Coat of arms
Official language	Georgian
Capitals	Early Bagrationis: Artanuji, Kutaisi, "Golden age" : Tbilisi Breakaway branches: Tbilisi (Kingdom of Kartli); Gremi, Telavi (Kingdom of Kakheti); Kutaisi (Kingdom of Imereti)
Government	Monarchy
Preceding states	Principality of Kartli, Abkhazian Kingdom, Kakheti-Hereti, Emirate of Tbilisi
Succeeding state	Imperial Russia

The Bagrationi dynasty /bɑgɹɑtjɪaĦniː/ (Georgian: ბაგრატიონი, bagrationi, ბაგრატიონთა დინასტია, bagrationt'a dinastia) was a ruling family whose ascendancy in Georgia lasted from the early Middle Ages until the early 19th century. In modern usage, this royal line is frequently referred to as the Georgian Bagratids, a Hellenized form of their dynastic name. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... An official language is a language that is given a privileged legal status in a state, or other legally-defined territory. ... In politics, a capital (also called capital city or political capital — although the latter phrase has an alternative meaning based on an alternative meaning of capital) is the principal city or town associated with its government. ... Ardanuç is a district of Artvin Province of Turkey. ... Kutaisi (Georgian: ; ancient names: Aea/Aia, Kutatisi, Kutaïssi ) is Georgias second largest city in the western province of Imereti. ... Tbilisi (Georgian თბილისი ) is the capital city of the country of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura (Mtkvari) river, at . ... Kartli is the largest and most populated province of Eastern Georgia. ... This article or section is missing references or citation of sources. ... Categories: Caucasus geography stubs | Georgia (country) ... The Kingdom of Imereti was established in 1455 by a member of the house of Bagration when the Kingdom of Georgia was dissolved into rival kingdoms. ... Places where monarchies maintain rule appear in blue. ... Ancient countries of Caucasus: Armenia, Iberia, Colchis and Albania Iberia was a name given by the ancient Greeks and Romans to the ancient Georgian kingdom of Kartli (4th century BC-5th century AD) corresponding roughly to the eastern and southern parts of the present day Georgia. ... The Abkhazian Kingdom or the Kingdom of the Abkhazians refers to an early medieval feudal state in the Caucasus which lasted from the 780s until being united, through dynastic succession, with the Kingdom of the Georgians (see Tao-Klarjeti) in 1008. ... Categories: Caucasus geography stubs | Georgia (country) ... Hereti was a historic province in eastern Georgia. ... The Emirs of Tbilisi ruled over the parts of today’s eastern Georgia from their base in the city of Tbilisi (Tiflis), from 736 to 1080 (nominally to 1122). ... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... IPA may refer to: The International Phonetic Alphabet or India Pale Ale ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... ... Greek (, IPA - Hellenic) is an Indo-European language with a documented history of 3,500 years, the longest in the Indo-European family if the Anatolian languages are excluded. ...

The origin of the Bagrationi dynasty is disputed, as well as the time when they first appeared on Georgian soil. Traditional Georgian history writing begins the Bagrationi chronology in the 6th century and relates the family to earlier dynasties, though a version, more favored by modern Western scholars, has it that the Bagrationis descended from the late-8th-century Armenian refuge prince of the house of Bagratuni. Pictoral chronology of intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency Chronology is the science of locating events in time. ... This Buddhist stela from China, Northern Wei period, was built in the early 6th century. ... The term Western world or the West can have multiple meanings depending on its context. ... ...

The history of the dynasty is inextricably bound with that of Georgia. They began their rule, in the early 9th century, as presiding princes in historic southwestern Georgia and the adjacent Armeno-Georgian marchlands reconquered from Arabs. Subsequently they restored, in 888, the Georgian kingdom, which prospered from the 11th to the 13th century, bringing several regional polities under its control. This period of time, particularly the reigns of David IV (1089 - 1125) and his grand granddaughter Tamar (1184 - 1213), is celebrated as a "golden age" in the history of Georgia, the era of empire, military exploits, and remarkable achievements in culture. After the fragmentation of their unified feudal state in the late 15th century, the branches of the Bagrationi house ruled the three breakaway Georgian kingdoms – Kartli, Kakheti, and Imereti – until the Russian annexation in the early 19th century. The dynasty persisted as the Imperial Russian noble family until the 1917 February Revolution. The establishment of the Soviet rule in Georgia in 1921 forced many representatives of the family to relocate to Europe. One of the branches continues to this day to style themselves as the Royal House of Georgia. Age of the Caliphs The initial Islamic conquests (632-732) began with the death of Muhammad, were followed by a century of rapid Arab and Islamic expansion, and ended with the Battle of Tours—resulting in a vast Islamic empire and area of influence that stretched from India, across the... Events January 13: With the death of Charles the Fat, the Frankish kingdom is split again, and this time permanently. ... A fresco from Gelati Monastery depicting David the Builder holding his will and a model of the monastery David IV also known as David the Builder (Georgian: დავით აღმაშენებელი, Davit Ag(h)mashenebeli) (1073 – January 24, 1125), from the House of Bagrationi, was King of Georgia from (1089 to 1125). ... Events Northumbria divided by the Normans into the counties of Northumberland, County Durham, Yorkshire, Westmorland and Lancashire August 11, powerful Britain Coronation of Rama Varma Kulasekhara in Kerala Synod of Melfi under Pope Urban II imposes slavery on the wives of priests Palmyra destroyed by earthquake Byzantine conquest of Crete... Events May 23 - Lothair of Saxony becomes Holy Roman Emperor on the death of Henry V. War ends between Toulouse and Provence. ... Tamar as depicted on a mural from Vardzia monastery Tamar (1160-1213), from the House of Bagrationi, was Queen of the Kingdom of Georgia from 1184 to 1213. ... // Events Abbeville receives its commercial charter. ... Events September 12 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester defeats Peter II of Aragon, the king of Aragon at the Battle of Muret. ... The Golden Age by Pietro da Cortona. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... Kartli is the largest and most populated province of Eastern Georgia. ... Categories: Caucasus geography stubs | Georgia (country) ... Imereti is a historic province in Western Georgia, situated along the middle and upper reaches of the Rioni river. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Lords and Barons prove their Nobility by hanging their Banners and exposing their Coats-of-arms at the door of the Lodge of the Heralds. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... See Revolutions of 1848 in France for the February 1848 French revolution. ... State motto (Russian): Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Translated: Workers of the world, unite!) Capital Moscow Official language None; Russian (de facto) Government Federation of Soviet republics Area  - Total  - % water 1st before collapse 22,402,200 km² Approx. ... State motto: პროლეტარ ყველა ქვეყნისა, შეერთდით! Official language Georgian since 1978 Capital Tbilisi Chairman of the Supreme Council Zviad Gamsakhurdia (at independence) Established In the USSR:  - Since  - Until February 25, 1921 December 30, 1922 April 9, 1991 Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 10th in former Soviet Union 69,700 km² -- Population  - Total (1989)  - Density Ranked... 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... World map showing Europe Political map Europe is one of the seven continents of Earth which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiographic one, leading to various perspectives about Europes borders. ...

