Reconstruction of Iraq is the term used for attempts to both improve upon and make repairs and improvements to the infrastructure of Iraq. The term is used both by the multinational forces, who invaded Iraq, as well as various western media outlets. The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... The term Western World or the West can have multiple meanings depending on its context. ... Mass media is a term used to denote, as a class, that section of the media specifically conceived and designed to reach a very large audience (typically at least as large as the whole population of a nation state). ...

Introduction

Iraq was governed, after the 2003 invasion, by the Coalition Provisional Authority and, after June 28, 2004 by a series of Iraq-led governments (see Politics of Iraq). During this period efforts were made to repair and replace damaged Iraqi infrastructure, including: water supply systems, sewage treatment plants, electricity production, hospitals and health clinics, schools, housing, and transportation systems. Reconstruction efforts have also encompassed the promotion of economic development and government institutions such as the criminal justice system. The Seal of the CPA in Iraq The Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) was established as a transitional government following the invasion of Iraq by the United States, United Kingdom and the other members of the multinational coalition which was formed to oust the government of Saddam Hussein in 2003. ... Politics of Iraq takes place in a framework of a more or less federal parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Iraq is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ...

Much reconstruction work in Iraq has been carried out by the Iraqi people in their own communities using local resources. International assistance for Iraq reconstruction is the focus of this article. A major benchmark for international assistance was the Madrid Conference on Reconstruction held in Spain October 23-24, 2003 and attended by representative from over 25 nations. Funds assembled at this conference and from other sources have been administered by the United States, the United Nations and the World Bank. This assistance has primarily funded large-scale projects. While reconstruction efforts have produced many successes, problems have arisen with the implementation of internationally funded Iraq reconstruction efforts. These include inadequate security, pervasive corruption, insufficient funding and poor coordination among international agencies and local communities. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, and social equity. ... Logo of the World Bank The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD, in Romance languages: BIRD), better known as the World Bank, is an international organization whose original mission was to finance the reconstruction of nations devastated by WWII. Now, its mission has expanded to fight poverty by means...

Funding for Iraq Reconstruction

Funding of reconstruction efforts began with the creation of the Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund (IRRF) in April 2003. The IRRF is administered and funded by the United States. An initial allocation of $2.5 billion was made for immediate food, medicine and water relief. The Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund (IRRF) was established by the US congress in late 2003. ...

The “Madrid Conference on Reconstruction” held in Spain October 23-24, 2003 was organized by the United States to solicit donor pledges from the international community. About $33 billion in grants and loans were pledged. Of this, $18.4 billion was from the U.S. with another $5 billion from Japan, $812 million from the EU, $500 million from Kuwait and offers of loans from World Bank and the IMF amounting from $5.5 to $9.25 billion. Some countries pledged to reduce the debt that Iraq owed to them and to provide direct donations in forms such as food and fuel. The pledge by the United States was fulfilled in November 2003 by adding $18.4 billion to the IRRF.

Much of the non-U.S. pledged money is managed through two additional funds that have been created under the facilitation of the International Reconstruction Fund Facility for Iraq [3]. The funds are managed by the United Nations Development Group (UNDG) and by the World Bank. Twenty-six donor nations participate in this effort with total pledges, as of June, 30 2006, of $1.4 billion. The United States donates a small amount to these funds but does not control their disbursement.

As of December 30, 2005 the UNDG and World Bank Funds had expended about $0.51 billion and $0.39 billion, respectively. The United States managed IRRF had expended about $11.4 billion as of March 2006.

Assessing reconstruction needs

In preparation for the October 2003 Madrid Donor Conference, the joint United Nations/World Bank team conducted an assessment of funding needs for reconstruction in Iraq during the period 2004-2007. The resulting report ^[1] identified 14 sectors and associated funding needs as shown in the Table below.

Administration of Iraq Reconstruction

Funds for Iraq reconstruction are disbursed to Iraqi ministries, non-Iraqi government agencies and various non-governmental groups. These entities then supervise the acquisition of materials and reconstruction work which is conducted by both foreign and Iraqi contractors.

