hindenburg...

Early life

Dr Suresh Prasad Sarbadhikari, who operated upon Jatin after he received grave injuries fighting with the tiger

Jatin was born in Kayagram, a village in the Kushtia subdivision of Nadia district in what is now Bangladesh. His parents were Umeshchandra Mukherjee and Sharatshashi; he grew up in his ancestral home at Jhenaidah till his father's death when Jatin was five years old. His mother settled in her parents' home in Kayagram with him and his elder sister Benodebala. As he grew older, Jatin gained a reputation for physical bravery and great strength; charitable and cheerful by temperament, he was fond of enacting mythological plays and playing the roles of god-loving characters like Prahlad, Dhruva, Hanuman, Râja Harish Chandra.^[1] The name by which he came to be known ("Bagha Jatin" [variously spelt "Jotin", "Jyotin", and "Jatin"] — Tiger Jatin) derived from an incident in which he killed a tiger with nothing but a Darjeeling dagger. The then leading surgeon of Kolkata, Dr Suresh Prasad Sarbadhikari who operated upon Jatin, "took upon himself the responsibility for curing that fatally wounded patient (...) coming twice to his house daily to dress his wounds personally..." Image File history File links Sureshsarbadhikari01. ... Image File history File links Sureshsarbadhikari01. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Nadia may refer to: Nadia Beltei, (born April 12, 1982) is a Canadian abstract artist and member of Federation of Canadian Artists and EBSQ Nadia Comaneci, famous Transylvanian-born gymnast Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water, an anime by Gainax Nadia District, in the West Bengal state of India A... Jhenaidah is a district in South-western Bangladesh. ...

After passing the Entrance examination in 1895, Jatin joined the Calcutta Central College (now Khudiram Bose College), for his First Arts. Soon he started visiting Swami Vivekananda, whose social thought, and especially his vision of a politically independent India, had a great influence on Jatin. As a mission from the monk, he raised a batch of volunteers to serve the miserable compatriots during famines, epidemics and floods, and running clubs for "man-making" in the context of a nation under foreign domination. He often joined Sister Nivedita, the Swami's Irish disciple, in this venture. In 1899, while working as the Barrister Kennedy's secretary at Muzaffarpur, Jatin realised how urgent it was to have an Indian National Army and to react against the British squandering Indian budget to safeguard their interests in China and elsewhere. In this context one can better appraise why Jatin's exemplary heroism inspired Dr Sarbadhikari's organisation of the Bengal Regiment sent to the Mesopotamian battle-field in 1916. ^[2] Swami Vivekananda (Bengali: স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ Shami Bibekanondo), whose pre-monastic name was Narendranath Dutta (নরেন্দ্রনাথ দত্ত Nôrendronath Dotto) (January 12, 1863 - July 4, 1902) was one of the most famous and influential spiritual leaders of the Vedanta philosophy. ... Margaret Elizabeth Noble (1867-1911), better known as Sister Nivedita, was a social worker, author, teacher and disciple of Swami Vivekananda. ...

In 1900, Jatin married Indubala Banerjee of Kumarkhali upazila in Kushtia; they had four children: Atindra (1903–1906), Ashalata (1907–1976), Tejendra (1909–1989), and Birendra (1913–1991). This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Revolutionary activities