The dynasty has left behind a legacy that lasts in Georgia even in modern times. The qualities and symbols associated with the Bagrationi monarchy have been crucial in the making of the Georgian nation and the subsequent construction of national history. Their patronage of culture and learning has resulted in the most important works of Georgian art and literature.

Origins

Main article: Origin of the Bagratid dynasties

An earlier version of the Bagrationi family blazon. The Atlas of Georgia, by Prince Vakhushti, c. 1740s.

According to a family legend, taken down by the eleventh-century Georgian chronicler Sumbat Davitis-Dze,^[1] and supplied much later by Prince Vakhushti Bagrationi (1696 – 1757) with chronological data, the ancestors of the dynasty traced their descent to the biblical king and prophet David and came from Palestine around 530 AD. Tradition has it that of seven refuge brothers of the Davidic line, three of them settled in Armenia and the other four arrived in Kartli (a major Georgian region also known as Iberia of Classical authors) where they intermarried with the local ruling houses and acquired some lands in hereditary possession. One of the four brothers, Guaram (died in 532), allegedly gave an origin to a line subsequently called Bagrationi after his son Bagrat.^[2] A successor, Guaram, was installed as a presiding prince of Kartli under the Byzantine protectorate and bestowed, on this occasion, with the Byzantine court title of Kouropalates ^[3] in 575.^[4] Thus, according to this version, began the dynasty of the Bagratids, who ruled until 1801. ^[5] The Bagratid Dynasties – Bagratuni in Armenia and Bagrationi in Georgia – were the longest-reigning royal families in the Caucasus (and in Europe), starting as princely houses and attaining to the royal status in both countries in the 9th century. ... Vakhushti Bagrationi (1696-1757) was a great Georgian historian and geographer, as well as one of the founders of the Moscow State University. ... Sumbat Davitis-Dze, or Sumbat, son of David, in modern English transliteration, was the 11th-century Georgian chronicler who described in his The Life and Tale of the Bagratids the history of the Bagrationi Dynasty of Georgia from the beginnings until 1030/31. ... Vakhushti Bagrationi (1696-1757) was a great Georgian historian and geographer, as well as one of the founders of the Moscow State University. ... The year 1696 had the earliest equinoxes and solstices for 400 years in the Gregorian calendar, because this year is a leap year and the Gregorian calendar would have behaved like the Julian calendar since March 1500 had it have been in use that long. ... 1757 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The Gutenberg Bible owned by the United States Library of Congress The Bible (Hebrew: תנ״ך tanakh, Greek: η Βίβλος hÄ“ biblos) (sometimes The Holy Bible, The Book, Work of God, The Word, The Good Book or Scripture), from Greek (τα) βίβλια, (ta) biblia, (the) books, is the name used by Jews and Christians for their... The Kingdom of Israel Hebrew: מַלְכוּת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Standard Hebrew Malḫut Yisraʼel, Tiberian Hebrew Malḵûṯ YiÅ›rāʼēl) was the Kingdom proclaimed by the Israelite nation around 1030-1020 BCE. // Biblical Account of Israels Origins According to the Biblical account, Israel is descended from Hebrew slaves who left the Land... A prophet is a person who has directly encountered God, of whose intentions he can then speak. ... David and Goliath by Caravaggio, c. ... Palestine (Hebrew: ארץ ישראל Eretz Israel, Arabic: فلسطين FilastÄ«n or FalastÄ«n, see also Land of Israel) is one of many historical names for the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the banks of the Jordan River, plus various adjoining lands to the east and south. ... Events September 22 - Pope Boniface II is elected to succeed Pope Felix IV December 15 - Justinian selects a second commission to excerpt and codify the writings of the jurists on Roman Law. ... Dionysius Exiguus invented Anno Domini years to date Easter. ... Davidic line, (also Davidic Kingdom or Davidic dynasty), known in Hebrew as Malchut Beit David (Monarchy [of the] House [of] David) refers to the tracing of royal lineage by kings and major leaders in Jewish history to the Biblical King David in Judaism. ... Kartli is the largest and most populated province of Eastern Georgia. ... Ancient countries of Caucasus: Armenia, Iberia, Colchis and Albania Iberia was a name given by the ancient Greeks and Romans to the ancient Georgian kingdom of Kartli (4th century BC-5th century AD) corresponding roughly to the eastern and southern parts of the present day Georgia. ... It has been suggested that Greco-Roman be merged into this article or section. ... Events First year in which Anno Domini calendar is actually used for numbering (in Dionysius Exiguuss treatise) January 11 - Nika riots in Constantinople; the cathedral is destroyed. ... Guaram I was a presiding prince and kourapalates of Iberia/Kartli for the Byzantine Emperor from 588 to c. ... Byzantine Empire (Greek: Βυζαντινή Αυτοκρατορία) is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... The Byzantine Empire had a complex system of aristocracy and bureaucracy. ... Events June 2 - Benedict succeeds John III as Pope The Kingdom of East Anglia founded by the Angle groups North Folk and South Folk, naming the places of Norfolk and Suffolk, respectively. ...

