Baitou Mountain
Elevation:	2,750 metres (9,022 feet)
Coordinates:	41°60′N 128°5′E
Location:	Jilin, (China) - North Korea
Type:	Stratovolcano
Last eruption:	1702
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese	白頭山
Simplified Chinese	白头山
Hanyu Pinyin	Báitóu shān (bai2 tou2 shan1)
Wade-Giles	Pai-t'ou shan
Korean name
Hangul	백두산
Hanja	白頭山
McCune-Reischauer	Paektusan
Revised Romanization	Baekdusan
Manchu name
Manchu	Golmin Šanggiyan Alin

Baitou Mountain, or Paektu Mountain, is a mountain on the border between China and North Korea, located at 42°00′24″N, 128°03′18″E. It is commonly called Changbai shan (長白山/长白山) in Chinese and the Manchu name Golmin Šanggiyan Alin corresponds to it. Baitoushan (Paektu-san} volcano - April 2003 image description here File links The following pages link to this file: Baitou Mountain Categories: NASA images ... For other uses of the word, see Elevation In geography, the elevation of a geographic location is its height above mean sea level (or possibly some other fixed point). ... This article is about longitude and latitude; see also UTM coordinate system Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (vertically) and longitude (horizontally); large version (pdf) The geographic (earth-mapping) coordinate system expresses every horizontal position on Earth by two of the three coordinates of a spherical coordinate system which... Jilin (Chinese: 吉林; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chi-lin; Postal System Pinyin: Kirin), is a province of the Peoples Republic of China located in the northeastern part of the country. ... Mountains can be characterized in several ways. ... Stratovolcano Lanín in the border between Argentina and Chile. ... Last eruption refers to the last volcanic event of a volcano. ... Events March 8 - William III died; Princess Anne Stuart becomes Queen Anne of England, Scotland and Ireland. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Pinyin (拼音, Pīnyīn) literally means join (together) sounds (a less literal translation being phoneticize, spell or transcription) in Chinese and usually refers to Hànyǔ Pīnyīn (汉语拼音, literal meaning: Han language pinyin), which is a system of romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration to roman script) for Standard Mandarin used in the... Wade-Giles, sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration) system for the Chinese language based on Mandarin. ... Hangul is the native alphabet used to write the Korean language, as opposed to the hanja system borrowed from China. ... Hanja, or hanmun, sometimes translated as Sino-Korean characters, are what Chinese characters (hanzi) are called in Korean. ... McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language romanization systems, along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which replaced (a modified) McCune-Reischauer as the official romanization system in South Korea in 2000. ... The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea. ... The Manchu language is a member of the Tungusic languages; it used to be the language of the Manchu, though now most Manchus speak Mandarin Chinese and there are fewer than 100 native speakers of Manchu out of a total of nearly 10 million ethnic Manchus. ... Mount McKinley in Alaska has one of the largest visible base-to-summit elevation differences anywhere For other uses of this term, see Mountain (disambiguation). ... The Manchu language is a member of the Tungusic languages; it used to be the language of the Manchu, though now most Manchus speak Mandarin Chinese and there are fewer than 100 native speakers of Manchu out of a total of nearly 10 million ethnic Manchus. ...

Geography

Location of Paektu-san / Baitou Mountain

The names Baitou shan and Paektu san both mean "white-headed mountain," and the mountain is the highest peak of the Changbai Mountains, standing at 2,750 m. It is also the highest mountain on Manchuria and the Korean peninsula. A crater lake called Tianchi (Korean: Ch'ŏnji/Cheonji) lies on the top of the mountain. The crater lake was probably created in 1597, when a recorded eruption took place. The lake itself has a circumference of 12 to 14 kilometres and it is sometimes said that it looks like a sea. The average depth of the crater lake is 213 metres, its maximum 384 metres. Water flows north out of the lake. Near the outlet there is a waterfall which is about 70 m high. From mid-October to mid-June the lake is covered with ice. The mountain is the source of the Songhua, Tumen (Tuman/Duman) and Yalu (Amnok) rivers. This map shows the location of Paektu-san (Baitou Mountain]] on the border between North Korea and China. ... This map shows the location of Paektu-san (Baitou Mountain]] on the border between North Korea and China. ... The Changbai (Changbaek) Mountains are a mountain range on the border between China and North Korea. ... Extent of Manchuria according to Definition 1 (dark red), Definition 3 (dark red + medium red) and Definition 4 (dark red + medium red + light red) Manchuria (Manchu: Manju, Simplified: 满洲; Traditional: 滿洲; Hanyu Pinyin: ) is a name given to a vast territorial region in northeast Asia. ... The Korean Peninsula is a peninsula in East Asia. ... This page describes the geological feature. ... Lake Tianchi (天池) is located within the Changbai Mountains of Jilin Province, in northeast China, not far from the North Korean border It has been recognized as the highest volcanic lake in the world. ... Events 17 January - A court case in Guildford recorded evidence that a certain plot of land was used for playing “kreckett” (i. ... The Songhua River (Chinese: 松花江; pinyin: ) is a river in Northeast China, and is the largest tributary of the Heilong River (Amur), flowing about 1,927 km from Changbai Mountains through the Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces. ... The Tuman River, or the Tumen River, is a river in northeast Asia, on the border between China and North Korea in its upper reaches, and between North Korea and Russia in its lower stretches. ... The Yalu (Amnok) River is a river on the border between China and North Korea. ...