According to J.E. Armstrong, Superintendent of Police, Jatin "owed his preeminent position in revolutionary circles not only to his quality of leadership, but in great measure to his reputation of being a Brahmachari with no thought beyond the revolutionary cause." ^[3] Several similar sources mention Jatin as being among the founders of the Anushilan Samiti in 1900, and as a pioneer in creating its branches in the districts. According to Daly's Report : "A secret meeting was held in Calcutta about the year 1900.(...) The meeting resolved to start secret societies with the object of assassinating officials and supporters of Government.(...) One of the first to flourish was at Kushtea, in the Nadia district. This was organised by one Jotindra Nath Mukherjee, a clerk in the Financial Department in the Bengal Secretariat..."^[4] Nixon reported further : "The earliest known attempts in Bengal to promote societies for political or semi-political ends are associated with the names of the late P. Mitter, Barrister-at-Law, Miss Saralabala Ghosal and a Japanese named Okakura. These activities commenced in Calcutta somewhere about the year 1900, and are said to have spread to many of the districts of Bengal and to have flourished particularly at Kushtia, where Jatindra Nath Mukharji was leader."^[5] Bhavabhushan Mitra's written notes precise his presence along with Jatindra Nath during the first meeting. A branch of this organisation (Anushilan Samiti), was to be inaugurated in Dacca. In 1903, on meeting Sri Aurobindo at Yogendra Vidyabhushan's place, Jatin decided to collaborate with him and is said to have added to his programme the clause of winning over the Indian soldiers of the British regiments in favour of an insurrection. W. Sealy in his report on "Connections with Bihar and Orissa" notes that Jatin Mukherjee "worked directly under the orders of Arabinda Ghosh."^[6] Brahmachari is a sacred word in India. ... Anushilan Samiti was the principal secret revolutionary organisation operating in Bengal in the first quarter of the 20th century. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Anushilan Samiti was the principal secret revolutionary organisation operating in Bengal in the first quarter of the 20th century. ... Dhaka (previously Dacca; Bangla: ঢাকা Đhaka; IPA: ) is the capital of Bangladesh and the Dhaka District. ... Sri Aurobindo Sri Aurobindo (Bangla: শ্রী অরবিন্দ Sri Ôrobindo, Sanskrit: श्री अरविन्द SrÄ« Aravinda) (August 15, 1872–December 5, 1950) was an Indian nationalist, freedom fighter, scholar, poet, mystic, evolutionary philosopher, yogi and guru [1]. His followers further believe that he was an avatar, an incarnation of the Absolute. ...

Jatin, together with Barindra Ghosh, set up a terrorist bomb factory near Deoghar, while Barin did the same at Maniktala in Calcutta; the aim, aside from the general production of terror, was the elimination of certain Indian and British officers serving the Crown. In 1908 Jatin was not one of over thirty revolutionaries accused in the Alipore bomb case following the Muzaffarpur bombing. Barindra Kumar Ghosh ,or,Barindra Ghosh,or,popularly,Barin Ghosh (1880-1959) was an Indian freedom fighter,revolutionary and journalist. ... Deoghar is the headquarter of Deoghar District of Jharkhand state, India. ... Manikatala is a district of northern Kolkata. ... The Alipore bomb case (or Alipore bomb conspiracy or Alipore bomb trial) was an important court trial in the history of the Indian Independence Movement. ... The fatu city of Muzaffarpur famous for Litchis (a fruit found only in a few locations in the world) is a vibrant city of North Bihar situated on the bank of Himalayan snow-fed perennial river Burhi Gandak. ...

Bagha Jatin in 1910

During the Alipore Bomb Case, Jatin took over the leadership of the Yugantar Party, and revitalised the links between the central organisation in Calcutta and its several branches spread all over Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and several places in U.P.^[7]. Through Justice Sarada Charan Mitra, Jatin leased from Sir Daniel Hamilton lands in the Sundarbans to shelter revolutionaries not yet arrested. They were engaged in night schools for adults, homeopathic dispensaries, workshops to encourage small scale cottage industries, experiments in agriculture. Since 1906, with the help of Sir Daniel, Jatin sent meritorious students abroad for higher studies as well as for learning military craft..^[8] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (471x675, 128 KB) Summary Bagha Jatin as under-trial Prisoner (Alipore Central Jail, 1910). ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (471x675, 128 KB) Summary Bagha Jatin as under-trial Prisoner (Alipore Central Jail, 1910). ... For other uses, see Bihar (disambiguation). ... Orissa   (Devanagari: उड़ीसा) (2001 provisional pop. ... Uttar Pradesh (Hindi: , Urdu: ‎, translation: Northern Province, IPA: ,  ), also popularly known by its abbreviation U.P. It is the most populous and fifth largest state in the Union of India. ...

The Howrah-Sibpur conspiracy case

On 24 January 1910, as part of a Yugantar campaign against those who had been responsible for the arrests and trials in the Alipore bomb case, Samsul Alam, the Deputy Superintendent of Police, was shot and killed by Biren Dutta Gupta on the stairs of the Calcutta High Court building. Jatin was arrested in connection with this murder, but was released and immediately re-arrested along with forty-six others in connection with the Howrah-Sibpur conspiracy case, popularly known as the Howrah Gang Case. January 24 is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ...