A flag of Vakhtang VI of Kartli (1716 - 1724), depicting King David in the center.

This tradition had been given a general acceptance until the early 20th century. ^[6] While the Jewish origin, let alone the biblical descent of the Bagratids, has been largely discounted by modern scholarship, the issue of their origin still remains controversial. Several Soviet-era historians of Georgia developed a view summarized by N. Berdzenishvili and et al in their standard reference book on the history of Georgia: Vakhtang VI Vakhtang VI (Georgian: ვახტანგ VI), also known as Vakhtang the Scholar and Vakhtang the Lawgiver, (September 15, 1675 – Astrakhan, March 26, 1737) was a wali of Kartli, eastern Georgia, as a nominal vassal to the Persian shah from 1716 to 1724. ... // Events August 5 - In the Battle of Peterwardein 40. ... Events January 14 - King Philip V of Spain abdicates the throne February 20 - The premiere of Giulio Cesare, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel, takes place in London June 23 - Treaty of Constantinople signed. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... The word Jew (Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination of these attributes. ... State motto (Russian): Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Translated: Workers of the world, unite!) Capital Moscow Official language None; Russian (de facto) Government Federation of Soviet republics Area  - Total  - % water 1st before collapse 22,402,200 km² Approx. ... Nikoloz Berdzenishvili (1895-1965) was a Georgian historian who served as a Vice President of the Georgian Academy of Sciences from 1951 to 1957 and chaired the Department of History at Tbilisi State University from 1946 to 1956. ...

"The illustrious dynasty of the Bagrationi originated in the most ancient Georgian district – Speri (today İspir).^[7] Through their farsighted, flexible policies, the Bagrationi achieved great influence from the sixth through eighth centuries. One of their branches moved out to Armenia, the other to Kartli, and both won for themselves the dominant position among the other rulers of Transcaucasia." ^[8]

The Bagratid domains in Tao-Klarjeti, c. 780-1000

Many modern scholars, however, argue the above version, referring to a more complex analysis of primary Armenian and Georgian sources. A genealogical scheme per Cyril Toumanoff is, by far, the most accepted in Western scholarly literature. It affirms that the Georgian Bagratids branched out of the Armenian Bagratid dynasty in the person of Adarnase, whose father Vasak (son of Ashot III the Blind, presiding prince of Armenia from 732 to 748) passed to Kartli following an abortive uprising against Arab rule in 772. Adarnase’s son, Ashot I, attained to the principate of Kartli in 813 and thus founded the last royal house of Georgia. Accordingly, the legend of Davidic origin of the Georgian Bagratids was a further development of the earlier claim entertained by the Armenian dynasty and their apologist Moses of Khorene.^[9] Once the Georgian branch, who had quickly acculturated in the new environment,^[10] assumed royal power, the myth of their biblical origin helped to assert their legitimacy and emerged as a main ideological pillar of the millennium-long Bagrationi rule in Georgia.^[11] Sper or Speri was an ancient Georgian principality. ... Ä°spir is a district of Erzurum Province of Turkey. ... Tao-Klarjeti is the term conventionally used in modern history writing to describe the historic south-western Georgian principalities, now forming part of north-eastern Turkey and divided among the provinces of Erzurum, Artvin, Ardahan and Kars. ... Prince Cyril Toumanoff (1913 – 1997) was a Russian-born historian and genealogist of Armeno-Georgian descent specialized in the history of Armenia and Georgia. ... ... Ashot III the Blind of the Bagratuni dynasty was a presiding prince of Armenia for the Caliph from 732 to 748. ... Events October 10 - Battle of Tours: Near Poitiers, France, leader of the Franks Charles Martel and his men, defeat a large army of Moors, stopping the Muslims from spreading into Western Europe. ... Events January - An earthquake strikes the Middle East from northern Egypt to northwestern Mesopotamia, destroying many remnants of Byzantine culture. ... Events Pope Adrian I succeeds Pope Stephen IV. Adrian I turns to Charlemagne for support against king Desiderius of the Lombards. ... Ashot I Kuropalates (end of the 8th cent. ... Events June 22 - Byzantine Emperor Michael I is defeated in a war against the Bulgarians. ... Moses of Chorene was an Armenian scholar, who lived in the fifth century. ...

