The Bahr Yussef (Arabic: بحر يوسف), which roughly translates from Arabic as the waterway of Joseph, is a canal which connects the Nile River with Fayyum in Egypt. This was originally in prehistoric times a natural offshoot of the Nile which created a lake to the west during high floods. Around 2300 BC, this was made into a canal by being widened and deepened by Amenemhat IV of the 12th dynasty to create Lake Moeris. The canal was built into the natural incline of the valley, creating a channel 15 km long and 5 m deep that sloped into the Fayyum depression. The canal was controlled by the Ha-Uar Dam, which was actually two dams that regulated the flow into the lake and out of the Nile. As the surrounding area changed at about 230 BC, the Bahr Yussef eventually became neglected, leaving most of Lake Moeris to dry up creating the depression that exists today and the modern province of Al Fayyum. Arabic (; , less formally, ) is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ... There is also Nile, a death metal band from South Carolina, USA. The Nile in Egypt Length 6 695 km Elevation of the source 1 134 m Average discharge 2 830 m³/s Area watershed 3 400 000 km² Origin Africa Mouth the Mediterranean Basin countries Uganda - Sudan - Egypt The... Al Fayyum is one of the governorates of Egypt located in the centre of the country. ... nomen or birth name Amenemhat IV was Pharaoh of Egypt, likely ruling between 1808 BC - 1799 BC. He served first as a junior coregent to Amenemhat III and completed the latters temples at Medinet Maadi. ... Known rulers, in the History of Egypt, for the Twelfth Dynasty. ... Lake Moeris was an ancient lake located in the Fayum depression, 80 km southwest of Cairo in Egypt. ...
The Bahr Yussef still exists today, feeding water northwards into the Birket Qarun, parallel with the Nile.
References
The Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow: An Introduction
Having an area of 490 mile² (1,270 km²), Al Fayyum is an oasis and a distinctive region in character between the main Nile Valley and other desert oases: its fields are watered by a channel of the Nile, the Bahr Yussef, as it drains into a desert depression to the west of the Nile Valley.
The Bahr Yussef veers west through a narrow neck of land north of Ihnasya, between the archaeological sites of Lahun and Gurob; it then branches out, providing rich agricultural land in the Fayyum basin, draining into the Fayyum lake, freshwater in prehistory, but now a large saltwater lake.
Differing from the typical oasis, whose fertility depends on water obtained from springs, the cultivated land in the Fayyum is formed of Nile mud brought down by the BahrYusuf.
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