This case involved charges of waging war against the Crown and tampering with the loyalty of Indian soldiers, such as those belonging to the Jat Regiment posted in Fort William, and soldiers in Upper Indian Cantonments .^[9] While held in Howrah jail, awaiting trial, Jatin made contact with many fellow prisoners, prominent revolutionaries belonging to various groups operating in different parts of Bengal, who were all accused in the case. He was also informed by his emissaries abroad that very soon Germany was to declare war against England. He counted heavily on this war to organise an armed uprising among the Indian soldiers in various regiments.^[10] The Jat Regiment is an infantry regiment of the Indian Army. ... Fort William is a British Raj fort in the Indian city of Calcutta and was named after King William of Orange. ... Howrah (also spelled Haora) is an industrial city in West Bengal, India. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2005 est. ...

The Howrah-Sibpur conspiracy case failed because of lack of proper evidence, and of Jatin's policy of a loose decentralised organisation federating scores of regional units : as observed by F.C. Daly more than once: "The gang is a heterogeneous one, with several advisers and petty chiefs... From information we have on record we may divide the gang into four parts: (1) Gurus, (2) Influential supporters, (3) Leaders, (4) Members."^[11] J.C. Nixon's report is more explicit : "Although a separate name and a separate individuality have been given to these various parties in this account of them, and although such a distinction was probably observed amongst the minor members, it is very clear that the bigger figures were in close communication with one another and were frequently accepted members of two or more of these samitis. It may be taken that at some time these various parties were engaged in anarchical crime independently, although in their revolutionary aims and usually in their origins they were all very closely related." ^[12] Several observers pinpointed Jatin so accurately that the newly appointed Viceroy Lord Hardinge wrote more explicitly to Earl Crewe (H.M.'s Secretary of State for India): "As regards prosecution, I (...) deprecate the net being thrown so wide; as for example in the Howrah Gang case, where 47 persons are being prosecuted, of whom only one is, I believe, the real criminal. If a concentrated effort had been made to convict this one criminal, I think it would have had a better effect than the prosecution of 46 misguided youths."^[13]

A New Perspective

Jatin was acquitted in 1911 and released. Immediately, he suspended terrorism. This lull proved Jatin's full command of violence as an antidote, contrary to the Chauri Chaura fiasco after him. During the German Crown Prince's visit to Calcutta, Jatin met him and received a promise about arms supply.^[14] Having lost his government job, he started a contract business constructing the Jessore–Jhenaidah railway line. This provided with a valid pretext and an ample scope to move about on horse-back to consolidate not only the district units in Bengal, but also revitalise those in other provinces. Jatin with his family went on a pilgrimage, and at Hardwar visited Bholananda Giri who, approving fully Jatin's patriotic scheme, had given him spiritual instruction in 1906. He went on to Brindavan where he met Swami Niralamba (who, before becoming a sanyasi, had been Jatindra Nath Banerjee), a renowned revolutionary who continued preaching in North India Sri Aurobindo's doctrine of a revolution. Jessore is a district in south western region of Bangladesh. ... Jhenaidah is a district in South-western Bangladesh. ... For other uses of the word pilgrimage, see Pilgrimage (disambiguation). ... For the Indian town, see Haridwar Hardwar (sometimes stylized HardW[a]r or given the full name Hardwar: The Future Is Greedy) is a 1998 science fiction simulation computer game developed by the Software Refinery and published by Interplay and Gremlin Interactive. ... Vrindavana is the name of a mythic forest or forested region in Northern India, in which the Hindu deity Krishna spent his childhood. ... Sanyasa (pronounced sanyaas) symbolises the conception of the mystic life in Hinduism where a person is now integrated into the spiritual world after wholly giving up material life. ...

Niralamba gave Jatin complementary information about and links to the units set up by him in Uttar Pradesh and the Punjab, revolutionary activities in these regions being led by Rash Behari Bose and Lala Hardayal. On return from his pilgrimage, Jatin started reorganising Yugantar. During the flooding of the Damodar mainly in the districts of Burdwan and Midnapore, relief work brought together the leaders of various of these groups, and they chose to work under Jatin and Rasbehari Bose as leaders in Bengal and northern India respectively. Punjab, 1903 Punjab Province, 1909 Punjab (meaning: Land of the five Rivers) (c. ... Rashbehari Bose (1885-1945) was a revolutionary leader against the British Raj in India and was one of the organisers of the Indian National Army. ... Lala Hardayal was an Indian freedom fighter. ... Damodar River in India Damodar (name of Krishna) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Bardhaman is a district town in West Bengal. ... Midnapore (also written as Medinipur and Midnapur. ...

