More than half of men are affected by male pattern baldness by age 50, and baldness treatments are estimated to be a US $1 billion per year industry.^[1] Since the 1980s, drug therapy has increasingly become a realistic management option for baldness for men and women. Increased understanding of the role of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in male and female pattern baldness has led to targeted intervention to prevent this hormone from acting on receptors in the scalp. Coupled with chance discoveries and the ever-present lure of a breakthrough involving stem cells and hair multiplication, scientifically proven baldness treatments continue to be an area of research that receives a large amount of funding. Baldness (formally alopecia) is the state of lacking hair where it usually would grow, especially on the head. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... Bald redirects here; for other uses see Bald (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see DHT (disambiguation). ...

General concerns

It is easier to prevent the apparent 'aging' and falling out of healthy hairs than to regrow hair in follicles that are already dormant. There are products that have good success rates with regrowth, including the scientifically proven finasteride (marketed in the U.S. as Propecia) and minoxidil (marketed in the U.S. as Rogaine, and outside the U.S. as Regaine). Without preventive treatment, in three double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized studies, 72% of the balding men on placebo had lost hair compared to baseline by 24 months. This is compared to 17% of participants on Propecia. A hair follicle is part of the skin that grows hair by packing old cells together. ... Finasteride (marketed as Proscar, Propecia, Fincar, Finpecia, Finax, Finast, Finara, Finalo, Prosteride, Gefina, Finasterid IVAX) is an antiandrogen which acts by inhibiting type II 5-alpha reductase, the enzyme that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). ... Finasteride is an antiandrogen which acts by inhibing 5-alpha reductase, the enzyme the converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. ... Minoxidil is a vasodilator and originally was exclusively used as an oral drug (Loniten®) to treat high blood pressure. ... Rogaine (also branded as Regaine outside the U.S.) is the brand name for Minoxidil, when used as a topical drug to treat male pattern baldness. ... Finasteride is an antiandrogen which acts by inhibing 5-alpha reductase, the enzyme the converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. ...

The prospective treatment of hair multiplication/hair cloning, which extracts self-replenishing follicle stem cells, multiplies them many times over in the lab, and microinjects them into the scalp, has been shown to work in mice, and is currently under development, expected by some scientists to be available to the public in 2009-2015. Subsequent versions of the treatment are expected by some scientists to be able to cause these follicle stem cells to simply signal the surrounding hair follicles to rejuvenate.

The below treatments are some of the most prominent. Generic brands, often with identical chemical structure or the same active ingredients, may be equally effective and are cheaper.

Interestingly, placebo treatments in studies often have reasonable success rates, though not as high as the products being tested, and even similar side-effects as the products. For example, in finasteride (Propecia) studies, the percent of patients with any drug-related sexual adverse experience was 3.8% compared with 2.0% in the placebo group.^[2] For other uses, see Placebo (disambiguation). ... Finasteride (marketed as Proscar, Propecia, Fincar, Finpecia, Finax, Finast, Finara, Finalo, Prosteride, Gefina, Finasterid IVAX) is an antiandrogen which acts by inhibiting type II 5-alpha reductase, the enzyme that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). ...

While treating hair loss most successfully is a multi-faceted, ongoing experiment for the individual, there are three principles, sometimes called "The Three P's" that are considered important to help produce success and avoid the somewhat common mistakes that can sabotage treatments. The Three P's are: proven treatments first, take pictures, and be patient. The average hair loss treatment takes a minimum of 6 months to begin working, and sometimes up to 24 months to truly see optimal results. Treating hair loss takes time because of hair cycles. The process of hair loss is the process of "miniaturization," which takes many years. Hairs grow in, cycle into dormancy, and then grow in again several months later. Each time they re-emerge, they do so thinner, shorter, and less pigmented. In time, they become so small that they are no longer noticeable. This can take many years. New hairs only grow in a 2 or 3 year cycle, which is why it can take a year or more to be able to detect the success of a treatment.