The central section of the mountain rises about 3 mm every year. This is explained by rising levels of magma below the central part of the mountain. Magma is molten rock often located inside a magma chamber beneath the surface of the Earth. ...

Climate

The weather on the mountain can be very erratic. The annual average temperature is about -8.3 degrees Celsius. During summer, temperatures of about 18 degrees Celsius can be reached, and during winter temperatures can drop to -48 degrees Celsius.

Flora and fauna

There are five known species of plants in the lake on the peak, and some 168 were counted along the shores. The area is a known habitat for tigers, wild bears, leopards, wolves, and wild boars. Deer in the mountain forests, which cover the mountain up to about 2000 metres, are of the Paekdusan roe deer kind. Many wild birds such as black grouse, owls, or woodpecker are known to inhabit the area. Tigers (Panthera tigris) are mammals of the Felidae family and one of four big cats in the Panthera genus. ... Genera Ailuropoda Ursus Tremarctos Arctodus (extinct) A bear is a large mammal of the order Carnivora, family Ursidae. ... Binomial name Panthera pardus (Linnaeus, 1758) Leopards (Panthera pardus) are one of the four big cats of the genus Panthera. ... Wolf Wolf Man Mount Wolf Wolf Prizes Wolf Spider Wolf 424 Wolf 359 Wolf Point Wolf-herring Frank Wolf Friedrich Wolf Friedrich August Wolf Hugo Wolf Johannes Wolf Julius Wolf Max Franz Joseph Cornelius Wolf Maximilian Wolf Rudolf Wolf Thomas Wolf As Name Wolf Breidenbach Wolf Hirshorn Other The call... Binomial name Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 The Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) is the wild ancestor of the domesticated pig. ... Binomial name Capreolus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758) The Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) is a European and Asiatic deer of Britain and Europe and is found as far east as China and Siberia but is absent from Ireland, Portugal and Greece. ... Binomial name Tetrao tetrix (Linnaeus, 1758) The Black Grouse (Tetrao tetrix) is a large bird in the grouse family. ... For uses of the word Owl as a three letter acronym, see OWL. Families Strigidae Tytonidae An owl is any of some 220+ species of solitary, mainly nocturnal birds of prey in the order Strigiformes. ... Genera Jynx Picumnus Sasia Nesoctites Melanerpes Sphyrapicus Xiphidiopicus Campethera Geocolaptes Dendropicos Dendrocopos Picoides Veniliornis Piculus Colaptes Celeus Dryocopus Campephilus Picus Dinopium Chrysocolaptes Gecinulus Sapheopipo Blythipicus Reinwardtipicus Meiglyptes Hemicircus Mulleripicus Woodpeckers are near passerine birds of the order Piciformes. ...

History

The Paektu/ Baitou Mountain has been worshipped by surrounding people. Koreans and Manchurians alike consider it the place of their ancestral origin.

The Jurchen Jin Empire bestowed the title "the King Who Makes the Nation Prosperous and Answers with Miracles" (興國靈應王 Xingguo Lingying King) on the mountain god in 1172 and it was promoted to "the Emperor Who Cleared the Sky with Tremendous Sagehood" (開天宏聖帝 Kaitian Hongsheng Emperor) in 1193. During the Manchu Qing Dynasty, the Kangxi Emperor designated the Baitou Mountain as the legendary birthplace of the imperial family Aisin Gioro followed a survey although it is no longer supported. He set a forbidden zone around the mountain, although it was still in dispute whether it was part of Korea (Joseon) or China. In any case, the Qing Dynasty held annual rites for the mountain, as did the earlier Jin Dynasty. The Jurchens (Chinese: 女真, pinyin: nǚzhēn) were a Tungusic people who inhabited parts of Manchuria and northern Korea until the seventeenth century, when they became the Manchus. ... The Jin Dynasty (金 pinyin: JÄ«n 1115-1234; Anchu in Jurchen), also known as the Jurchen dynasty, was founded by the Wanyan (完顏 Wányán) clan of the Jurchen, the ancestors of the Manchus who established the Qing Dynasty some 500 years later. ... The Manchu (Manchu: Manju; Simplified Chinese: 满族; Traditional Chinese: 滿族; pinyin: ) are an ethnic group who originated in the dong bei or North East region consisting of Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang provinces, collectively known in English as Manchuria. ... The Qing Dynasty (Manchu: daicing gurun; Chinese: 清朝; pinyin: qÄ«ng cháo; Wade-Giles: ching chao), sometimes known as the Manchu Dynasty, was founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China, expanded into China proper and the surrounding territories of Inner Asia, establishing... This article needs cleanup, so as to conform to a higher standard. ... Aisin Gioro (Chinese: 愛新覺羅; pinyin: ixīn j o1) was the family name of the Manchu emperors of the Qing dynasty. ... Joseon or Chosun (Korean: ì¡°ì„ ; Hanja: 朝鮮; Revised: Joseon; McCune-Reischauer: Chosŏn; Chinese: CháoxiÇŽn; Japanese: Chōsen) is a name for Korea, as used in the following cases: As part of the name of several ancient kingdoms (including Gojoseon, Gija Joseon, and Wiman Joseon); During most of the Joseon...