Funds held by the United Nations Development Group are disbursed through United Nations agencies such as the World Health Organization, UNICEF and the UN Development Program. These UN agencies directly contract with equipment suppliers and construction companies. Disbursement of funds by the UN began in June 2004. ^{[2] [3]} Funds held by the World Bank are disbursed directly to Iraqi government agencies including the Municipality of Baghdad and national ministries. Granting of funds to Iraqi agencies began in December 2004. ^[4]

Funds held by the US-operated Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund have been managed by a series of US agencies. Beginning in May 2003, the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) began oversight of reconstruction efforts in Iraq. Within the CPA the Project Management Office (PMO) was created to management reconstruction projects. Both the CPA and PMO were divisions of the US Department of Defense. On June 28, 2004, the CPA was dissolved and the Iraqi interim government took power. At this time, the management of reconstruction projects was transferred to the Iraq Reconstruction and Management Office (IRMO), a division of the US Department of State, and the Project and Contracting Office (PCO), a division of the Department of Defense, both under the oversight of the US State Department Mission to Baghdad. ^[5] On December 4, 2005 the PCO was merged with the US Army Corps of Engineers, Gulf Region Division. Since October 2004, contracting support for Iraq reconstruction has also been provided by the U.S. Army’s Joint Contracting Command-Iraq/Afghanistan. ^[6]. Other U.S. Government agencies, including the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and the State Department, have also issued contracts funded by the Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund. United States Army Corps of Engineers logo The United States Army Corps of Engineers, or USACE, is made up of some 34,600 civilian and 650 military men and women. ... USAID logo The United States Agency for International Development (or USAID) is the U.S. government organization responsible for most non-military foreign aid. ...

Funds from the US-operated IRRF are largely disbursed through contracts to private firms. Several US companies have been particularly prominent in receiving Iraq reconstruction funds. Bechtel of San Francisco, USA has been awarded over $2.4 billion for infrastructure rehabilitation through USAID contracts. Flour AMEC, LLC, Greenville, South Carolina, USA has been awarded nearly $1 billion for water, sewer of solid waste management systems. Parsons Corporation of Pasadena, California has been awarded $1.3 billion for construction services. Washington Group International of Boise, Idaho, USA has received awards of $580 million for water resource reconstruction projects. Kellogg, Brown and Root (KBR), a subsidiary of Haliburton of Houston, Texas has received awards of $580 million. Another $1.2 billion has been distributed to Iraqi contractors. The dollar figures provided here are as of July 2006. ^[7] Bechtel Corporation (Bechtel Group) is the largest engineering company in the United States. ... Washington Group International provides integrated engineering, construction and management services to businesses and governments around the world. ... KBR (formerly Kellogg, Brown and Root) is an American engineering and construction company, a private military contractor and a subsidiary of Halliburton. ... The name Haliburton may refer to a variety of things. ...

Progress of Iraq reconstruction

The implementation of Iraq reconstruction has been less than successful. Reconstruction efforts have been plagued by poor management, mishandling of reconstruction funds, inadequate coordination with Iraqis and widespread attacks on construction sites and contractors.^{[citation needed]} In October, 2004, the U.S. Congress created the Office of the Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction (SIGIR) which is charged with oversight of the use and potential misuse of the IRRF. The SIGIR conducts audits, investigations and inspections and issues quarterly reports to Congress. The SIGIR reports and U.S. Congressional testimony of Stuart Bowen, the Inspector General, are a primary source of information on the overall status of U.S. funded Iraq reconstruction. The rate of disbursement of funds administered by the United Nations and World Bank has been slow. Iraqi agencies and ministries are often unable to receive or process funds. Many United Nations agencies have had great difficulty operating in Iraq due to the poor security situation. On November 6 2003 the United States Congress created the appointed position Inspector General of the Coalition Provisional Authority. ...

Reprogramming reconstruction funds

The original allocation of IRRF funds to the various sectors has undergone a series of reassignments. These allocation changes have occurred in September and December, 2004 and March and December, 2005 and generally involved shifting money from water resources and sanitation and electricity sectors to meet security needs and to provide training and operating funds for facilities already rehabilitated under IRRF funding. The table below shows the changes that occurred in allocations (billions of $US) between September 2004 ^[8]and December 2005 ^[9]. While the administrative expenses are listed as separate category, an additional $0.60 billion, spread across sectors, was spent on administrative costs in fiscal years 2004 and 2005.