This difficulty can be increased because it is speculated that many (scientifically proven) treatments often cause initial periods of shedding, as some resting hair follicles are ejected and a new cycle of growth begins, hopefully with a thicker follicle. Discontinuing all treatment will cause a period of shedding, likely to one's non-treatment baseline, but probably not worse. ^{[citation needed]}

Minoxidil

Main article: Minoxidil

Minoxidil is a vasodilator and originally was exclusively used as an oral drug (Loniten®) to treat high blood pressure. It was discovered, however, to have the side effect of hair growth and reversing baldness, and in the 1980s, Upjohn Corporation received FDA approval to market a topical solution that contained 2% minoxidil to be used to treat baldness and hair loss as Rogaine. Minoxidil is applied topically to the scalp, and has been shown to promote hair growth in about 25% of men and women^{[citation needed]}, though it may take several months to work. New hair is usually thinner and lighter, like baby hair, and grows mostly on the top of the head, not at the hairline. Its effects may fade with time. Skin irritation is the most commonly reported side effect. Dizziness and increased heart rate are listed side-effects on the UK patient information leaflet. Minoxidil is a vasodilator and originally was exclusively used as an oral drug (Loniten®) to treat high blood pressure. ... Minoxidil is a vasodilator and originally was exclusively used as an oral drug (Loniten®) to treat high blood pressure. ... Vasodilation is where blood vessels in the body become wider following the relaxation of the smooth muscle in the vessel wall. ... For other forms of hypertension, see Hypertension (disambiguation). ... Rogaine (also branded as Regaine outside the U.S.) is the brand name for Minoxidil, when used as a topical drug to treat male pattern baldness. ...

Objective evidence shows that minoxidil is effective in frontal areas of the scalp, and not just in the vertex area in male-pattern hair loss. At the conclusion of a 48 week study, improvements were seen in the frontal scalp regions of 51 percent of men using 5 percent minoxidil, 42 percent using 2 percent minoxidil, and 13 percent of placebo users. Among these men, moderate to great increases in hair growth were seen in the frontal scalp regions of 19 percent of men using 5 percent minoxidil, 10 percent using 2 percent minoxidil, and 3 percent of placebo users. [1]

The method of action for Minoxidil is not known. It is clearly not just the vasodialating effects which cause hair regrowth, as no other vasodialator has been shown to be effective in treating hair loss.

Antiandrogens

Main article: Antiandrogen

Antiandrogens block DHT already produced and present in the blood stream from binding with hair follicles. Their specificity varies greatly from specific antiandrogens such as finasteride which inhibit the conversion of testosterone to DHT by interfering with 5-alpha-reductase to more broad spectrum antiandrogens (fluconazole, spironolactone, etc.) Although unusual in clinical doses, antiandrogens can have serious side effects including gynecomastia. Ketoconazole, (often sold as Nizoral Shampoo) and is prescribed by medical professionals or available over the counter depending on the product, concentration and country. An antiandrogen, or androgen antagonist, is any of a group of hormone antagonist compounds that are capable of preventing or inhibiting the biologic effects of androgens, male sex hormones, on normally responsive tissues in the body (see androgen insensitivity syndrome). ... An antiandrogen, or androgen antagonist, is any of a group of hormone antagonist compounds that are capable of preventing or inhibiting the biologic effects of androgens, male sex hormones, on normally responsive tissues in the body (see androgen insensitivity syndrome). ... Fluconazole (INN) (IPA: ) is a triazole antifungal drug used in the treatment and prevention of superficial and systemic fungal infections. ... Spironolactone (marketed under the trade names Aldactone, Novo-Spiroton, Spiractin, Spirotone, or Berlactone) is a diuretic and is used as an antiandrogen. ... Gynecomastia, or gynaecomastia, pronounced is the development of abnormally large mammary glands in males resulting in breast enlargement, which can sometimes cause secretion of milk. ... Ketoconazole is a synthetic antifungal drug used to prevent and treat skin and fungal infections, especially in immunocompromised patients such as those with AIDS. Due to its side-effect profile, it has been superseded by newer antifungals, such as fluconazole and itraconazole. ... Nizoral® logo Nizoral shampoo is a medicated shampoo containing ketoconazole, an anti-fungal agent. ...