Although certain, generation by generation, history of the Bagrationi dynasty begins only in the late 8th century, C. Toumanoff has demonstrated that the first Georgian branch of the Bagratids may be traced back as far as the second century A.D., when we hear them ruling over the princedom of Odzrkhe in what is now southern Georgia.^[12] The Odzrkhe line, known in the medieval annals as the Bivritianis, lasted until the 5th century AD and they cannot be considered as the direct ancestors of the later Bagratids who eventually restored Georgian royal authority.^[13] Odzrkhe or Odzrakhe was a historic fortified town and the surrounding area in what is now Samtskhe-Javakheti region, southern Georgia. ...

History

Early Bagrationi dynasty

David IV of Georgia

The Bagrationi family grew in prominence by the time when Georgian monarchy (Caucasian Iberia) had already fallen to the Sassanid Persian Empire in the sixth century, and the leading local princely families were exhausted by the Arab attacks. The raise of the new dyansty was made possible by the extinction of the Guaramids and the near-extinction of the Chosroids,^[14] the two earlier Georgian dynasties, with whom the Bagratids extensively intermarried, and also by the Abbasid preoccupation with their own civil wars and the conflict with the Byzantine Empire. Although the harsh Arab rule did not afforded them a foothold in the ancient capital of Tbilisi and eastern Kartli, the Bagratids successfully maintained their initial domain in Klarjeti and Samtskhe and, under the Byzantine protectorate, extending their possessions southward into the northwestern Armenian marches to form a large polity conventionally known in modern history writing as Tao-Klarjeti after its two major provinces. In 813, the new dynasty acquired, with Ashot I, the hereditary title of presiding prince (erismtavari) of Kartli, to which the emperor attached the title of kourapalates.^[15] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (306x714, 61 KB) This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years or less. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (306x714, 61 KB) This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years or less. ... A fresco from Gelati Monastery depicting David the Builder holding his will and a model of the monastery David IV also known as David the Builder (Georgian: დავით აღმაშენებელი, Davit Ag(h)mashenebeli) (1073 – January 24, 1125), from the House of Bagrationi, was King of Georgia from (1089 to 1125). ... Ancient countries of Caucasus: Armenia, Iberia, Colchis and Albania Iberia was a name given by the ancient Greeks and Romans to the ancient Georgian kingdom of Kartli (4th century BC-5th century AD) corresponding roughly to the eastern and southern parts of the present day Georgia. ... The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Empire (in Persian: Sasanian) is the name used for the forth Iranian dynasty, and the second Persian Empire (226 - 651). ... The Arabs (Arabic: عرب ) are a large and heterogeneous ethnic group found throughout the Middle East and North Africa. ... Abbasid provinces during the caliphate of Harun al-Rashid Abbasid was the dynastic name generally given to the caliphs of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the Muslim empire, that overthrew the Umayyid caliphs. ... Byzantine Empire (Greek: Βυζαντινή Αυτοκρατορία) is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... Tbilisi (Georgian თბილისი ) is the capital city of the country of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura (Mtkvari) river, at . ... In Georgian history, Tao-Klarjeti is the term conventionally used to describe the area in what is now the northeastern Turkey (particularly its Artvin province), which includes the historic Georgian provinces of Tao, Klarjeti, Shavsheti (Šavšat), Kola (Kogh), Artaani (Artahan), Erusheti and also several lesser Georgian-Armenian marchlands. ... Samtskhe-Javakheti is a region in southern Georgia, with Akhaltsikhe as its capital. ... Tao-Klarjeti is the term conventionally used in modern history writing to describe the historic south-western Georgian principalities, now forming part of north-eastern Turkey and divided among the provinces of Erzurum, Artvin, Ardahan and Kars. ... Events June 22 - Byzantine Emperor Michael I is defeated in a war against the Bulgarians. ... Ashot I Kuropalates (end of the 8th cent. ... This is a list of Byzantine Emperors. ...

Despite the revitalization of the monarchy, Georgian lands remained divided among rival authorities, with Tbilisi remaining in the Arab hands. The sons and grandsons of Ashot I established three separate branches – the lines of Kartli, Tao, and Klarjeti – frequently struggling with each other and with the neighboring rulers. The Kartli line prevailed; in 888, with Adarnase I, it restored the indigenous Georgian royal authority dormant from 580.^[16] His descendant Bagrat III was able to gather his inheritance in both Tao-Klarjeti and Abkhazian Kingdom, due largely to the diplomacy and conquests of his energetic foster-father David III of Tao. The Emirs of Tbilisi ruled over the parts of today’s eastern Georgia from their base in the city of Tbilisi (Tiflis), from 736 to 1080 (nominally to 1122). ... Events January 13: With the death of Charles the Fat, the Frankish kingdom is split again, and this time permanently. ... Events Around this time, the historian Jordanes writes several books. ... Bagrat III (ca. ... The Abkhazian Kingdom or the Kingdom of the Abkhazians refers to an early medieval feudal state in the Caucasus which lasted from the 780s until being united, through dynastic succession, with the Kingdom of the Georgians (see Tao-Klarjeti) in 1008. ...