Growing irritated over the continuous entry of Korean people into Gando, a region in Manchuria that lay between the Tomun and Yalu Rivers, the Kangxi Emperor decided to clarify the Manchu-Korean border. In 1712, Manchu and Korean officials built a monument describing the boundary at a watershed. The interpretation of the inscription caused a territorial dispute from the late 19th century to the early 20th century, and is still disputed by academic circles today.

Some Dangun cults associated the mountain with the Dangun myth, the foundation myth of the Korean people, in the 20th century and helped to make it a symbol of Korean nationalism. Dense forest around the mountain provided snug bases for communist guerrillas. North Korea claimed that Kim Il-Sung organized his resistance against the Japanese forces there and that Kim Jong-il was born there, although these claims are considered highly doubtful outside North Korea. Dangun is the mythical founder of Korea. ... Kim Il-sung (김일성) (15 April 1912 – 8 July 1994) was the leader of North Korea from its founding in 1948 until his death, when he was succeeded by his son Kim Jong-il. ... Kim Jong-il (born February 16, 1941) is Chairman of the National Defense Commission of the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (North Korea), Supreme Commander of the (North) Korean Peoples Army, and General Secretary of the Korean Workers Party (which has controlled the country since 1945). ...

Sightseeing

Tianchi/Cheonji Image File history File links Baitou_Mountain_Tianchi. ...	Cairns Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2592x1944, 1276 KB) 许多人来到长白山,在天池附近将石头堆成高高的一堆,以表示自己的祝愿。 Shizhao2005年8月拍摄 File links The following pages link to this file: Baitou Mountain ... A cairn to mark the way along a glacier A cairn is a manmade pile of stones. ...	Waterfall Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1944x2592, 1221 KB) 长白瀑布 Shizhao2005年8月拍摄 File links The following pages link to this file: Baitou Mountain ...	hot springs Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2592x1944, 1296 KB) 长白山上的温泉 Shizhao2005年8月拍摄 File links The following pages link to this file: Baitou Mountain ...
river Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1944x2592, 2480 KB) 长白山天池的水从长白瀑布落下后，向山下流去。 Shizhao2005年8月拍摄 File links The following pages link to this file: Baitou Mountain ...

There are a number of monuments on the North Korean side of the mountain. Paektu Spa is a natural spring and is used for bottled water. Pegae Hill is a famous camp site of the Korean People’s Revolutionary Army during their struggle against the Japanese colonial power. There are also a number of secret camps which are now open to the public. The Hyongje Falls are particular in that their water is split into two separate falls about a third from the top. There are numerous other water falls which are appreciated for their beauty.

Foreign visitors including South Koreans usually climb the mountain from the PRC side, although Paektu san is a common tourist destination for the few foreign tourists in North Korea. PRC is a common abbreviation for: Peoples Republic of China Palestinian Red Crescent Popular Resistance Committees This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

See also

• Geography of China
• Geography of North Korea
• List of mountains in Korea

China stretches some 5,000 kilometers across the East Asian landmass in an erratically changing configuration of broad plains, expansive deserts, and lofty mountain ranges, including vast areas of inhospitable terrain. ... Map of North Korea North Korea is located in eastern Asia, on the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. ... The following is a list of mountains in Korea: List of mountains in North Korea Paektu-san (백두산; 白頭山) - 2,750 m Kumgang-san (금강산; 金剛山) - 1,638 m Myohyang-san (묘향산; 妙香山) Chilbo-san Kuwol-san List of mountains in South Korea Halla-san (한라산; 漢拏山) - 1,950 m Chiri-san (지리산; 智異山) - 1,915 m Seorak-san (설악산; 雪岳山) - 1708...

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Baitou Mountain