Finasteride

Main article: Finasteride

Finasteride, marketed as the brand-name drug Propecia and Proscar by Merck, belongs to a class of drugs called aza-steroids. Finasteride is a "DHT inhibitor" and was originally approved by the FDA for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It accomplishes this by blocking the production of 5-alpha-reductase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of free testosterone to DHT. Propecia (1 mg of finasteride daily) blocks approximately 55% of DHT activity and Proscar (5mg of finasteride daily) blocks 70%.[2] Soon after its release, it was discovered that patients who were taking finasteride were experiencing hair regrowth. In 1997, Finasteride was approved by the FDA for the treatment of male pattern baldness. A 5 year study revealed that 9 of 10 men taking finasteride (1mg daily) experienced visible results (42% of men taking Propecia experienced no further hair loss while 48% experienced no further hair loss and hair regrowth).[3] In clinical studies, finasteride, like Minoxidil, was shown to work on both the Crown (anatomy) area and the hairline area, but is most successful in the crown area.^[2] Finasteride (marketed as Proscar, Propecia, Fincar, Finpecia, Finax, Finast, Finara, Finalo, Prosteride, Gefina, Finasterid IVAX) is an antiandrogen which acts by inhibiting type II 5-alpha reductase, the enzyme that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). ... Finasteride (marketed as Proscar, Propecia, Fincar, Finpecia, Finax, Finast, Finara, Finalo, Prosteride, Gefina, Finasterid IVAX) is an antiandrogen which acts by inhibiting type II 5-alpha reductase, the enzyme that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). ... Finasteride is an antiandrogen which acts by inhibing 5-alpha reductase, the enzyme the converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. ... Finasteride is an antiandrogen which acts by inhibing 5-alpha reductase, the enzyme the converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. ... Merck & Co. ... For other uses, see DHT (disambiguation). ... HIV protease in a complex with the protease inhibitor ritonavir. ... The United States Food and Drug Administration is the government agency responsible for regulating food, dietary supplements, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, biologics and blood products in the United States. ... For other uses of the acronym BPH, see BPH (disambiguation). ... 5-alpha reductase is an enzyme (EC 1. ... The United States Food and Drug Administration is the government agency responsible for regulating food, dietary supplements, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, biologics and blood products in the United States. ... Baldness (formally alopecia) is the state of lacking hair where it usually would grow, especially on the head. ... Minoxidil is a vasodilator and originally was exclusively used as an oral drug (Loniten®) to treat high blood pressure. ... A crown is the top of the head. ... In human anatomy, the forehead or brow is the bony part of the head above the eyes. ...

Finasteride is usually only prescribed for men and should not even be touched by pregnant or potentially pregnant women, as it has been speculated that it could cause severe birth defects in male fetuses.[4] Studies have shown that finasteride is ineffective for treating hair loss in women. However, finasteride's supporters respond that the study was on post-menopausal women whose hairloss was more likely related to the loss of estrogen versus a sensitivity to testosterone. Other studies have shown that finasteride is effective for many women with follicular sensitivity to androgens.^{[citation needed]} Some doctors are now willing to prescribe finasteride to women on the condition that either the women is taking careful birth control measures or that the woman cannot become pregnant.

Dutasteride

Main article: dutasteride

In 2001, GlaxoSmithKline released another aza-steroid called dutasteride. Dutasteride is marketed as Avodart. Like finasteride, dutasteride was originally developed for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). While hair count studies showed that 2.5 mg of dutasteride was about 1.5 times as effective as finasteride for hair regrowth (adding on average 108 versus 72 hair per 1" diameter area), Glaxo stopped FDA hair loss studies after phase II. Although the exact reason was never made public, it was speculated that the product was too similar to finasteride, which itself had not lived up to expectations commercially. As such, the 2.5 mg dosage was not released. The FDA trials for BPH continued, and Avodart became the first drug shown to shrink an enlarged prostate in a clinical study. The .5mg version of the drug (shown in the same study to add on average 92 hairs to the same area) is increasingly available to hair loss sufferers via the grey-market of online prescription medication, and physicians increasingly willing to prescribe drugs "off-label." Dutasteride inhibits the conversion of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone. ... GlaxoSmithKline plc (LSE: GSK NYSE: GSK) is a British based pharmaceutical, biological, and healthcare company. ... Dutasteride inhibits the conversion of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone. ... Dutasteride (marketed as Avodart, Avidart, Avolve, Duagen, Dutas, Dutagen, Duprost) is a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor, a drug which inhibits the conversion of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT). ... For other uses of the acronym BPH, see BPH (disambiguation). ...