Queen Tamar of Georgia and his father George III

This unified monarchy maintained its precarious independence from the Byzantine and Seljuk empires throughout the 11th century, and flourished under David IV the Builder (1089 – 1125), who repelled the Seljuk attacks and essentially completed the unification of Georgia with the reconquest of Tbilisi in 1122. With the decline of the Byzantine power and the dissolution of the Great Seljuk Empire, Georgia became one of the most preeminent nations of the Christian East, her pan-Caucasian empire^[17] stretching, at its largest extent, from North Caucasus to northern Iran, and eastwards into Asia Minor. In spite of repeated occasions of dynastic strife, the kingdom continued to prosper during the reigns of Demetrios I (1125 - 1156), George III (1156 - 1184), and especially, his daughter Tamar (1184 - 1213). With the death of George III the main male line went extinct and the dynasty was continued by the marriage of Queen Tamar with the Alan prince David Soslan of the alleged Bagratid descent.^[18] Tamar as depicted on a mural from Vardzia monastery Tamar (1160-1213), from the House of Bagrationi, was Queen of the Kingdom of Georgia from 1184 to 1213. ... Giorgi III Giorgi III (გიორგი III) (d. ... The Seljuk coat of arms was a double headed eagle The Seljuk Turks (also Seldjuk, Seldjuq, Seljuq; in modern Turkish Selçuklular; in Persian سلجوقيان SaljÅ«qiyān; in Arabic سلجوق SaljÅ«q, or السلاجقة al-Salājiqa) were a major branch of the Oghuz Turks and a dynasty that ruled parts of... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. ... A fresco from Gelati Monastery depicting David the Builder holding his will and a model of the monastery David IV also known as David the Builder (Georgian: დავით აღმაშენებელი, Davit Ag(h)mashenebeli) (1073 – January 24, 1125), from the House of Bagrationi, was King of Georgia from (1089 to 1125). ... Events Northumbria divided by the Normans into the counties of Northumberland, County Durham, Yorkshire, Westmorland and Lancashire August 11, powerful Britain Coronation of Rama Varma Kulasekhara in Kerala Synod of Melfi under Pope Urban II imposes slavery on the wives of priests Palmyra destroyed by earthquake Byzantine conquest of Crete... Events May 23 - Lothair of Saxony becomes Holy Roman Emperor on the death of Henry V. War ends between Toulouse and Provence. ... Events Resolution of Investiture Controversy in the Concordat of Worms Pierre Abélard writes Sic et Non Births Ben Lancaster, Gradutate, Dynamite dancer. ... It has been suggested that Eastern Church be merged into this article or section. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... The North Caucasus, also called Ciscaucasus, Forecaucasus, or Front Caucasus (Russian: ), is the northern part of the Caucasus region. ... Motto: Persian: Esteqlāl, āzādÄ«, jomhÅ«rÄ«-ye eslāmÄ« (English: Independence, freedom, (the) Islamic Republic) Anthem: SorÅ«d-e MellÄ«-e Īrān Capital Tehran Largest city Tehran Official language(s) Persian Government Islamic republic  - Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei  - President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Revolution Overthrew Mohammad Reza Pahlavi   - Declared... Anatolia (Greek: ανατολη anatole, rising of the sun or East; compare Orient and Levant, by popular etymology Turkish Anadolu to ana mother and dolu filled), also called by the Latin name of Asia Minor, is a region of Southwest Asia which corresponds today to the Asian portion of Turkey. ... Demetre I (დემეტრე I) (ca. ... Events May 23 - Lothair of Saxony becomes Holy Roman Emperor on the death of Henry V. War ends between Toulouse and Provence. ... Events Prince Yuriy Dolgorukiy fortifies Moscow, regarded as the date of the founding of the city Establishment of the Carmelite Order Hogen Rebellion in Japan January 20 - According to legend, freeholder Lalli slays English crusader Bishop Henry with an axe on the ice of the lake Köyliönjärvi... Giorgi III Giorgi III (გიორგი III) (d. ... // Events Abbeville receives its commercial charter. ... Tamar as depicted on a mural from Vardzia monastery Tamar (1160-1213), from the House of Bagrationi, was Queen of the Kingdom of Georgia from 1184 to 1213. ... Events September 12 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester defeats Peter II of Aragon, the king of Aragon at the Battle of Muret. ... The Alans, Alani, Alauni or Halani were an Iranian nomadic group among the Sarmatian people, warlike nomadic pastoralists of mixed backgrounds, who spoke an Iranian language and shared, in a broad sense, a common culture. ... David Soslan (Georgian: დავით სოსლანი) (d. ...

