Kermanshah is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. It is in the west of the country, bordering Iraq.Between 1979 and the 1990s, the province was known as Bakhtaran. province of Iran File links The following pages link to this file: Kermanshah Province Categories: GFDL images ... Iran consists of 30 provinces: Provinces are governed from a local center, mostly the largest local city. ... 1979 is a common year starting on Monday. ... Events and trends The 1990s are generally classified as having moved slightly away from the more conservative 1980s, but keeping the same mind-set. ...

Its capital Kermanshah is situated in 47° 4´ east longitude and 34° 18´ north latitude located in the middle of the western part of Iran .The population of the city is 690 000.

Because of the natural circumstances, this city is situated on the slopes of Koh-e Sefid, which is the most famous mountain in the suburb of Kemanshah. The length of this city is more than 10 km. Which runs alongside Sarab Rive and Valley. The height of Kermanshah city is 1420 meters above sea level.

The distance between Kermanshah and Tehran is 525 km. It is the trade center of rich agricultural region that produces grain, rice, vegetable, fruits, and oilseeds, and there are so many industrial centers, oil and sugar refineries, and cement, textile and flour factories, etc. The airport is located in north east of the city and the distance from Tehran is 413 km. by air.

History

Ardashir II is believed to be standing here in this relief at Taq-e Bostan.On his left is Ahura Mazda, on his right is Anahita, and below him is a mounted Persian knight.

Evidence indicated that this province has been the home of man since the Paleolithic and Neolithic age. Considering the historical monuments found in Kermanshah, it was very glorious in the Achaemenid and Sassanid eras and was highly regarded by the kings of those times. Download high resolution version (522x768, 309 KB)One of the oldest depictions of a Knight; from the Sassanide relief in Taq-i-Bostan, Iran. ... Download high resolution version (522x768, 309 KB)One of the oldest depictions of a Knight; from the Sassanide relief in Taq-i-Bostan, Iran. ... Ardashir II was king of Persia from 379-383. ... Kermanshah or Taq-i-Bustan , is located in western Iran , four miles north-East of Kermanshah. ... Ahura Mazda In the Zoroastrian faith, Ahura Mazda is abstract and transcendent. ... Anahita (or Nahid in Modern Persian), whose name means unstained or immaculate, was an ancient Persian deity. ... Achaemenid Empire The Achaemenid Dynasty was a dynasty in the ancient Persian Empire, including Cyrus II the Great, Darius I and Xerxes I. At the height of their power, the Achaemenid rulers of Persia ruled over territories roughly emcompassing some parts of todays Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon...

Kermanshah is one of the ancient cities of Iran and it is said that Tahmores Divband a mythical ruler of the Pishdadian had constructed it. Some attribute its constructions to Bahram IV of Sassanid dynasty, 4th century CE. During the reign of Hormizd IV and Khosrau I of Sassanids, Kermanshah was at the peak of its glory. And then became the secondary royal residence. Sassanid Empire at its greatest extent The Sassanid dynasty (also Sassanian) was the name given to the kings of Persia during the era of the second Persian Empire, from 224 until 651, when the last Sassanid shah, Yazdegerd III, lost a 14-year struggle to drive out the Umayyad Caliphate... Hormizd IV, son of Khosrau I, reigned as king of Persia from 578 to 590. ... Khosrau I, the Blessed (Anushirvan), (531 - 579) was the favourite son and successor of Kavadh I, and the most famous of the Sassanid kings. ...

But in the Arab invasion suffered great damage. In the Safavid period, it made great progress. Concurrent with the Afghan attack and the fall of Esfahan, Kermanshah was destroyed due to the Ottoman invasion. The Safavids were a long-lasting Turkic-speaking Iranian dynasty that ruled from 1501 to 1736 and first established Shiite Islam as Persias official religion. ... Isfahan or Esfahan can refer to either a city or a province in Iran: Isfahan (city) Isfahan (province) Isfahan (rugs) Ispahan a kind of rose and an older pronounciation of the citys name. ... The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Imperial motto El Muzaffer Daima The Ever Victorious (as written in tugra) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital İstanbul ( Constantinople/Asitane/Konstantiniyye ) Sovereigns Sultans of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40 million Area 12+ million km² Establishment 1299 Dissolution October 29, 1923...