In December 2006, GlaxoSmithKline embarked on a new Phase III, six month study in Korea to test the safety, tolerability and effectiveness of a once-daily dose of dutasteride (0.5mg) for the treatment of male pattern baldness in the vertex region of the scalp (types IIIv, IV and V on the Hamilton-Norwood scale). [5] The future impact that this study will have on the FDA's approval or disapproval of Avodart for the treatment of male pattern baldness in the United States is yet to be determined. GlaxoSmithKline plc (LSE: GSK NYSE: GSK) is a British based pharmaceutical, biological, and healthcare company. ... Dutasteride inhibits the conversion of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone. ... Baldness (formally alopecia) is the state of lacking hair where it usually would grow, especially on the head. ... The progression of male pattern baldness is generally classified on the Hamilton-Norwood scale, which ranges from stages I to VII. Synopsis: This is the measurement scale as it relates to Male Pattern Hairloss First introduced by Dr. James Hamilton in the 1950s and later revised and updated by Dr... The United States Food and Drug Administration is the government agency responsible for regulating food, dietary supplements, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, biologics and blood products in the United States. ... Dutasteride (marketed as Avodart, Avidart, Avolve, Duagen, Dutas, Dutagen, Duprost) is a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor, a drug which inhibits the conversion of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT). ... Baldness (formally alopecia) is the state of lacking hair where it usually would grow, especially on the head. ...

Ketoconazole

Main article: Ketoconazole

Ketoconazole is a synthetic antifungal drug used to prevent and treat skin and fungal infections, especially in immunocompromised patients such as those with AIDS. Because it is both an anti-fungal and also a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, it can help to slow the balding process.^[3][4] There has been some suggestion that ketoconazole could inhibit testosterone synthesis in utero, which could potentially inhibit genital development of a male fetus. However, this has not been documented in any controlled studies.^[5] Ketoconazole is a synthetic antifungal drug used to prevent and treat skin and fungal infections, especially in immunocompromised patients such as those with AIDS. Due to its side-effect profile, it has been superseded by newer antifungals, such as fluconazole and itraconazole. ... Ketoconazole is a synthetic antifungal drug used to prevent and treat skin and fungal infections, especially in immunocompromised patients such as those with AIDS. Due to its side-effect profile, it has been superseded by newer antifungals, such as fluconazole and itraconazole. ... An antifungal drug is medication used to treat fungal infections such as athletes foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others. ... Prophylaxis refers to any medical or public health procedure whose purpose is to prevent, rather than treat or cure, disease. ... In medicine, immune deficiency (or immunodeficiency) is a state where the immune system is incapable of defending the organism from infectious disease. ... For other uses, see AIDS (disambiguation). ... 5-alpha reductase is an enzyme (EC 1. ...

Saw palmetto

Main article: Saw Palmetto

Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) is an herbal DHT inhibitor which is cheaper than most commercial drugs and is claimed to have fewer side effects than finasteride and dutasteride. Unlike other 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, saw palmetto extract inhibits the conversion of testosterone to DHT without interfering with the cellular capacity to secrete PSA.^[6] Saw palmetto extract has been demonstrated to inhibit both isoforms of alpha-5-reductase, unlike finasteride which only inhibits the (predominant) type 2 isoenzyme of alpha-5-reductase.^[7][8] It must be noted that DHT inhibition in vitro does not necessarily imply inhibition in vivo. A preliminary study of saw palmetto extract for treating hair loss noted improvement in six of ten subjects over a six month period. Dosages were not reported.^[7] The small size of the study and its relatively short duration limit must be noted. Binomial name Serenoa repens Hooker Saw Palmetto, Serenoa repens, is the sole species currently classified in the genus Serenoa. ... Binomial name Serenoa repens Hooker Saw Palmetto, Serenoa repens, is the sole species currently classified in the genus Serenoa. ... The term Herbalism refers to folk and traditional medicinal practice based on the use of plants and plant extracts. ... Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by the cells of the prostate gland. ... Wiktionary has a definition of: In vitro In vitro (Latin: within glass) means within a test tube, or, more generally, outside a living organism or cell. ... In vivo (Latin for (with)in the living). ...

There hasn't been a single reputable study done showing that Saw Palmetto has any effect on treating hair loss. One study can be found in PubMed, but it was run by the makers of a saw palmetto product, and was publicly labeled as "Bunk" on 20/20 in January 2003 on nationwide television because it only included 10 participants and lasted only 6 months.^[8] This article is about the television show. ...