Reconstruction Gap

In October, 2005 the SIGIR introduced the concept of the “reconstruction gap” which was defined as the difference between the reconstruction planned and that which is actually delivered. As of February 2006, the SIGIR reported that only 36% of water sector projects originally planned will be completed and only 70% of the originally-planned electricity sector projects will be completed. This shortfall is attributed to IRRF reprogramming of funds from these sectors to meet security needs, poor cost estimates in the original reconstruction plan, increased material costs and lack of administrative oversight. Estimates of the funds required to close the reconstruction gap are difficult to obtain because there is inadequate information on the cost-to-complete projects already in progress. In addition to funds for reconstruction, SIGIR recommends that funds be allocated for sustaining the infrastructure that is reconstructed. Without funding for supplies, technicians and fuel, the facilties that have been completed may fall into disuse. ^[10]

Attacks on Construction Activities

Attacks, murders, bombings and armed vandalism are routine threats to reconstruction contractors. Since reconstruction began in March 2003, 575 death claims for contractors of all nationalities have been submitted under the Defense Base Act, according to the U.S. Department of Labor. ^[11] In addition, there have been thousands of insurance claims by construction workers for injuries sustained in attacks. It is believed that these figures are probably underreported, especially among Iraqi contractors. Intimidation of workers has delayed projects and reduced the availability of non-Iraqi expert technicians. It is estimated that 25% of reconstruction funds have been used to provide security to construction workers and job sites.

Attacks and vandalism have also affected completed projects including sabotage of oil pipelines and high-voltage electricity towers.

Corruption

It has been alleged that large amounts of American tax dollars and seized Iraqi revenues were lost by the CPA. One audit put the total number as high as $8.8 billion.[4] Fradulent contractors such as Philip Bloom often bribed CPA officials in exchange for contracts that were never performed. An article in the NY Times describes "irregularities including millions of reconstruction dollars stuffed casually into footlockers and filing cabinets, an American soldier in the Philippines who gambled away cash belonging to Iraq, and three Iraqis who plunged to their deaths in a rebuilt hospital elevator that had been improperly certified as safe."[5] While the US government has begun the process of prosecuting contractors that stole American tax dollars, the Iraqi government currently has no means of reacquiring Iraqi assets that were stolen by US contractors. This is partially due to a decree passed by the CPA that gives civilian contractors in Iraq immunity from all Iraqi jurisdiction.[6] For other meanings of CPA see CPA (disambiguation) Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) are accounting professionals of the United States who have passed the Uniform CPA exam, which was developed and is maintained by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), and have subsequently met additional state requirements for licensure... Philip Bloom is an American businessman who has been charged with bribery, and other crimes, during the occupation of Iraq by the Coalition Provisional Authority. ... The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ...

There was also much controversy surrounding the granting of no-bid contracts to large American corporations like Halliburton and Bechtel, both of which have made generous donations to President Bush and the Republican Party.[7] Halliburton in particular has been singled out for receiving what is perceived to be government favoritism for doing a shoddy job of rebuilding Iraq's oil infrastructure.[8] When the Pentagon's own auditors determined that about $263 million of a Halliburton subsidiary's costs were potentially excessive, the Army still paid the company all but $10.1 million of the disputed costs.[9] This article needs to be updated. ... Bechtel Corporation (Bechtel Group) is the largest engineering company in the United States. ... President Bush can refer to: George H. W. Bush (born 1924), the 41st President of the United States (1989–1993) and father of George W. Bush George W. Bush (born 1946), the 43rd President of the United States (2001–present) and son of George H. W. Bush crap you Category... GOP redirects here. ...

Some say that the reconstruction would have been both much more efficient and inexpensive if more contracts were granted to local Iraqi firms, many of whom were shut out of the process due to that fact that they were state-owned.[10] Congressman Henry Waxman was once told by members of the Iraqi governing council that paying Iraqi companies to rebuild Iraq instead of American ones would save American tax payers 90% of the costs.[11] Henry Arnold Waxman (born September 12, 1939) is an American politician. ...

According to a report released by CSIS in April 2003, Iraq's infrastructure is producing much less water, electricity, and oil than it was while Saddam was in power. The report lays much of the blame for this on corruption in the American occupation rather than insurgent sabotage.[12][13] The letters CSIS can stand for several things. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Social services

Main article: Economy of Iraq

This article or section needs to be updated. Parts of this article or section have been identified as no longer being up to date. Please update the article to reflect recent events, and remove this template when finished. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Image File history File links Current_event_marker. ...

Image File history File links Nuvola_apps_important. ...