There were also attempts to organise expatriate Indian revolutionaries in Europe (Virendranath Chattopadhyay) and the United States (Taraknath Das, G.D. Kumar, Surendramohan Bose); later, a Yugantar Ashram was set up by Har Dayal in San Francisco, California, and the Sikh community also became involved. When World War I broke out, European-based Indian revolutionaries met in Berlin in order to form the Indian Independence Party, and gained the support of the German government. Virendranath Chattopadhyaya Virendranath Chattopadhyaya alias Chatto (1880-1937 ?) was a prominent Bengali Indian revolutionary with a vast and varied international career directed against British imperialism. ... Taraknath Das or Tarak Nath Das(15 June, 1884-22 December 1958), anti-British Bengali Indian revolutionary who, as a pioneer in the west coast of North America and Canada, discussed his plans with Tolstoy, while organising the Asian Indian immigrants in favour of a freedom movement. ... Har Dayal (b. ... Nickname: The City by the Bay; Fog City Location of the City and County of San Francisco, California Coordinates: Country United States of America State California City-County San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom Area    - City 122 km²  (47 sq mi)  - Land 121. ... Sikhism (IPA: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ) is a religion that began in sixteenth century Northern India with the teachings of Nanak and nine successive human gurus. ... Berlin is the capital city and one of the sixteen states of the Federal Republic of Germany. ...

During World War I

In September 1914, an International Pro-India Committee was formed at Zurich. Later it was merged into a bigger body, the Berlin Committee, led by Chatto, alias Virendranath Chattopadhyaya, which had as members prominent Indian revolutionaries abroad, including the leaders of the Ghadar Party. Many members of the Gadhar party arrived in India, and joined the revolutionaries in an uprising inside India during World War I, with the help of arms, ammunition, and funds promised by the German government. Advised by Berlin, Ambassador Bernstorff arranged with Von Papen, his Military attaché, to send cargo consignments from California to the coast of the Bay of Bengal, via Far East. ^[15] Location within Switzerland   Zürich[?] (German pronunciation IPA: ; usually spelled Zurich in English) is the largest city in Switzerland (population: 366,145 in 2004; population of urban area: 1,091,732) and capital of the canton of Zürich. ... Virendranath Chattopadhyaya alias Chatto (1880-1937 ?) was a prominent Bengali Indian revolutionary with a vast and varied international career directed against British imperialism. ... The Ghadar Party was an organization founded by the Indians(mostly Punjabis, of the United States and Canada in June, 1913 with the aim to liberate India from British rule. ...

These efforts were directly connected with the Yugantar, under Jatin's leadership, in its planning and organising an armed revolt. Rasbehari Bose assumed the task of carrying out the plan in Uttar Pradesh and the Punjab. This international chain work conceived by Jatin came to be known as the German Plot, the Indo-German Conspiracy, or the Zimmermann Plan. Yugantar started to collect funds by organising a series of dacoities (armed robberies) known as "Taxicab dacoities" and "Boat dacoities". The word Dacoity is the anglicized South Asian version of the Indian word dakaethee which comes from dakoo which means armed robber. ...

As the police activities to prevent any uprising increased, eminent members of Yugantar suggested that Jatin should move to a safer place. Balasore on the Orissa coast was selected as a suitable place, as it was very near the spot where German arms were to be landed for the Indian rising. To facilitate transmission of information to Jatin, a business house under the name "Universal Emporium" was set up, as a branch of Harry & Sons in Calcutta, which had been created in order to keep contacts with revolutionaries abroad. Jatin therefore moved to a hideout outside Kaptipada village in the native state of Mayurbhanj, more than thirty miles away from Balasore. Balasore was an early trading port for British, French and Dutch ships in the early age of Enlightenment. ... Orissa   (Devanagari: उड़ीसा) (2001 provisional pop. ... Mayurbhanj is a district of Orissa, India that is situated in the northern part of the state of Orissa. ...