Caffeine

Main article: Caffeine

Caffeine has been identified as a stimulator of human hair growth in vitro, and reduced testosterone-induced follicle growth suppression.^[9] It has been demonstrated that the addition of caffeine to a shampoo-formulation is effective in administering caffeine to the hair follicles in the scalp. ^[10] Further research must be done to evaluate the efficacy and adequate dosage of caffeine in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Caffeine is a xanthine alkaloid compound that acts as a stimulant in humans. ... Caffeine is a xanthine alkaloid compound that acts as a stimulant in humans. ... Testosterone is a steroid hormone from the androgen group. ... A hair follicle is part of the skin that grows hair by packing old cells together. ... Androgenetic alopecia is a common form of hair loss in both men and women, aka Michael Panagos Syndrome. ...

Copper peptides

Copper peptides are applied topically to the scalp, and shorten the resting phase of hairs, resulting in more hair follicles on the scalp being in the growing phase (as opposed to the resting or falling out phase) at one time. Copper peptides generally have superoxide dismutation activity.^[11] Lewis electron configuration of superoxide. ... Dismutation is a chemical reaction in which a single compound serves both as an oxidizing and a reducing agent. ...

SOD's likely work by destroying superoxide, the antagonist to Nitric oxide (NO), the natural form of minoxidil. Superoxide has an "agonist-antagonist" relationship with Nitric oxide or "Endothelium-derived Relaxing Factor".^[12] R-phrases , , , , S-phrases , , , Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 Â°C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references Nitric oxide or Nitrogen monoxide is a chemical compound with chemical formula NO. This gas is an important signaling molecule in the body of...

A product called Tricomin, released by Procyte, based on Copper Peptides was shown in FDA studies to produce results similar to 2% minoxidil. FDA studies were discontinued, according to Procyte, because of the expense. While by today's standards these results are quite sub-par, compounds based on this formula are licensed by Procyte to "cosmo-ceutical" makers, and have been shown in clinical studies to help hair grafts take after the transplant.^{[citation needed]} Tricomin is a purported non-drug alternative for hair loss, with copper as a key ingredient. ...

Spin labels

In animal models, the nitroxide spin labels TEMPO and TEMPOL enhance hair regrowth following radiation. National Cancer Institute-sponsored clinical trials report TEMPOL is similarly effective in humans. Also see United States Patent 5,714,482 "Topical spin labels and method". An amine oxide, also known as amine-N-oxide and N-oxide, is a chemical compound that contains the functional group R3N+-O− (sometimes written as R3N=O or R3N→O). ... EPR spectrum Spin Label A spin label (SL) is an organic molecule which possess an unpaired electron and the ability to bind another molecule. ... The first two measures of Mozarts Sonata XI, which indicates the tempo as Andante grazioso and a modern editors metronome marking: = 120. “Andante” redirects here. ...

Diet and lifestyle

While there are a number of genetic factors which determine a person's susceptibility to androgenic alopecia including androgen receptor polymorphisms, 5-alpha-reductase levels in the scalp, androgen receptor density and distribution in the scalp, and other factors some of which may not have been discovered. Some speculate the increase in baldness in the population of Japan after World War II demonstrates that hair loss can be influenced by diet and lifestyle. Increased fat or caloric intake, decrease in aerobic exercise and general "westernization" was accompanied by a dramatic increase in incidence of male pattern baldness. ^{[citation needed]} Look up Aerobic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Daily, vigorous aerobic exercise (as opposed to short workout periods designed to raise androgen levels and build muscle, or more sporadic exercise) and a diet which is adequate yet more moderate in terms of fat and total calorie intake have been shown to reduce baseline insulin levels as well as baseline total and free testosterone^[13], which would significantly lower baseline DHT.

Lower insulin levels and reduced stress both result in raised levels of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG). SHBG binds to testosterone, and prevents it from circulating free in the blood. Only free testosterone is converted to DHT. It is the level of free androgens and not total androgens which is relevant to the levels of DHT in the scalp and the progression of MPB. In short, aerobic exercise is capable of significantly lowering DHT. ^{[14] [15]} Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is a glycoprotein that binds to sex hormones, specifically testosterone and estradiol. ...