Electricity

After overthrowing the previous Iraqi government, the coalition forces have sent aid to restore electric service knocked out during combat and also to change the pre-invasion distribution of electricity which had favored Baghdad over the rest of the country. The Associated Press says that electrical power generation and distribution, curtailed due to combat operations and sabotage, has been restored to above prewar levels. German firm Elbe Maschinenbau has signed an agreement to build three new power plants in Iraq, and three new ones have already been completed in the Anbar region.^{[citation needed]} Despite this reported improvements there are frequent disruptions to the electric grid in the country including incidents like the one on September 13, 2004 where nearly all power in the country was lost after an attack by insurgents.^{[citation needed]} The Associated Press, or AP, is an American news agency, the worlds largest such organization. ... September 13 is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years). ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Before the invasion, Saddam provided 20 hours per day of electricity to Baghdad and 4 to 8 hours outside of the capital. Brookings Institution says the November 2006 figures are 8.6 hours and 12.1 hours. [14]

Food

The World Food Program says that almost all Iraqis have been receiving enough food since June 2003, since the Coalition took over. The World Food Programme (WFP) is an agency of the United Nations which distributes food commodities to support development projects, to long-term refugees and displaced persons and as emergency food assistance in situations of natural and man-made disasters. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Water

Although the water supply has reached prewar levels in some provinces, aging and poorly maintained equipment combined with looting and vandalism leaves the drinking water system substandard. 157 wells are being constructed in Arbeel, Kirkuk, Al-Sulaymaniyah and Dhouk governorates, and several dams are being constructed across the country, including in Al-Sulaymaniyah governorate and the Western Desert. According to a U.N. survey taken in 2004, about 54% of Iraq has access to drinking water.[15]

However, conditions look to be improved. A new water canal has been constructed to supply clean water to Basrah and Thi Qar in April of 2006. [16] Location of Basra Basra (also known as Başrah or Basara; historically sometimes called Busra, Busrah, and early on Bassorah; Arabic: البصرة, Al-Basrah) is the second largest city of Iraq with an estimated population of about 1,377,000 in 2003. ...

Sewage

Untreated waste is polluting the Euphrates River, and many treatment plants require repair. More than 45 pipelines have exploded. The Euphrates (the traditional Greek name for the river, which is in Old Persian Ufrat, Aramaic Prâth/Frot, in Arabic الفرات, in Turkish Fırat and in ancient Assyrian language Pu-rat-tu) is the westernmost of the two great rivers that define...

Garbage

The first modern landfill in Iraqi history is currently being developed in southwest Baghdad, with the capacity to handle 2,230 cubic meters of waste per day.^{[citation needed]} USAID is helping to build a second landfill north of Baghdad, which will handle 5,000 cubic yards (6,300 m³) of waste per day. Both landfills will be built to international environmental standards and help clean the water and purify it better.^{[citation needed]}

Schools

All schools have reopened, including all 36 universities.

Media

Main article: Communications in Iraq

Iraqis now enjoy freedom of speech, with the one stipulation that there be no direct attempt to incite insurrection against the new government. ^{[citation needed]} This freedom is currently being exercised by the several hundred new newspapers that have sprung up since the fall of Saddam in April 2003. Television stations, both satellite (Al Fayhaa, etc.) and terrestrial (Al Sharqiya, Alhurra, etc.), and radio stations (Radio Dijla, etc.) broadcast freely, and no longer have their content dictated by the government.They have the freedom of the press and assembly now.^{[citation needed]} On April 3, 2003, Al Jazeera withdrew its journalists from the country, citing unreasonable interference by the Iraqi government. This article describes the communication infrastructure of Iraq. ... 2003 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December - → A timeline of events in the news for April 2003. ... Al Sharqiya (The Eastern One) is Iraqs first privately owned satellite channel. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Al Jazeera logo Al Jazeera (الجزيرة), meaning The Island or The (Arabian) Peninsula (whence also Algiers) is an Arabic television channel based in Qatar. ...

Jobs

Many Iraqis were left jobless by the collapse of the old government and by the war. An estimated 500,000 Iraqis were laid off by the CPA.[17] An American public works program was created to provide new jobs, and there are projects to attract foreign investment and to encourage local business development. According to the Gulf Daily News, the Iraq Project and Contracting Office employed 80,000 Iraqis each day in the early weeks of August 2003. 500 job sites have opened across Iraq, and 950 more are expected to open in early 2004. The Seal of the CPA in Iraq The Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) was established as a transitional government following the invasion of Iraq by the United States, United Kingdom and the other members of the multinational coalition which was formed to oust the government of Saddam Hussein in 2003. ...