Downfall

Georgia at the peak of her might, c. 1184-1230

The invasions by the Khwarezmians in 1225 and the Mongols in 1236 terminated Georgia’s "golden age". The struggle against the Mongol rule created the state of diarchy, with an ambitious lateral branch of the Bagrationi dynasty holding sway over Imereti, western Georgia. There was a brief period of reunion and revival under George V the Brilliant (1299 – 1302, 1314 – 1346), but the eight onslaughts of the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur between 1386 and 1403 dealt great blow to the Georgian kingdom. Its unity was finally shattered and, by 1490/91, the once powerful monarchy finally fragmentized into three independent kingdoms – Kartli (central to eastern Georgia), Kakheti (eastern Georgia), and Imereti (western Georgia) – each led by the rival branches of the Bagrationi dynasty, and into five semi-independent principalities – Odishi (Mingrelia), Guria, Abkhazia, Svaneti, and Samtskhe – run by their own feudal clans. The Georgian rulers maintained their perilous autonomy during the three subsequent centuries of the Ottoman and Persian domination, sometimes acting nothing but mere puppets in the hands of their powerful suzerains. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1350x1205, 79 KB) Kingdom of Georgia under Queen Thamar, 12th century Copyright©2004 Andrew Andersen Source: Atlas of Conflicts File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1350x1205, 79 KB) Kingdom of Georgia under Queen Thamar, 12th century Copyright©2004 Andrew Andersen Source: Atlas of Conflicts File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The Khwarezmid Empire (also known as the Khwarezmian Empire) was a Muslim Iranian state in the 11th century in Khwarezmia that lasted until the Mongol invasion in 1220. ... Events Births Thomas Aquinas, Christian philosopher and theologian (d. ... Mongol Empires largest extent coloured in blue. ... // Events May 6 - Roger of Wendover, Benedictine monk and chronicler of St Albanss Abbey dies. ... The medieval kingdom of Georgia first clashed with the advancing Mongol armies in 1220. ... Diarchy (or dyarchy) is a society or an organization with two rulers on an equal standing. ... The Kingdom of Imereti was established in 1455 by a member of the house of Bagration when the Kingdom of Georgia was dissolved into rival kingdoms. ... Giorgi V the Brilliant George V, the “Brilliant” (Georgian: გიორგი V ბრწყინვალე, Giorgi V Brtskinvale; also translated as the Illustrious, or Magnificent) (born 1286 or 1289 – died 1346) was King of Georgia from 1299 to 1302 and again from 1314 until his death. ... Events Osman I declares the independence of the Ottoman Principality The County of Holland is annexed by the County of Hainaut April 1, 1299 Kings Towne on the River Hull granted city status by Royal Charter of King Edward I of England. ... Events July 11 - Battle of the Golden Spurs (Guldensporenslag in Dutch), major victory of Flanders over the French occupier. ... Events June 24 - Battle of Bannockburn. ... // Events Serbian Empire was proclaimed in Skopje by Dusan Silni, occupying much of the South-Eastern Europe Foundation of the University of Valladolid Foundation of Pembroke College, University of Cambridge August 26 Battle of Crecy after which Edward the Black Prince honored the bravery of John I, Count of Luxemburg... The Turco-Mongols were the aristocratic, nomadic horsemen who served as rulers and conquerors in the Turco-Persian society. ... Statue of Timur in Shahrisabz, Uzbekistan Timur (Chagatai: تیمور, iron) (also known as Temur, Taimur, Timur Lenk, Timur-i Leng, Temur-e Lang, Tamerlane, Tamburlaine, and Aqsaq Timur which translates to Timur the Lame, as he was lame after sustaining an injury to the leg as a child) (1336–February 1405... Events Battle of Sempach: Swiss safeguard independence from Habsburg rule End of reign of Poland by Capet-Anjou family. ... Events July 21 - Battle of Shrewsbury. ... Events Tirant Lo Blanc by Joanot Martorell, Martí Joan De Galba is published. ... // Events December 6 - King Charles VIII marries Anne de Bretagne, thus incorporating Brittany into the kingdom of France. ... Categories: Caucasus geography stubs | Georgia (country) ... Mingrelia (Samegrelo in Georgian) is a historic province in the western part of the republic of Georgia, formerly also known as Odishi. ... Guria is a region in Georgia (Caucasus), in the western part of the country, bordered by the eastern end of the Black Sea. ... The Principality of Abkhazia emerged as a separate feudal entity in the 15th-16th centuries, amid the civil wars in the Kingdom of Georgia that concluded with the dissolution of the unified Georgian monarchy. ... Svaneti (სვანეთი. Also known as Svanetia or Svania in Russian and Western languages) is a historic province in Georgia, in the northwestern part of the country. ... Samtskhe-Javakheti is a region in southern Georgia, with Akhaltsikhe as its capital. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Söğüt (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Ä°stanbul (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanl... The Persian Empire was a series of historical empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau. ...

Kingdoms and principalities of Georgia, c. 1762.

The line of Imereti, incessantly embroiled in civil wars, continued with many breaks in succession, and the kingdom was only relatively spared from the encroachments from its Ottoman overlords, while Kartli and Kakheti were subjected to numerous invasions by the Persians, whose efforts to annihilate the refractory vassal kingdoms went in vain, and the two eastern Georgian monarchies, though occasionally losing their independence in the course of their history, survived to be reunified, in 1762, under King Heraclius II, who united in his person both the Kakhetian and Kartlian lines, the latter represented by its junior branch of Mukhrani since 1658. 1762 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1762 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Erekle II of Kartli and Kakheti Erekle II (also Irakli) (1720-1798), Georgian king of the Bagrationi dynasty, ruled Kingdom of Kakheti in 1744-1762 and Kartl-Kakheti in 1762-1798. ... Events January 13 - Edward Sexby, who had plotted against Oliver Cromwell, dies in Tower of London February 6 - Swedish troops of Charles X Gustav of Sweden cross The Great Belt (Storebælt) in Denmark over frozen sea May 1 - Publication of Hydriotaphia, Urn Burial and The Garden of Cyrus by...