During the Iran-Iraq War the province saw heavy fighting. Most towns and cities were badly damaged, some like Zar-e Pol-e Zahab and Qhasr-e Shirin virtually destroyed. Iranian troops in the northern front. ...

Climate

As it is situated between two cold and warm regions enjoys a moderate climate. Kermanshah has a moderate and mountainous climate. It rains most in winter and is moderately warm in summer. The annual rainfall is 500mm. The average temperature in the hottest months is above 22° C.

Language

Tekieh Moaven ol-Molk, 18th century

The province is settled mostly by Iranian Kurds and Luri speakers .There are minority Arabs and Turks living in this province.In addition to the inhabitants of the town and villages, there are nomadic societies through out the province.High mountain ranges closer to the Iraqi border are home to Kurdish tribes people.The predominant language is Persian, but Kurdi and other languages are also spoken. File links The following pages link to this file: Kermanshah Province Categories: GFDL images ... File links The following pages link to this file: Kermanshah Province Categories: GFDL images ... Kurds are one of the Iranian peoples and speak Kurdish, a north-Western Iranian language related to Persian. ... Luri is a dialect of Persian language. ... The Arabs (Arabic: عرب Ê»arab) are an originally Arabian ethnicity widespread in the Middle East and North Africa. ... Persian (فارسی), (local name in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan: Fârsi), Pârsi (older local name, but still used by some speakers), Tajik (a Central Asian dialect) or Dari (Another local name in Tajikistan, Afghanistan), is a language spoken in Iran,Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Bahrain. ... Geographic distribution The Kurdish languages or Kurdish dialects are spoken in the region loosely called Kurdistan including Kurdish populations in parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. ...

Notable people

Notable people born in Kermansha include British author Doris Lessing (b. 1919), whose father, a British army officer, was stationed there at the time of her birth. The word author has several meanings: The author of a book, story, article or the like, is the person who has written it (or is writing it). ... Doris Lessing (born October 22, 1919), is a British writer, born Doris May Taylor in Kermanshah, Persia (Iran). ... The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British military. ... In military organizations, a commissioned officer is a member of the service who derives authority directly from a sovereign power, and as such holds a commission from that power. ...

Local Products

Kermanshah lends its name to a type of Persian carpet named after the region.It has also a famous sweets made of rice. Carpet is a general term given to any loom-woven or felted textile and to grass floor coverings. ...

Attractions

Darius the Great inscription at Bisotoun, 6th century BCE

• Darius I the Great's inscription at Bisoutoun (6th century BCE): At a site some 1300 meter high in the mountains, one of the most famous sites in Near Eastern archeology has been attracting passersby since time Immemorial. It was, here that Sir Henry Rawlison copied the trilingual inscription of Darius I of Achaemenids, caved in 522 BCE. In old Persian, Elamite and Akkadian, an important step in the eventual decipherment of cuneiform in the mid 19th century. The Bisotoun relief above the inscription depicts Darius facing the nine rebel kings, whom the Achaemenid rulers uppercased when he came to power.

At the foot of the hill there are three Parthian relief believed to be the oldest Parthian reliefs, badly damaged by ravages of time and land endowment carved by Sheik Ali Khan Zanganeh, the premier of Safavid king Shah Soleiman. File links The following pages link to this file: Kermanshah Province Categories: GFDL images ... File links The following pages link to this file: Kermanshah Province Categories: GFDL images ... Seal of Darius I, showing the king hunting on his chariot, and the symbol of Ahuramazda Darius the Great (Pers. ... Elamite is an extinct language, which was spoken in the ancient Elamite Empire. ... Akkadian language city of Akkad or Agad Akkadian Empire Sargon of Akkad This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Parthian Empire at its greatest extent The Parthian Empire was the dominating force on the Iranian plateau beginning in the late 3rd century BCE, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 190 BCE and 224 CE. Parthia was the arch-enemy of the Roman Empire in the East and it limited... The Safavids were a long-lasting Turkic-speaking Iranian dynasty that ruled from 1501 to 1736 and first established Shiite Islam as Persias official religion. ...