Oil

Oil production still lags behind prewar levels, due in large part to continuing warfare and political instability.^{[citation needed]} The US has started to rebuild oil refineries that had been destroyed by Saddam Hussein's regime before its downfall.^{[citation needed]} Pumpjack pumping an oil well near Sarnia, Ontario Ignacy Łukasiewicz - inventor of the refining of kerosene from crude oil. ... Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majidida al-Tikriti (Arabic: ‎ [1]; born April 28, 1937[2]), was the President and dictator of Iraq from July 16, 1979 until April 9, 2003, when he was deposed during the United States-led 2003 invasion of Iraq. ...

The US "is counting on oil revenues to help pay for reconstruction of the country." (AP)^{[citation needed]} Some in the international community have expressed frustration of the Pentagon's refusal to award contracts to nations that opposed the war. [18] Numerous repair contracts have been awarded to Kellogg, Brown and Root (KBR), a Halliburton subsidiary.^{[citation needed]} KBR is a global engineering, technology, and services company. The Pentagon is the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, located at 48 N. Rotary Road, Arlington, Virginia 22211 (Map). ... KBR (formerly Kellogg, Brown and Root) is an American engineering and construction company, a private military contractor and a subsidiary of Halliburton. ... This article needs to be updated. ...

In mid-2004, the Iraqi Oil Ministry announced plans to dig 2,000 new oil wells in 2005, and to build four new oil refineries in central and southern Iraq. Average oil exports from Iraq in July, 2004 were estimated at 2.2 million barrels per day, a number which was expected to rise sharply by the end of 2004. ^{[citation needed]}

In late-2005, it was announced that oil production in Iraq had risen to 2.8 million barrels per day, with an estimated production of 3.7 million by the end of 2006. Hussain al-Shahristani, the Iraqi oil minister, said that "he expected output to rise to approximately 5 m barrels per day by 2010, increasing to 8 m bpd by 2012."[19] Dr. Hussain al-Shahristani is an Iraqi Shiite nuclear scientist. ...

Private sector development

A Private Sector Based Baghdad Renaissance Plan, is a 25-year scheme, designed by architect Hisham Ashkouri to transform 9 km² of silt deposits into an "an up-market commercial and residential neighborhood" astride the Tigris River in central Baghdad.[1][2]

Layout of City Nodes of Development for Baghdad Renaissance Plan, Hisham n. Ashkouri/ARCADD, Inc. shows the proposed plan, to be built on reclaimed alluvial land, and intended "to be self-sufficient, supporting its own growth as well as that of Baghdad", according to its designer.

The Parthenon on top of the Acropolis, Athens, Greece Architecture (from Latin, architectura and ultimately from Greek, αρχιτεκτων, a master builder, from αρχι- chief, leader and τεκτων, builder, carpenter) is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. ... Hisham N. Ashkouri Portrait Hisham N. Ashkouri (born August 15, 1948, Baghdad) is a Boston and New York-based architect. ... Alluvium is soil or sediments deposited by a river or other running water. ... The Tigris (Old Persian: Tigr, Syriac Aramaic: Deqlath, Arabic: دجلة, Dijla, Turkish: Dicle; biblical Hiddekil) is the eastern member of the pair of great rivers that define Mesopotamia, along with the Euphrates, which flows from the mountains of Anatolia through Iraq. ... Baghdad ( translit: ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate. ...

The Proposed Baghdad Renaissance Plan

Some private sector developments have also been proposed. One of these, The Proposed Baghdad Renaissance Plan [20], is a 25-year scheme, designed by architect Hisham N. Ashkouri to transform 9 km² of silt deposits into an "an up-market commercial and residential neighborhood" astride the Tigris River in central Baghdad, as well as nearby Tahrir Square. Tahrir Square was originally part of the central business district of baghdad, and Phase I of the plan focuses on the redevelopment of this area.[21] When finished, the "commerce, banking, medical, housing, broadcast and IT, exhibition, conventions and cultural centers" of which the plan is comprised would be occupied by up to one-half million people.[22] The project received encouragement by the U.S. Department of Commerce as well as other US and Middle East organizations. It is a vision for the future of Baghdad, Iraq and the region. A smaller-scale proposal of Dr. Ashkouri's is the Sindbad Hotel Complex and Conference Center[23], a high-rise hotel and movie theater complex which would be Baghdad's first skyscraper. The Parthenon on top of the Acropolis, Athens, Greece Architecture (from Latin, architectura and ultimately from Greek, αρχιτεκτων, a master builder, from αρχι- chief, leader and τεκτων, builder, carpenter) is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. ... Hisham N. Ashkouri Portrait Hisham N. Ashkouri (born August 15, 1948, Baghdad, Iraq) is a Boston and New York-based architect. ... Alluvium is soil or sediments deposited by a river or other running water. ... The Tigris (Old Persian: Tigr, Syriac Aramaic: Deqlath, Arabic: دجلة, Dijla, Turkish: Dicle; biblical Hiddekil) is the eastern member of the pair of great rivers that define Mesopotamia, along with the Euphrates, which flows from the mountains of Anatolia through Iraq. ... Baghdad ( translit: ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate. ... A Rendering of Tahrir Square, the first phase of the Baghdad Renaissance Plan. ... The United States Department of Commerce is a Cabinet department of the United States government concerned with promoting economic growth. ... Elevation Drawing of the Sindbad Hotel Complex and Conference Center. ...