Last monarchs

King Heraclius II of Kartli and Kakheti

Having gained de facto independence from Persia, Heraclius II achieved a degree of stability in the country and established his political hegemony in eastern Transcaucasia. In the 1783 Treaty of Georgievsk, he placed his kingdom under the protection of Imperial Russia. The latter failed, however, to provide a timely help when the Persian ruler Agha Muhammad Khan Qajar attacked Tbilisi in 1795, due largely to the Georgian ties with Russia. After the death of Heraclius in 1798, his son and successor George XII renewed a request of protection from the tsar Paul I of Russia and urged him to interfere in a bitter dynastic feud among the numerous sons and grandsons of the late king Heraclius. The main content of the projected new treaty was to incorporate the kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti into the Russian Empire, preserving its native dynasty and a degree of internal autonomy. The negotiations were still in process,^[19] when Paul I signed a manifesto on December 18, 1800, declaring the direct annexation of Kartli-Kakheti to the Russian Empire.^[20] The document had been held in secret until the death of King George on December 28. His successor, David, was never confirmed by the Russian government as a king, however, and on September 12, 1801, the tsar Alexander I formally reaffirmed Paul’s determination, removing the dynasty from the Georgian throne.^[20] De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without... Transcaucasia is the name given to a region south of the Caucasus Mountains that covers Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Treaty of Georgievsk established the protectorate of the Russian Empire on the Kingdom of Kartl-Kakheti (in the eastern Georgia) and an alliance between the two countries in 1783. ... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... Agha Mohammad Khan by a European Engraver Agha Muhammad Khan (1742 - June 17, 1797) was the chief of a Turkic tribe, the Qajars. ... The Battle of Krtsanisi was fought between Persian and Georgian troops at the place of Krtsanisi near Tbilisi on September 8-September 11, 1795. ... 1795 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1798 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Look up Tsar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary For the US community of Czar, see Czar, West Virginia. ... Paul I of Russia by Vladimir Borovikovsky Paul I of Russia (Russian: ; Pavel Petrovich) (October 1, 1754–March 23, 1801) was an Emperor of Russia (1796–1801). ... A manifesto is a public declaration of principles and intentions, often political in nature. ... December 18 is the 352nd day of the year (353rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1800 (MDCCC) was an common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... December 28 is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 3 days remaining. ... David Bagrationi (Georgian: დავით ბაგრატიონი, Davit Bagrationi) also known as David the Regent (Georgian: დავით გამგებელი, Davit Gamgebeli) (1 July 1767, Tbilisi, Georgia, - 13 May 1819, St Petersburg, Russia), a Georgia prince (batonishvili), writer and scholar, was a regent of the Kingdom of Kartl-Kakheti, eastern Georgia, from December 28, 1800 to January 18... September 12 is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years). ... The Union Jack, flag of the newly formed United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... Aleksander I Pavlovich Romanov (Russian: Александр I Павлович) (December 23, 1777–December 1, 1825), was Emperor of Russia from March 23, 1801–December 1, 1825 and King of Poland from 1815–1825, as well as the first Grand Duke of Finland. ...

The reign of the house of Imereti came to an end less than a decade later. On April 25, 1804, the Imeretian king Solomon II, nominally an Ottoman vassal, was persuaded to conclude the Convention of Elaznauri with Russia, similar to the terms of the Treaty of Georgievsk. Yet the Russian forces dethroned Solomon on February 20, 1810. Defeated in a subsequent rebellion to regain the power, he died in exile in Trabzon, Ottoman Turkey, in 1815.^[21] April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (116th in leap years). ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Solomon II (1772-1815) was the last king of Imereti from 1789 to 1810 and the last Georgian ruler from the Bagrationi dynasty. ... February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Traditional Trabzon country house Location of Trabzon Province within Turkey Trabzon, formerly known as Trebizond or Τραπεζούντα (Trapezoúnda; see also List of traditional Greek place names) in Greek, is a city on the Black Sea coast of north-eastern Turkey (Lat (DMS) 41° 2 60N Long (DMS) 39° 43 37E). ... The Battle of New Orleans 1815 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

Bagrationis Today

The Bagrationi family left Georgia after the Red Army took over Tbilisi in 1921. Although the descendants of the last kings still live in Georgia, in 1942 Irakli Bagrationi-Mukhraneli, of the junior branch of the family, proclamed himself Head of the Royal House and founded “Georgian Traditionalist Union” throughout Europe. His second wife was the daughter of Italian Count Maria Antoaneta, who deceased in 1944. After that he remarried to the daughter of Spanish bourbon prince Infanta Maria-Mercedes. Nowadays, the Bagrationi-Mukhraneli family descendants live in Rome. Probably the purest^{[citation needed]} descendant of the family is Giorgi “Jorge” Bagrationi (born in 1941 in Rome, currently living in Spain). The short forms Red Army and RKKA refer to the Workers and Peasants Red Army, (in Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия - Raboche-Krestyanskaya Krasnaya Armiya), the armed forces first organized by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War in 1918. ... Tbilisi (Georgian თბილისი ) is the capital city of the country of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura (Mtkvari) river, at . ... 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... This article is about the year. ... World map showing Europe Political map Europe is one of the seven continents of Earth which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiographic one, leading to various perspectives about Europes borders. ... City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC (mythical), early 1st millennium BC (archaeological) Region Latium Area  - City Proper  1285 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 2,553,873 almost 4,300,000 1. ... City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC (mythical), early 1st millennium BC (archaeological) Region Latium Area  - City Proper  1285 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 2,553,873 almost 4,300,000 1. ...

