A musical instrument that belongs to several near-eastern cultures.
Turkish Music
Bağlama, sometimes referred to as Saz or a member of Saz family, is the fundamental instrument in Turkish folk music. It is a string instrument consisting of 7 strings divided into groups of 2, 2 and 3. It is believed to be a synthesis of historical musical instruments in Central Asia and pre-Turkish Anatolia.
Greek Music
The greek bağlama or baglamas is different from the Turkish baglama from which it is derived. The baglama instrument travelled towards Greece where the instruments lent some characteristics to the bouzouki. The Greeks adapted the instruments, giving them staved backs and metal frets. A half_size version of the bouzouki gave a cursory nod to its roots, also called a baglama. The Greek baglama, has a small body, with a bowl, staved back. It was designed to be easily hidden.
For reasons why one might wish to hide a musical instrument, consult the history of Greece over the last hundred years, with particular reference to Rembetika (also called Rebetika), which was inspired by Turkish fasil music, derived from the Ottomanclassicalgenre.
The 'ud consists of a large soundbox connected to a short neck, features that give it its letters patent of nobility and distinguish it from the long-necked lute family (tanbur, saz, baglama, setar etc).
With al-Kindi and his successors, it was to reach the end of the instrument and become the string called hadd ('high') or the second zir.
This is done when the neck has few frets.) As the ancient 'ud did not have a two-octave compass, the appearance of the fifth string corresponded to the demands of a new system.
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