While Jatin stayed in Orissa, he sent Naren to Batavia, following instructions from Chatto, in order to make a deal with the German authorities concerning financial aid and the supply of arms. Categories: Stub | Indian politicians | 1887 births | 1954 deaths ... Look up Batavia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

The Czech Interlude

The plot leaked out through Czech revolutionaries who were in touch with their counterparts in the United States.^[16] In a recent article, (CSmagasín, Pravda orodu Kinských Zpátky nahlavni stránku (Srpen 2006), Ross Hedviček writes that in the beginning of World War I, in 1915, Emanuel Victor Voska organised the minority of Czech nationalists in USA into a network of counter- espionage, putting up to date the spying activity of the German and Austrian diplomats against USA and the allied powers. He described these events later in his book Spy and counter-spy (E.V. Voska & W. Irwin). And these were not merely minor deeds, most of them having had international impact and historic consequences. On the movement of liberation and independence of India, for example. Yes, perfectly so. Ross Hedviček justly claims that had E.V. Voska not interfered in this history, today nobody would have heard about Mahatma Gandhi and “the father of the Indian nation would have been Bagha Jatin.” Ross Hedviček says it briefly: Bagha Jatin wanted to free India from the British hold but he had the idea of allying against them with the Germans from whom he expected to receive arms and other helps. Voska learnt it through his network and, as pro-American, pro-British and anti-German, he spoke of it to T.G. Masaryk ^[17] This latter (…) rushed to keep the institutions informed about it. Thus, Voska transmitted it to Masaryk, Masaryk to the Americans, the Americans to the British. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Gujarati: , Hindi: , IAST: mohandās karamcand gāndhÄ«, IPA: ) (October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948) was a major political and spiritual leader of the Indian independence movement. ... Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, portrait by Josef JindÅ™ich Å echtl, 1918 A monument in Prague Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (IPA: ), sometimes called Thomas Masaryk in English, (March 7, 1850 - September 14, 1937) was a Czech statesman, sociologist and philosopher, who as the keenest advocate of Czechoslovak independence during World War I became...

Jatin's death

As soon as the information reached the British authorities, they alerted the police, particularly in the delta region of the Ganges, and sealed off all the sea approaches on the eastern coast from the Noakhali–Chittagong side to Orissa. Harry & Sons was raided and searched, and the police found a clue which led them to Kaptipada village, where Jatin was staying with Manoranjan Sengupta and Chittapriya Ray Chaudhuri; a unit of the Police Intelligence Department was dispatched to Balasore. Jatin was kept informed and was advised to leave his hiding place, but his insistence on taking Niren and Jatish with him delayed his departure by a few hours, by which time a large force of police, headed by top European officers from Calcutta and Balasore, reinforced by the army unit from Chandbali in Mayurbhanj State, had reached the neighbourhood. Jatin and his companions walked through the forests and hills of Mayurbhanj, and after two days reached Balasore Railway Station. Early morning on the Ganges The River Ganges (Ganga in Indian languages) (Devanagiri गंगा) is a major river in northern India. ... Noakhali is a district in South-eastern Bangladesh. ... Chittagong (Bengali: চট্টগ্রাম, Chôţţogram) is the major seaport and second largest city of Bangladesh. ... Mayurbhanj is a district of Orissa, India that is situated in the northern part of the state of Orissa. ...

The police had announced a reward for the capture of five fleeing "bandits", so the local villagers were also in pursuit. With occasional skirmishes, the revolutionaries, running through jungles and marshy land in torrential rain, finally took up position on September 9, 1915 in an improvised trench in undergrowth on a hillock at Chashakhand in Balasore. Chittapriya and his companions asked Jatin to leave and go to safety while they guarded the rear. Jatin refused to leave them, however. September 9 is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years). ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

The contingent of Government forces approached them in a pincers movement. A gunfight ensued, lasting seventy-five minutes, between the five revolutionaries armed with Mauser pistols and a large number of police and army armed with modern rifles. It ended with an unrecorded number of casualties on the Government side; on the revolutionary side, Chittapriya Ray Chaudhuri died, Jatin and Jatish were seriously wounded, and Manoranjan Sengupta and Niren were captured after their ammunition ran out. Bagha Jatin died, killed by police bullets, in Balasore hospital on 10 September 1915. And India had to wait for another thirty years to have her democracy, recalls Ross Hedviček, just as the present Czech Republic had to wait for thirty more years. Mahatma Gandhi was as yet in South Africa. T.G. Masaryk mentions all these facts in the English version of the Making of a State (…).^[18] Mauser is the common name of a German arms manufacturer, maker of a line of bolt-action rifles from the 1870s to present. ... September 10 is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years). ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