See also

• List of Bagrationi rulers of Georgia

// Erismtavars of Kartli (575-605, 786-809) Guaram I Kurapalate became the Erismtavars (Grand Duke) of Kartli (Georgian: Kartlis Erismtavari) in 575. ...

Notes

Bagrat is a male name popular in Armenia and medieval Georgia. ... Justinian I depicted on one of the famous mosaics of the Basilica of San Vitale. ... Various governments have a Chancellor who serves as some form of junior or senior minister. ... Byzantine Empire (Greek: Βυζαντινή Αυτοκρατορία) is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... Vakhushti Bagrationi (1696-1757) was a great Georgian historian and geographer, as well as one of the founders of the Moscow State University. ... // Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 – Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected... May 22 is the 142nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (143rd in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Supporters contend that the Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1910-1911) represents the sum of human knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century; indeed, it was advertised as such. ... 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... The Georgians (ქართველი ერი (Kartveli Eri) or ქართველები (Kartvelebi) in the Georgian language) are a nation or an ethnic group, originating in the Caucasus. ... Sper was an old district of Armenia c. ... Tao-Klarjeti is the term conventionally used in modern history writing to describe the historic south-western Georgian principalities, now forming part of north-eastern Turkey and divided among the provinces of Erzurum, Artvin, Ardahan and Kars. ... Tayk In Armenian history writing, the term Tayk is often used as a pars pro toto for the historic northwest Armenian lands which are now located in north-eastern Turkey. ... 1913 advertisement for the 11th edition, with the slogan When in doubt — look it up in the Encyclopædia Britannica The Encyclopædia Britannica (properly spelled with æ, the ae-ligature) was first published in 1768–1771 as The Britannica was an important early English-language general encyclopedia and is still... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 25 is the 145th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (146th in leap years). ... Giorgi I (Georgian: გიორგი I) (998 or 1002 – August 16, 1027), of the House of Bagrationi, was the king of Georgia from 1014 until his death in 1027. ... Events February 14 - Pope Benedict VIII recognizes Henry of Bavaria as King of Germany July 29 - Battle of Kleidion: Basil II inflicts not only a decisive defeat on the Bulgarian army, but his subsequent savage treatment of 15,000 prisoners reportedly causes Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria to die of shock... Events March 26 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II Holy Roman Emperor. ... 1913 advertisement for the 11th edition, with the slogan When in doubt — look it up in the Encyclopædia Britannica The Encyclopædia Britannica (properly spelled with æ, the ae-ligature) was first published in 1768–1771 as The Britannica was an important early English-language general encyclopedia and is still... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... June 4 is the 155th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (156th in leap years), with 210 days remaining. ...

References

• Baddeley, JF, Gammer M (INT) (2003), The Russian Conquest of the Caucasus, Routledge (UK), ISBN 0700706348 (First published in 1908; 1999 edition, reprinted in 2003)
• Lang, DM (1957), The Last Years of the Georgian Monarchy: 1658-1832, New York: Columbia University Press.
• Rapp, SH (2003), Studies In Medieval Georgian Historiography: Early Texts And Eurasian Contexts, Peeters Bvba ISBN 9042913185.
• Suny, RG (1994), The Making of the Georgian Nation: 2nd edition, Indiana University Press, ISBN 0253209153.
• Toumanoff, C (1963), Studies in Christian Caucasian History, Washington: Georgetown University Press.

Further reading

• A. Khakhanov. "Histoire de la Georgie", Paris, 1900 (in French)
• A. Manvelichvili. "Histoire de la Georgie", Paris, 1951 (in French)
• A. Manvelishvili. "Russia and Georgia. 1801-1951", Vol. I, Paris, 1951 (in Georgian)
• K. Salia. "History of the Georgian Nation", Paris, 1983
• Kartlis Tskhovreba, vol. I-IV, Tbilisi, 1955-1973 (in Georgian)
• P. Ingorokva. Giorgi Merchule (a monograph), Tbilisi, 1954 (in Georgian)
• E. Takaishvili. "Georgian chronology and the beginning of the Bagratid rule in Georgia".- Georgica, London, v.I, 1935
• Sumbat Davitis dze. "Chronicle of the Bagration's of Tao-Klarjeti", with the investigation of Ekvtime Takaishvili, Tbilisi, 1949 (in Georgian)
• "Das Leben Kartlis", ubers. und herausgegeben von Gertrud Patch, Leipzig, 1985 (in German)
• V. Guchua, N. Shoshiashvili. "Bagration's".- Encyclopedia "Sakartvelo", vol.I, Tbilisi, 1997, pp. 318-319 (in Georgian)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Bagrationi

• Genealogy.eu - Genealogical account of the Bagratids per Bichikashvili-Ninidze-Peikrishvili
• Royal Ark - Genealogical account of the Bagratids per Prince Toumanoff