See also

• History of Iraqi insurgency
• 2003 occupation of Iraq
• 2003 Iraq war timeline
• Development Fund for Iraq
• Post-invasion Iraq, 2003-2006
• New Iraqi Army
• Economy of Iraq

This is a history of the Iraqi insurgency. ... This article deals with the post-invasion period in Iraq and its occupation. ... Map of the events of the conflict This is the timeline of the 2003 Iraq war, principally the military actions and consequences of the US-led invasion. ... On May of 2003, following the Invasion of Iraq the Development Fund for Iraq was set up. ... Occupation zones in Iraq as of September 2003 The post-invasion period in Iraq followed the 2003 invasion of Iraq by a multinational coalition led by the United States, which overthrew the Baath Party government of Saddam Hussein. ... The Iraqi Army is a component of the Iraqi Security Forces tasked with assuming responsibility for all Iraqi land-based military operations following the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

References

1. ^ UN/World Bank Joint Iraq Needs Assessment October 2003
2. ^ UN Development Group Progress Report, Part 1, 11 May 2006
3. ^ UN Development Group Progress Report, Part 2, 11 May 2006
4. ^ World Bank Progress Report, 31 December 2005
5. ^ GAO Report to Congress: Rebuilding Iraq, July 2005
6. ^ Congressional Testimony of Asst. Sec. of the Army, Bolton, February 2006
7. ^ SIGIR Report to Congress July 30, 2006 Appendix H
8. ^ Report to Congress October 30, 2004 Table 8
9. ^ SIGIR Audit Report 06-004 April 28, 2006, Table 1
10. ^ SIGIR Report to Congress July 30, 2006 Appendix K
11. ^ SIGIR Report to Congress July 30, 2006 The Human Toll

Links to Iraq reconstruction agencies

• International Reconstruction Fund Facility for Iraq Updates on reconstruction activities by the United Nations and World Bank.
• U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Weekly updates on Iraq reconstruction.
• USAID Assistance to Iraq Homepage Updates and financial summaries on USAID managed reconstruction projects in Iraq.
• Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction Watchdog for fraud, waste, and abuse of U.S. funds intended for Iraq reconstruction. Quarterly updates and expenditure progress.
• Iraq Investment and Reconstruction Task Force (U.S. Dept. of Commmerce) Assistance to the private sector for reconstruction and business opportunities.
• International Committee of the Red Cross Operational updates for ICRC activities in Iraq.
• International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Updates on activities of the Iraqi Red Crescent Society.

External articles and references

• The Ground Truth Project -- A series of exclusive, in-depth interviews and other resources with Iraqis, aid workers, military personnel and others who have spent significant time working to rebuild Iraq from the inside.
• Defend America: U.S. Department of Defense News About the War on Terrorism
• Fact Sheet on Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs)
• * Kenneth M. Pollack, "After Saddam: Assessing the Reconstruction of Iraq". From foreignaffairs.org - author update, January 12, 2004.
• Iraq Analysis Economic Development Page Comprehensive information source listings on reconstruction of Iraq
• Dahar Jamail, "Iraq: The Devastation", AlterNet
• Iraq reconstruction funds missing
• Video Seminar on Iraq Coalition Politics: April 20, 2005, sponsored by the Program in Arms Control, Disarmament, and International Security at the University of Illinois.
• Bush vows no retreat in Iraq
• Baghdad Renaissance Plan
• UAE Investors Keen On Taking Part In Baghdad Renaissance Project
• Man With A Plan: Hisham Ashkouri
• Renaissance Plan In The News
• ARCADD, Inc.