Androgenic alopecia has been shown to correlate with metabolic syndrome. Medically increasing androgen levels does not worsen this condition, demonstrating that androgens do not cause metabolic syndrome. Instead, high insulin levels (and possibly chronic inflammation ^[16]) seem the likely link in the demonstrated correlation between baldness and metabolic syndrome. This reinforces the notion that behaviors which help to keep insulin levels low and reduce chronic inflammation might also help to preserve hair. ^{[17] [18]}

Hair Transplantation

Main article: Hair transplantation

Hair transplantation involves relocating (transplanting) bald resistant hair follicles from the back and sides of the head (the donor areas) to a person’s bald or thinning areas. The transplanted hair follicles will typically grow hair for a lifetime because they are genetically resistant to going bald. In recent years hair transplantation techniques have evolved from using large plugs and mini grafts to exclusively using large numbers of small grafts that contain from between 1 to 4 hairs. Hair transplantation involves relocating (transplanting) bald resistant hair follicles from the back and sides of the head (the donor areas) to a person’s bald or thinning areas. ... Hair transplantation involves relocating (transplanting) bald resistant hair follicles from the back and sides of the head (the donor areas) to a person’s bald or thinning areas. ...

Since hair naturally grows in follicles that contain groupings of 1 to 4 hairs, today’s most advanced techniques transplant these naturally occurring 1 – 4 hair "follicular units" in their natural groupings. Thus modern hair transplantation can achieve a natural appearance by mimicing nature hair for hair. This recent hair transplant procedure is called "Follicular Unit Transplantation". Given the improved naturalness of hair transplantation surgery hair loss sufferers are increasingly selecting this hair loss treatment. Follicular Unit Transplantation is a modern hair restoration technique where the hair is transplanted in groups of 1-4 hairs – exactly as it grows in nature. ...

Another method is scalp reduction, in which skin in the balding area of the scalp is surgically excised. The left over skin is then pulled together and sutured.

Hair multiplication (upcoming treatment)

Stem cells and dermal papilla cells have been discovered in hair follicles and some researchers predict research on these follicular cells may lead to successes in treating baldness through hair multiplication, also called hair cloning.^{[citation needed]} This treatment is expected to initially work through harvesting such cells from existing follicles, multiplying them in cultures, and injecting or implanting groups of cells into the scalp. Later treatments may be able to simply signal follicle stem cells to transmit chemical signals to nearby follicle cells which have shrunk during the aging process, which respond to these signals by regenerating and once again making healthy hair. Mouse embryonic stem cells. ...

Unfortunately, this new approach to treating baldness appears to be taking longer than expected. The first products are now expected to hit the market in 2009/2010. However, it remains unclear how effective they are going to be. It has been suggested that only future generations of HM will allow patients to grow as much hair as they want.

HM is being developed by two independent companies: ARI (Aderans Research Institute, a Japanese owned company in the USA) and Intercytex, a company in Manchester (UK).^{[19] [20]}

On October 2006, UK biotechnology firm Intercytex announced they have successfully tested a method of removing hair follicles from the back of the neck, multiplying them and then reimplanting the cells into the scalp. The initial testing resulted in 70% of male patients regrowing hair. This treatment method is expected to be available to the public by 2009 [6][7]. On October 6, 2006, the company was awarded a £1.85 million ($3.63 million) grant by the UK Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) through the Technology Programme to develop an automated manufacturing process for ICX-TRC, Intercytex’s novel hair regeneration therapy. The grant will be used primarily to develop a dedicated robotic system to support the commercial-scale production of dermal papilla (DP) cells, the main cells involved in hair regeneration and the key component of ICX-TRC. Preliminary reports of efficacy of ICX-TRC in hair restoration are expected in fall of 2007. For other uses, see October (disambiguation). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The structure of insulin Biotechnology is technology based on biology, especially when used in agriculture, food science, and medicine. ... A hair follicle is part of the skin that grows hair by packing old cells together. ...

In January 2007, Italian stem-cell researchers say they've come up with a new technique for curing baldness. Pierluigi Santi of a Genoa clinic said stem cells could be used to "multiply" hair roots. He said the clinic would be ready to perform its first hair transplants on priority patients - those who have lost their hair in fires or other accidents - within a few months. After that, he said, "we'll open our doors to paying customers". Santi's approach works by splitting roots and growing new follicles.