Debt to Jatin Mukherjee

Jatin was an ardent devotee of Swami Vivekananda. He used to explain his ideals in these words: "Amra morbo, jat jagbe" — "We shall die to awaken the nation".^[19] Even Charles Tegart, the Intelligence Chief and Police Commissioner of Bengal, paid a tribute to Jatin: "Though I had to do my duty, I have a great admiration for him. He died in an open fight."^[20] Later in life, Tegart admitted : "Their driving power (...) immense: if the army could be raised or the arms could reach an Indian port, the British would lose the War".^[21] Professor Amales Tripathi analysed the added dimensions revealed by the Howrah Case proceedings: acquire arms locally and abroad; raise a guerrilla; create a rising with Indian soldiers; Jatin Mukherjee's action helped improve (especially economically) the people's status. "He had indeed an ambitious dream."^[22] Sir Charles Augustus Tegart (1881 - 1946) was the second son of Reverend Joseph Poulter Tegart. ...

On learning of Jatin's death, M.N. Roy wrote: "I could not forget the injunction of the only man I ever obeyed almost blindly[...] JatinDa's heroic death [...] must be avenged. Only a year had passed since then. But in the meantime I had come to realise that I admired JatinDa because he personified, perhaps without himself knowing it, the best of mankind. The corollary to that realisation was that Jatinda's death would be avenged if I worked for the ideal of establishing a social order in which the best in man could be manifest."^[23] Categories: Stub | Indian politicians | 1887 births | 1954 deaths ...

Photo gallery

Bagha Jatin after the final battle. Balasore, 1915. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (610x712, 118 KB) Summary Bagha Jatin after the Battle (Balasore, 10 September 1915). ... Balasore was an early trading port for British, French and Dutch ships in the early age of Enlightenment. ...

Statue of Bagha Jatin near Victoria Memorial, Kolkata Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1083x1441, 708 KB)Statue of Bagha Jatin by the side of Victoria Memorial, Kolkata. ... The Victoria Memorial, located in Kolkata, India is a memorial of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom who also carried the title of Empress of India. ...   (IPA: [] Bengali: কলকাতা) (formerly  ) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. ...

Bagha Jatin at the age of 24, in Darjeeling, 1903 Image File history File links Download high resolution version (467x675, 122 KB) Summary Bagha Jatin at the age 24, Darjeeling, 1903. ... Darjeeling (Nepali: , Bangla: দার্জিলিং) is a town in the Indian state of West Bengal. ...

Indian commemorative postage stamp. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (974x887, 372 KB) Summary The first day cover of the Commemoration stamp on Jatindra Nath Mukherjee by India. ...

Notes

1. ^ Paribarik Katha and Durgotsav, by Lalitkumar Chatterjee, Jatin's uncle and revolutionary colleague
2. ^ Two Great Indian Revolutionaries by Uma Mukherjee
3. ^ Terrorism in Bengal, A Collection of Documents, Compiled and Edited by Amiya K. Samanta, Government of West Bengal, 1995, Vol. II, p.393.
4. ^ op. cit. Vol. I, p14.
5. ^ op. cit., Vol. II, p509.
6. ^ op. cit., Vol. V, p63.
7. ^ M.N. Roy's Memoirs p3
8. ^ First Spark of Revolution by Arun Chandra Guha, Orient LOngman, 1971, p161; biplabi jîbaner smriti by Jadugopal Mukhopadhyay, 1982 (2nd Ed.), pp282-283
9. ^ The major charge against Jatin Mukherjee and his party during the trial (1910–1911) was "conspiracy to wage war against the King-Emperor" and "tampering with the loyalty of the Indian soldiers" (mainly with the 10th Jats Regiment) (cf: Sedition Committee Report, 1918)
10. ^ Terrorism in Bengal Vol. II, p.591
11. ^ Terorism in Bengal Vol. I, p.60
12. ^ Terrorism in Bengal, Vol. II, p.522
13. ^ Hardinge Papers, Book 117, No.5, preserved at the Cambridge University Archives. Italics by BobClive.
14. ^ Nixon's Report in Terrorism in Bengal, Vol. II, p625
15. ^ England’s Indian Trouble The Berliner Tageblatt, 6 March 1914
16. ^ Spy and Counter-Spy by E.V. Voska and W. Irwin, pp98, 108, 120, 122–123, 126–127; The Making of a State by T.G. Masaryk, pp50, 221, 242; Indian Revolutionaries Abroad by A.C. Bose, pp232–233
17. ^ Tomáš Masaryk (1850-1937), the first President of the Czech Republic that he founded in 1918.
18. ^ http://mailgate.supereva.com/bit/bit.listserv.slovak-l/msg55026.html Z letopisu třetího odboje [Extract from theRecords of the Third Resistance] by Zora Dvořáková, Nakladatelství Hribal, Prague, ISBN 80-900-892-3-2.
19. ^ Biplaber padachinha by Bhupendrakumar Datta, 2nd ed., p74
20. ^ Samanta, op. cit., Vol. III, Introduction, p.viii
21. ^ Amales Tripathi, swadhinata samgram'e bharater jatiya congress (1885-1947), Ananda Publishers, 1991 (2nd Edition), pp77-78
22. ^ Tripathi, loc. cit. (italics by BobClive)
23. ^ M.N. Roy's Memoirs pp 35–36.