• Taq-e Bostan Sassanid Reliefs (224-651 BCE): The Sassanid kings chose a sensational setting for their rock reliefs Taghe-e-Bostan, four miles north-East of Kermanshah. A sacred spring gushes forth from a mountain cliff and empties into a large reflecting pool. In writer the entire scene is shrouded in mist and clouds.

One of the most impressive reliefs, inside the largest grotto or "ivan" is the gigantic equestrian of Sassanid king, Khosrau II (591-628 CE) mounted on his favorite charger, Shabdiz. Both horse and rider are arrayed in full battle armor. There are two hunting scenes on opposite side of the ivan, one depicts the imperial boar hunt and the other in a similar spirit shows the king stalking deer. Elephants flush out the feeling boar from a marshy lake for the king who stands poised with bow and arrow in hand serenaded by female musicians following in other boats. These royal hunting scenes are among the most vivid of all rock reliefs, true narrative murals in stone, Jumping 1300 years in time the upper relief shows the 19th century Qajar king Fath-Ali shah holding court. Kermanshah or Taq-i-Bustan , is located in western Iran , four miles north-East of Kermanshah. ... Khosrau II, the Victorious (Parvez), king of Persia, son of Hormizd IV, grandson of Khosrau I, 590 - 628. ... The Qajar dynasty was the ruling family of Persia from 1796 to 1925. ...

Temple of Anahita, 3rd century BCE

• The temple of Anahita (200 BCE) in Kangavar: Kangavar is a small town of great antiquity lying halfway between Hamadan and Kermanshah (90 km. East of Kermanshah). In about 200 BC during the seleucid Greek occupation of Kangavar, a major sanctuary was erected to the mother Goddess Anahita who was worshipped in ancient Persia along with Ahura Mazda and Mithras.

This vast temple was built of enormous blocks of dressed stone with an imposing entrance of opposed staircases which may have been inspired by the Apadana in Persepolis. File links The following pages link to this file: Kermanshah Province Categories: GFDL images ... File links The following pages link to this file: Kermanshah Province Categories: GFDL images ... Anahita (or Nahid in Modern Persian), whose name means unstained or immaculate, was an ancient Persian deity. ... Anahita (or Nahid in Modern Persian), whose name means unstained or immaculate, was an ancient Persian deity. ... Ganj nameh, Darius the Great inscriptions (5th century BC) This page is about city of Hamedan. ... The Seleucid Empire was one of several political states founded after the death of Alexander the Great, whose generals squabbled over the division of Alexanders empire. ... Ahura Mazda In the Zoroastrian faith, Ahura Mazda is abstract and transcendent. ... Mithras was the central savior god of Mithraism, a syncretic Hellenistic mystery religion of male initiates that developed in the Eastern Mediterranean in the 2nd and 1st centuries BC and was practiced in the Roman Empire from the 1st century BC to the 5th century AD. Parthian coins and documents...

Provinces of Iran
Ardabil | Bushehr | Chahar Mahaal and Bakhtiari | East Azarbaijan | Isfahan | Fars | Guilan | Golestan | Hamadan | Hormozgan | Ilam | Kerman | Kermanshah | Khuzestan | Kohkiluyeh and Buyer Ahmad | Kurdistan | Lorestan | Markazi | Mazandaran | North Khorasan | Qazvin | Qom | Razavi Khorasan | Semnan | Sistan and Baluchistan | South Khorasan | Tehran | West Azarbaijan | Yazd | Zanjan