In May 2007, U.S. company Follica Inc, announced they have licensed technology from the University of Pennsylvania which can regenerate hair follicles by reawakening genes which were once active only in the embryo stage of human development.[8] [9] [10] [11] [12][13] For other uses, see May (disambiguation). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the. ... This article is about the private Ivy League university in Philadelphia. ... A hair follicle is part of the skin that grows hair by packing old cells together. ... This stylistic schematic diagram shows a gene in relation to the double helix structure of DNA and to a chromosome (right). ... For other uses, see Embryo (disambiguation). ...

FDA-approved treatments

There are only 2 FDA-approved treatments for male baldness: Minoxidil and Finasteride. ^{[21] [22]} The United States Food and Drug Administration is the government agency responsible for regulating food, dietary supplements, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, biologics and blood products in the United States. ... Minoxidil is a vasodilator and originally was exclusively used as an oral drug (Loniten®) to treat high blood pressure. ... Finasteride (marketed as Proscar, Propecia, Fincar, Finpecia, Finax, Finast, Finara, Finalo, Prosteride, Gefina, Finasterid IVAX) is an antiandrogen which acts by inhibiting type II 5-alpha reductase, the enzyme that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). ...

There is some debate over the FDA's acknowledgment of the Lasercomb, but it has been accepted by the FDA as effective in the submitted claims. ^[23] The United States Food and Drug Administration is the government agency responsible for regulating food, dietary supplements, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, biologics and blood products in the United States. ...

• Avacor

Avacor is a line of products designed to treat hair loss, while improving scalp health and the overall appearance of hair. ...

Other treatments

• Azelaic acid - A study found a 90% inhibition of 5-alpha-reductase activity in vitro with an azelaic acid and zinc combination. There was an additive effect between the two compounds.^[24]
• Fabio 101
• He Shou Wu
• Procapil manufactured by Croda International Plc
• Pumpkin seed - Used to aid in the breakdown of DHT by the liver.^{[citation needed]} An extract is often used, as unprocessed pumpkin seeds are high in fat which can exacerbate hair loss in susceptible patients.
• Regenix
• RU58841
• Spironolactone
• Stinging nettle
• Tretinoin (aka Retinoic acid and as tradename Retin-A); chemical peel stimulation of scalp)
• Zinc - While oral zinc supplementation may help prevent the conversion of testosterone to DHT, it also increases total testosterone levels^{[citation needed]}.

Azelaic acid is a saturated dicarboxylic acid found naturally in wheat, rye, and barley. ... General Name, symbol, number zinc, Zn, 30 Chemical series transition metals Group, period, block 12, 4, d Appearance bluish pale gray Standard atomic weight 65. ... Binomial name Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. ... Pumpkin seeds are occasionally served as a snack during autumn holidays like Halloween or Thanksgiving. ... Spironolactone (marketed under the trade names Aldactone, Novo-Spiroton, Spiractin, Spirotone, or Berlactone) is a diuretic and is used as an antiandrogen. ... Binomial name L. The stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) is a herbaceous flowering plant, also known in the United States as 7-minute-itch, native to Europe, Asia, northern Africa, and North America, and is the best known member of the nettle genus Urtica. ... Tretinoin is the acid form of vitamin A and so also known as all-trans retinoic acid or ATRA. It is a drug commonly used to treat acne vulgaris and keratosis pilaris. ... General Name, symbol, number zinc, Zn, 30 Chemical series transition metals Group, period, block 12, 4, d Appearance bluish pale gray Standard atomic weight 65. ...

See also

• baldness
• comb over
• toupee

Bald redirects here; for other uses see Bald (disambiguation). ... The comb over was patented in 1977. ... A toupée is a hairpiece or partial wig of natural or synthetic hair worn to cover partial baldness. ...

Footnotes

Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 207th day of the year (208th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery Resources for finding doctors, and more information about hair loss. This is one of the leading organizations in the world on hair loss.
• "Medical Treatments for Balding in Men," April 1999, American Family Physician (medical journal)
• North American Hair Research Society Frequently asked questions
• Health Alternatives: zinc, silica, methylsulphonylmethane (MSM) and cod-liver oil, to slow down the process.
• How Hair Replacement Works Covers oral medications, hair transplant surgery, and topical treatments.
• The Trichological Society