The Berliner Tageblatt was a newspaper founded by publisher Rudolf Mosse in Berlin and first brought out on January 1, 1872. ... March 6 is the 65th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (66th in Leap years). ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, portrait by Josef Jindřich Šechtl, 1918 Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (IPA: ), sometimes called Thomas Masaryk in English, (March 7, 1850 - September 14, 1937) was an advocate of Czechoslovak independence during WW I and became the first President of Czechoslovakia. ...

Sources and external links

• Bagha Jatin — from Banglapedia.
• Jatindranath Mukherjee — Bhupendrakumar Datta
• Great Indians
• Bhupendrakumar Datta, "Mukherjee, Jatindranath (1879–1915)" in Dictionary of National Biography volume III, ed. S.P. Sen (Calcutta: Institute of Historical Studies, 1974), pp 162–165
• Saga of Patriotism article on Bagha Jatin by Sadhu Prof. V. Rangarajan and R. Vivekanandan
• Bimanbehari Majumdar, Militant Nationalism in India, Calcutta, 1966, p.111, p.165
• W. Sealy, Connections with the Revolutionary Organisation in Bihar and Orissa, 1906–1916,
• Report classified as Home Polit-Proceedings A, March 1910, nos 33–40 (cf Sumit Sarkar, The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal, 1903-1908, New Delhi, 1977, p.376
• Sisirkumar Mitra, Resurgent ndia, Allied Publishers, 1963, p.367).
• J.C. Ker, ICS, Political Trouble in India, a Confidential Report, Delhi, 1973 (repr.), p.120. Also (i) "Taraknath Das" by William A. Ellis, 1819-1911, Montpellier, 1911, Vol. III, pp490-491, illustrated (with two of Tarak’s photos); (ii) "The Vermont Education of Taraknath Das : an Episode in British-American-Indian Relations" , Ronald Spector, in Proceedings of the Vermont Historical Society, Vol. 48, No 2, 1980, pp 88–95; (iii) Les origines intellectuelles du mouvement d'indépendance de l'Inde (1893-1918), by Prithwindra Mukherjee, PhD Thesis, University of Paris, 1986

• German Foreign Office Documents, 1914-18 (Microfilms in National Archives of India, New Delhi). Also, San Francisco Trial Report, 75 Volumes (India Office Library, UK) and Record Groups 49, 60, 85, and 118 (U.S. National Archives, Washington DC, and Federal Archives, San Bruno)
• Amales Tripathi, svâdhînatâ samgrâmé bhâratér jâtiya congress (1885-1947), Ananda Publishers Pr. Ltd, Kolkâtâ, 1991, 2nd edition, pp77-79
• Bagha Jatin by Prithwindra Mukherjee in Challenge : A Saga of India’s Struggle for Freedom, ed. Nisith Ranjan Ray et al, New Delhi, 1984, pp264-273
• Sedition Committee Report, 1918
• Bagha Jatin by Prithwindra Mukherjee, Dey’s Publishing, Calcutta, 2003 (4th Edition), 128p [in Bengali]
• Sâdhak Biplabi Jatîndranâth by Prithwindra Mukherjee, West Bengal State Book Board, Calcutta, 1990, 509p [in Bengali]

Indian Independence Movement
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